Uma ubheka izibalo ezomile zamatafula, kunzima ekuqaleni ukubamba isithombe esiphezulu abamele ngaso. Kodwa, ku-Microsoft Excel, kukhona ithuluzi lokuboniswa ngokucacile ongabonisa ngalo idatha equkethwe ematafuleni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise kalula futhi ngokushesha uthathe ulwazi. Leli thuluzi libizwa ngokuthi ukufometha okunemibandela. Ake sibone ukuthi singasebenzisa kanjani ukufometha okunemibandela ku-Microsoft Excel.
Izinketho zokufometha okunemibandela elula kakhulu
Ukuze ufake indawo yeseli ethize, khetha le ndawo (ngokuvamile iningi ikholomu), nakuThebhu laseKhaya, chofoza inkinobho yokufometha okunemibandela, elitholakala ebhokisini ebhokisini lamathuluzi wezitayela.
Emva kwalokho, imenyu yokufometha enemibandela ivuleka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufometha:
- I-Histograms;
- Izikali ze-Digital;
- Amabheji.
Ukuze ukhiqize ukufometha okunemibandela ngendlela ye-histogram, khetha ikholomu nedatha, bese uchofoza kwimenyu ehambelana nemenyu. Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-histograms nge-gradient kanye nokugcwaliswa okuqinile okumele ukhethe. Khetha okubona, ngokubona kwakho, kakhulu kufana nesitayela nokuqukethwe kwetafula.
Njengoba ubona, i-histograms ibonakala kumaseli akhethiwe ekholomu. Okubaluleke kakhulu inani lamanani kumaseli, i-histogram ende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihumulweni ze-Excel 2010, 2013 no-2016, kungenzeka ukuthi ubonise kahle izimpawu ezingalungile ku-histogram. Kodwa ngo-2007 inguqulo ayikho into enjalo.
Uma usebenzisa isikali sombala esikhundleni se-histogram, kungenzeka futhi ukhethe izinguqulo ezahlukene zaleli thuluzi. Kulesi simo, njengombuso, inani elikhulu likhona esitokisini, ukugcwala kakhudlwana umbala wesilinganiso.
Ithuluzi elithakazelisayo kunazo zonke futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalesi setha semisebenzi yokufometha yizimpawu. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezithonjana: izinkombandlela, ubujamo, izinkomba kanye nezilinganiso. Okukhethwa kukho ngakunye okhethwe ngumsebenzisi kuthatha ukusetshenziswa kwezithonjana ezihlukene lapho kuhlola okuqukethwe kweseli. Indawo yonke ekhethiwe iskishwa yi-Excel, futhi wonke amanani eseli ahlukaniswe abe izingxenye, ngokusho kwamagugu echazwe kuwo. Izithonjana ezihlaza zisetshenziselwa amanani amakhulu kakhulu, amanani aphuzi phakathi kobubanzi obuphakathi, futhi amanani kunesithathu encane amakwe ngezimpawu ezibomvu.
Lapho ukhetha imicibisholo, njengesithonjana, ngaphezu komklamo wombala, ukusayina ngesimo sekhombandlela kuyasetshenziswa futhi. Ngakho-ke, umcibisholo, okhomba, usetshenziselwa izindinganiso ezinkulu, ngakwesobunxele - kuya phakathi, phansi - kuya ezincane. Uma usebenzisa izibalo, amanani amakhulu kakhulu amakwe azungeze, unxantathu ungaphakathi, i-rhombus incane.
Imithetho Yokwabiwa Kwamaselula
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umthetho usetshenziswa, lapho wonke amaseli ekhethiwe akhethiwe akhethiwe ngombala othize noma isithonjana, ngokusho kwamagugu akhona kuwo. Kodwa usebenzisa imenyu, esesivele sishilo ngenhla, ungasebenzisa eminye imithetho yokuqokwa.
Chofoza kwimenyu yemenyu "Imithetho yokukhetha amaseli". Njengoba ungabona, kunemithetho eyisikhombisa eyisisekelo:
- Okuningi;
- Okuncane;
- Kulingana;
- Phakathi;
- Usuku;
- Amanani aphindaphindiwe
Cabanga ukusetshenziswa kwezi zenzo kulezi zibonelo. Khetha ububanzi bamaseli, bese uchofoza entweni ethi "Okuningi ...".
