Ama-plugin asebenzisekayo we-Adobe Photoshop CS6

I-adapter eyengeziwe (discrete) yevidiyo iyadingeka ezimweni lapho iprosesa ingenayo ihluzo edidiyelwe ye-ihluzo kanye / noma ikhompyutha idinga ukusebenza kahle emidlalweni enzima, abahleli behluzo kanye nesofthiwe yokuhlela ividiyo.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhadi levidyo kufanele lihambisane ngokusemandleni nekhadi legrafu yamanje kanye neprosesa. Futhi, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ikhompiyutha yezinhlu zokusebenza ezinkulu, qiniseka ukuthi ungafaka uhlelo lokupholisa olwengeziwe lwekhadi levidiyo ebhodini le-motherboard.

Mayelana nabakhiqizi

Abakhiqizi abambalwa kuphela abenza ukukhishwa kwamakhadi ehluzo ekusetshenzisweni kwabathengi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamakhadi wehluzo kusekelwe ku-NVIDIA, AMD noma ubuchwepheshe be-Intel. Zonke izinkampani ezintathu zisebenza ekhiqizweni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhadi wevidiyo, sibheka umehluko wabo oyinhloko.

• I-Nvidia - inkampani edumile kunazo zonke ezenza ukukhululwa kwe-adapters yehluzo ukuze kusetshenziswe kabanzi. Imikhiqizo yayo ekuqaleni igxile kuma-gamers nalabo abasebenza ngokusebenza ngevidiyo kanye / noma ihluzo. Naphezu kwentengo ephezulu yemikhiqizo, abasebenzisi abaningi (ngisho abangekho abafuna kakhulu) bakhetha le nkampani ethile. Ama-adapter awo anokwethenjelwa, asebenza kahle futhi ahambisana kahle;
• I-AMD - Umncintiswano oyinhloko we-NVIDIA, uthuthukisa amakhadi wevidiyo ebuchwepheshe bawo. Ngokubambisana neprosesa ye-AMD, lapho kukhona i-adapter edidiyelwe ihluzo, imikhiqizo "ebomvu" inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ama-adapter e-AMD ayashesha kakhulu, ayasheshisa kahle, kodwa anezinkinga ezithile ngokushisa nokuhambisana nokucubungula kwabaqhubi be-Blue, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo azibizi kakhulu;



• Intel - Okokuqala, ikhiqiza ama-processor nge-adapter edidiyelwe ihluzo ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bayo, kodwa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-adapter ihluzo ngamunye. Amakhadi wevidiyo e-Intel awahlukaniswa nokusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa ayithatha ngekhwalithi yawo nokuthembeka, ngakho-ke afaneleke ngokufanelekile "kumshini wehhovisi". Inani labo liphakeme kakhulu;



• I-MSI - ikhiqiza amakhadi wevidiyo ngokusho kwe-patent evela ku-NVIDIA. Okokuqala, kunomqondo wabanikazi bemishini yokudlala nemishini yobuchwepheshe. Imikhiqizo yalesi nkampani iyabiza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ithela, ikhwalithi eliphezulu futhi ayibangeli izinkinga zokuhambisana;



• I-Gigabyte - Omunye umakhi wezingxenye zekhompiyutha, okwenza kancane kancane inkambo emkhakheni womshini wokudlala. Ikhiqiza kakhulu amakhadi wevidiyo we-NVIDIA, kodwa kube khona ukuzama ukwakha amakhadi wesampula we-AMD. Umsebenzi we-adapter adapters kusuka kulo mkhiqizi awubangeli izikhalazo ezingathí sina, futhi banamanani angcono kakhulu kuneMSI ne-NVIDIA;



• ASUS - umkhiqizi ovelele kakhulu wemishini yekhompyutha emakethe yamakhompyutha kanye nezingxenye zazo. Muva nje, ngaqala ukukhiqiza amakhadi wevidiyo ngokuvumelana namazinga we-NVIDIA nama-AMD. Ezimweni eziningi, inkampani ikhiqiza amakhadi ahlukumezayo amageyimu wezemidlalo namakhono, kodwa kunamamodeli angabizi kakhulu izikhungo ze-multimedia ekhaya.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi amakhadi wevidiyo ahlukaniswe ngochungechunge oluthile oluthile:

• I-Nvidia geforce. Lo mzila usetshenziswa yibo bonke abakhiqizi abakhiqiza amakhadi ngokwezinga elijwayelekile le-NVIDIA;
• AMD Radeon. Isetshenziswa yi-AMD ngokwazo nabakhiqizi abakhiqiza imikhiqizo ngokuvumelana namazinga we-AMD;
• I-Intel HD Graphics. Isetshenziswa kuphela yi-Intel.

Izixhumi zekhadi levidiyo

Wonke amabhodi womama wanamuhla anezixhumi ezikhethekile ze-PCI-hlobo, ongakwazi ukuxhuma i-graph card eyengeziwe kanye nezinye izingxenye. Okwamanje lihlukaniswe ngezihumusho ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-PCI ne-PCI-Express.

Okukhethwa kokuqala kusheshe kube yisikhathi futhi akusiwo umkhawulokudonsa omuhle kakhulu, ngakho ukuthenga i-adapter enamandla yehluzo ngaphansi kwalo akusho umqondo, ngoba lo mkhakha uzosebenza ingxenye eyodwa kuphela. Kodwa usebenzisana kahle namakhadi ehlukanayo esabelomali "emishini yemishini" nezikhungo ze-multimedia. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ubone uma ikhadi levidyo lisekela lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi. Ezinye iziklamo zanamuhla (ngisho nesigaba sebhajethi) angeke sisekele lesi sixhumano.

Ukhetho lwesibili luvame ukutholakala kumabhodi omama wanamuhla futhi lusekelwa cishe wonke amakhadi wevidiyo, ngaphandle kwamamodeli amadala kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga i-adapter enamandla yehluzo (noma i-adapters eziningana), kusukela ibhasi layo linikeza ukuhamba okuphezulu nokuhambisana kahle neprosesa, i-RAM bese usebenza namakhadi wevidiyo amaningana ndawonye. Noma kunjalo, amabhodi wamama walesi sixhumanisi angabiza kakhulu.

I-PCI slot ingahlukaniswa ngezihumusho eziningana - 2.0, 2.1 no-3.0. Ukuphakama kwe-version, kungcono ukuhamba kwebhasi kanye nokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izingxenye ze-PC. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi ingxenyeni yesikhombi kuso ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ungakwazi ukufaka noma iyiphi i-adapter uma ihambisana nalesi sixhumano.

Futhi kumabhodi omama omdala kakhulu ungathola esikhundleni sezinga lanamuhla le-PCI-connectors, isidleke sohlobo lwe-AGP. Lesi yisixhumi esingasebenzi futhi cishe akukho izingxenye esivele sezikhishwe ngakho, ngakho-ke uma unebhodi lebhodi elidala kakhulu, ikhadi levidiyo elisha le-connector elinzima kakhulu kuzothola.

Mayelana nama-chips wevidiyo

I-chip yevidiyo i-processor encane ehlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwekhadi levidiyo. Amandla we-adapter ihluzo futhi, ngokwengxenye, ukuhambisana kwayo nezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha (ngokuyinhloko nge-CPU ne-chipboard ye-motherboard) kuxhomeke kuyo. Isibonelo, amakhadi wevidiyo we-AMD ne-Intel anama-chips evidiyo ahlinzeka ngokuhambisana kakhulu neprosesa yomkhiqizi, ngaphandle kwalokho ulahlekelwe kakhulu ekusebenzeni kanye nemfanelo yomsebenzi.

Ukusebenza kwama-chips wevidiyo, ngokungafani neprosesa ephakathi, kulinganiswa hhayi ngama-cores kanye nemvamisa, kodwa ekubanjeni okubanjelwe (ukucubungula). Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyinto efana ne-mini-cores ye-processor ephakathi, kuphela kumakhadi wevidiyo inani labanjalo lingakwazi ukufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Isibonelo, amakhadi wamakilasi wesabelomali anamabhuloki angaba ngu-400-600, aphakathi kuka-600-1000, aphezulu ka-1000-2800.