Iwindi evuleka kulokho okudingayo ukusetha amanani amakhulu kunanani okuzogqanyiswa. Lokhu kwenziwa "Fometha amaseli amakhulu." Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inani elilinganiselwe lobubanzi lihambisana ngokuzenzakalelayo lapha, kodwa ungabeka enye, noma ungacacisa ikheli leseli eliqukethe le nombolo. Ikhetho lokugcina lifanele amatafula ashukumisayo, idatha eguqukayo njalo, noma esitokisini lapho ifomula isetshenziswa khona. Isibonelo, sibeka inani ku-20,000.
Esikhathini esilandelayo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi amangqamuzana azoqokonyiswa kanjani: ukugcwaliswa okubomvu okukhanyayo nombala obomvu omnyama (ngokuzenzakalelayo); ukugcwalisa okuphuzi nombhalo omnyama ophuzi; umbhalo obomvu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ifomethi yangokwezifiso.
Uma ufika kule nto, ifasitela ivuleka lapho ungahlela ukukhetha, cishe njengoba uthanda, ngokusebenzisa ifonti ehlukahlukene, ukugcwalisa, kanye nemingcele.
Uma sesinqume ngezindinganiso efasiteleni lezilungiselelo zemithetho yokukhetha, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Kulungile".
Njengoba ubona, amangqamuzana akhethiwe, ngokusho komthetho osungulwe.
Umgomo ofanayo uqokomisa izimiso uma usebenzisa imithetho "Engaphansi", "Phakathi" no "Equal." Kuphela kokuqala, amangqamuzana anikezwe ngaphansi kwezinga elibekwe nguwe; esimweni sesibili, izinombolo zezinombolo zibekwe, amangqamuzana azokwabiwa; okwesithathu, inombolo ethile inikezwa, futhi kuphela amaseli aqukethe ayokwabiwa.
"Itheksthi iqukethe" umthetho wokukhetha usebenza ikakhulukazi kumathekisthi okufometha amathebhu. Esikhathini sokufaka iwindi yokulawula, kufanele ucacise igama, ingxenye yegama, noma iqoqo elilinganayo lamagama, uma litholakala, amaseli ahambelanayo azogqanyiswa ngendlela oyisetha ngayo.
Umthetho Usuku lisebenza kumaseli aqukethe amanani kwifomethi yosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzilungiselelo ungasetha ukukhethwa kwamaseli ngokusho lapho kwenzeka khona noma kuzokwenzeka: namhlanje, izolo, kusasa, izinsuku ezingu-7 zokugcina, njll.
Ngokusebenzisa umthetho we-"Duplicate values", ungalungisa ukukhethwa kwamaseli ngokuya ukuthi idatha ebeka kuyo ihambisana nenye yezinqubo: idatha ephindaphindiwe noma eyingqayizivele.
Imithetho yokukhetha amanani okuqala nokugcina
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwimenyu yokufometha enemibandela kukhona enye into ethakazelisayo - "Imithetho yokukhetha amanani okuqala nokugcina." Lapha ungabeka ukukhethwa kwamanani amancane kuphela noma amancane kunabo bonke amaseli. Kulolu cala, ungasebenzisa ukukhethwa, kokubili kumanani we-ordinal kanye namaphesenti. Kukhona izinketho ezilandelayo zokukhetha, ezifakwe ohlwini lwezinto ezifanele:
- Izinto eziyishumi zokuqala;
- I-10% yokuqala;
- Izinto zokugcina ezingu-10;
- I-10% yokugcina;
- Ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso;
- Ngezansi.
Kodwa, ngemva kokuchofoza into ehambelanayo, ungakwazi ukushintsha kancane imithetho. Iwindi livula lapho uhlobo lokukhethwa lukhethwa khona, futhi, uma lufisa, ungabeka enye imingcele yokukhetha. Isibonelo, ngokuchofoza into ethi "Izinto zokuqala ezingu-10" efasiteleni evulekayo, kufaka "Ifomathi yokuqala yamaseli", faka inombolo engu-10 nge-7. Ngakho-ke, emva kokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Kulungile", akuzona izimpawu eziyishumi ezikhulu ezizogqanyiswa, kodwa 7 kuphela.
Ukudala imithetho
Ngenhla, sikhulume ngemithetho esivele isethiwe ku-Excel, futhi umsebenzisi angakwazi ukumane akhethe noma yikuphi. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ngabe ufisa, umsebenzisi angakha imithetho yakhe.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunoma yisiphi isigatshana semenyu yokufometha okunemibandela, chofoza "Iminye imithetho ..." into esezansi kuhlu. "Noma, chofoza" Yakha umthetho ... "into ekhona engxenyeni engezansi yemenyu esemqoka yokufometha okunemibandela.
Iwindi livula lapho udinga ukukhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo eziyisithupha zemithetho:
- Fometha wonke amaseli asekelwe kumagugu awo;
- Fometha amaseli kuphela aqukethe;
- Fometha kuphela izindinganiso zokuqala nezokugcina;
- Fometha amanani kuphela angaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwesilinganiso;
- Fometha amanani ayingqayizivele noma aphindaphindiwe;
- Sebenzisa ifomula ukunquma amaseli afomethiwe.
Ngokusho kwemithetho ekhethiwe, engxenyeni engezansi yefasitela udinga ukulungisa ushintsho ekuchazweni kwemithetho, ukubeka amanani, izikhathi kanye namanye amanani, esiwashiwo ngezansi. Kuphela kulokhu, ukubeka lezi zindinganiso kuzoba nezimo eziguquguqukayo. Ibuye isethwe, ngokushintsha ifonti, imingcele futhi igcwalise, ngokuqondile ukuthi ukukhethwa kuzobukeka kanjani. Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izilungiselelo zenziwe, udinga ukuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Kulungile" ukuze ulondoloze izinguquko ezenziwe.
Ukuphathwa komthetho
Ku-Excel, ungasebenzisa imithetho eminingana kubanga elifanayo lamaseli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kuphela umthetho wokufaka ozofakwa uzoboniswa esikrinini. Ukuze ulawule ukuqaliswa kwemithetho ehlukahlukene mayelana nohlobo oluthile lwamaseli, udinga ukukhetha lolu hlu, futhi kwimenyu enkulu yokufometha okunemibandela ukuya kwimithetho yokuphathwa kwempahla.
Iwindi livula lapho yonke imithetho ehambelana nobubanzi bamakheli ekhethiwe. Imithetho isetshenziswa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, njengoba kubalwe. Ngakho-ke, uma imithetho iphikisana, bese eqinisweni nje kuphela yakamuva yayo iboniswa esikrinini.
Ukuze ushintshe imithetho ezindaweni, kunezinkinobho ngendlela yemicibisholo ekhomba phezulu. Ukuze umthetho uboniswe esikrinini, udinga ukuwukhetha, bese uchofoza inkinobho ngesimo somcibisholo obheke phansi kuze kube yilapho umbuso uthatha umugqa wamuva kakhulu ohlwini.
Kunenye indlela. Kubalulekile ukubeka uphawu kumakholomu negama elithi "Yeka uma kuyiqiniso" ngokuphambene nomthetho esiwudinga. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandela imithetho kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, uhlelo luzoyeka ngokuqondile umthetho, eduze kwalolu phawu, futhi ngeke luwe phansi, okusho ukuthi lo mthetho uzokwenziwa ngempela.
Ewindini elifanayo kunezinkinobho zokudala nokushintsha umthetho okhethiwe. Ngemuva kokuchofoza kulezi zinkinobho, amafasitela okudala nokushintsha imithetho aqalisiwe, esesixoxile ngenhla.
Ukuze ususe umthetho, kuzomele ukhethe, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Susa umthetho".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasusa imithetho ngokusebenzisa imenyu esemqoka yokufometha okunemibandela. Ukwenza lokhu, chofoza into ethi "Susa imithetho". I-submenu ivula lapho ungakhetha khona okukhethwa kukho okukhiphayo: noma ususe imithetho kuphela ebangeni elikhethiwe lamaseli, noma ususe yonke imithetho evulekile ye-Excel sheet.
Njengoba ubona, ukufometha okunemibandela kuyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokubuka idatha etafuleni. Ngalo, ungenza ngokwezifiso ithebula ukuze ulwazi olujwayelekile kulo luzofaniswa nomsebenzisi shazi. Ngokungeziwe, ukufometha okunemibandela kunika isikhalazo esikhulu sokubheka kulo mbhalo.