Qaphela inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-chip. Ikhonjiswe kumanometers (nm) futhi kufanele ihluke kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-65 nm kumakhadi wevidiyo anamuhla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhadi kanye nokuziphatha kwalo okushisayo kuncike kakhulu ekutheni leli xabiso lincane kangakanani. Kunconywa ukuthenga amamodeli ngenani lezinqubo eziphansi kakhulu, kusukela ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zidla amandla angaphansi futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - zishisa kancane.

Umphumela wememori yevidiyo ekusebenzeni

Imemori yevidiyo inento efana nokusebenza, kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isebenza kancane ngokuvumelana nezinye izindinganiso futhi inemvamisa ephezulu yokusebenza. Naphezu kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi imemori yevidiyo ihambelana ngokusemandleni nge-RAM, iprosesa nebhodi lebhodi, kusukela I-motherboard isekela isayizi ethile yememori yevidiyo, imvamisa, futhi uthayiphe.

Imakethe manje ifaka amakhadi wevidiyo ngevolumu ye-GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X ne-HBM. Leyo yindinganiso ye-AMD, esetshenziswe kuphela yilo menzi, ngakho-ke imishini eyenziwe ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso se-AMD ingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ekusebenzisaneni nezinto ezivela kwabanye abakhiqizi (amakhadi wevidiyo, abacubungula). Mayelana nokusebenza, i-HBM ingenye indawo phakathi kwe-GDDR5 ne-GDDR5X.

I-GDDR3 isetshenziselwa amakhadi wevidiyo aphansi aphethe chip obuthakathaka, kusukela Amandla okucubungula aphezulu adingekayo ukucubungula idatha enkulu yememori yokusakaza. Lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo lunemvamisa encane emakethe - ebangeni kusukela ku-1600 MHz kuya ku-2000 MHz. Akunconywa ukuthi uthenge i-adapter yehluzo enevolumu yememori engaphansi kwe-1600 MHz, kusukela Kulesi simo ngisho nemidlalo ebuthakathaka izosebenza kabi.

Uhlobo oluthandwayo lwenkumbulo yi-GDDR5, esetshenziselwa isigaba samanani entengo ngisho nakwamanye amamodeli webhajethi. Ivolumu yewashi yalolu hlobo lwenkumbulo cishe ngo-2000-3600 MHz. I-adapters ezibiza kakhulu zisebenzisa inkumbulo ethuthukisiwe - i-GDDR5X, ehlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu sokudluliswa kwedatha, kanye nemvamisa yefika ku-5000 MHz.

Ngaphandle kohlobo lwememori, qaphela inani lalo. Emabhokisini ezabelomali kukhona cishe 1 GB yememori yevidiyo, esigabeni samanani entengo kunokwenzeka ukuthi uthole amamodeli nge-2 GB yememori. Emakhadini evidiyo engabizi engxenyeni engaphezulu enememori engu-6 GB ingatholakala. Ngenhlanhla, ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemidlalo eminingi yanamuhla, i-adapters yehluzo ne-2 GB yememori yevidiyo yanele. Kodwa uma udinga ikhompyutha yokudlala engadonsa imidlalo ekhiqizayo futhi eminyakeni engu-2-3, bese uthenge ikhadi levidiyo enememori eminingi. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungcono ukunikeza uhlobo lwenkumbulo GDDR5 nokuguqulwa kwalo, kulokhu akufanele ulandele imiqulu emikhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga ikhadi nge-2 GB GDDR5 kunokuba ne-4 GB GDDR3.

Futhi qaphela ububanzi bebhasi yedatha. Akufanele neze kube ngaphansi kwezibhamu eziyi-128, ngaphandle kwalokho, uzoba nokusebenza okungalungile cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Ububanzi bebhasi obuhle buhluka phakathi kwama-128-384 bits.

I-Adapter ye-Energy Efficiency Graphics

Amanye amabhodi wama-mother kanye nempahla yamandla awakwazi ukusekela amandla adingekayo kanye / noma angenazo izixhumi ezikhethekile zokusebenzisa ikhadi levidyo elidinga, ngakho gcina lokhu engqondweni. Uma i-adapter yehluzo engafanelekile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, ungayifaka (uma ezinye izimo kufanelekile), kodwa ngeke uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukusebenzisa amandla kwamakhadi wevidiyo emakilasini ahlukene kunendlela elandelayo:

• Iklasi lokuqala - alikho ama-watts angu-70. Ikhadi laleli klasi lizosebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzekwa kwama-motherboard wamanje kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla;
• Isigaba esiphakathi - ebangeni lama-70-150 watts. Akuzona zonke izingxenye ezifanele lokhu;
• Amakhadi asebenza kahle - esifundeni kusuka kuma-watts angu-150 kuya ku-300. Kulesi simo, uzodinga ukunikezwa kwamandla akhethekile kanye nebhodi lebhodi lebhodi lezinyawo, elithintekayo ezidingo zemishini yokudlala.

Ukupholisa ikhadi levidiyo

Uma i-adapter ihluzo iqala ukwedlula, khona-ke, njengeprosesa, ayikwazi ukuhluleka kuphela, kodwa futhi ikhoma ubuqotho bebhodi lebhodi, okuzoholela ekulimaleni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, amakhadi wevidiyo athola uhlelo lokupholisa olwakhiwe ngaphakathi, oluphinde luhlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

• I-Passive - kulokhu, akukho lutho olufakwe ekhadini lokupholisa, noma kuphela i-radiator iqhaza kwinqubo, engasebenzi kahle kakhulu. I-adapter enjengomthetho ayinayo ukusebenza okuphezulu, ngakho-ke idinga ukupholisa okungathí sina ngaphandle kwayo;



• Ukusebenza - sekukhona uhlelo lokupholisa olugcwele-olune-radiator, umshayeli futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngamapayipi okushisa. Kungasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhadi wevidiyo. Enye yezinketho ezipholile kakhulu zokupholisa;



• I-Turbine - ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nenguqulo esebenzayo. Icala elikhulu kakhulu likhishwe ekhadini, lapho kune-turbine ekhethekile edonsa emoyeni ngamandla aphakeme futhi ihamba nayo ngokusebenzisa i-radiator nama-tubes akhethekile. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo ingafakwa kuphela kumakhadi amakhulu futhi anamandla.

Qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izinto ama-fan blades kanye nodonga lwe-radiator ezenziwe. Uma imithwalo esindayo ibekwa ekhadini, kungcono ukushiya amamodeli ane-radiators eplastiki bese ucabangela ukhetho nge-aluminium. I-radiators engcono - enezindonga zethusi noma zensimbi. Futhi, ngenxa yamakhadi ehluzo "ashisayo", abalandeli abanezinsimbi zensimbi, esikhundleni sepulasitiki, bafaneleka kakhulu. bangancibilika.

Ubukhulu bamakhadi wevidiyo

Uma unebhodi lomama elincane futhi / noma elishibhile, zama ukukhetha i-adapters encane, kusukela inkulu kakhulu ingakwazi ukugoba ibhodi elimele elincane noma ukumane lingene kuyo uma lincane kakhulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesilinganiso, njengokuthi, cha. Amanye amakhadi angase abe amancane, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zibonelo ezingenamandla ngaphandle kwesistimu yokupholisa, noma nge-radiator encane. Ukulinganisa kwangempela kungcono ukucacisa kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi noma esitolo ngemuva kokuthenga.

Ububanzi bekhadi levidiyo lingaxhomeke kwinombolo yezixhumi kuso. Emakhophi ashibhile kaningi umugqa owodwa wezixhumi (izingcezu ezimbili ezilandelana).

Izixhumi zekhadi levidiyo

Uhlu lwamacebo angaphandle luhlanganisa:

• DVI - ngakho, ungaxhuma kubaqaphi banamuhla, ngakho-ke lo mxhumanisi ukhona cishe kuwo wonke amakhadi wevidiyo. Ihlukaniswe ibe yi-subtypes emibili - i-DVI-D ne-DVI-I. Esikhathini sokuqala kukhona umxhumanisi wedijithali kuphela, okwesibili kukhona nesignali ye-analog;
• I-HDMI - ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma ama-TV anamuhla kwikhompyutha. Lo mxhumanisi kuphela kumakhadi wesigaba esiphakathi nesilinganiso esiphakeme;
• I-VGA - kudinga ukuxhuma abaqaphi abaningi namaprosesa;
• I-Displayport - kukhona inombolo encane kuphela yamamodeli wekhadi levidiyo, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma uhlu oluncane lwabaqaphi abakhethekile.

Futhi qiniseka ukuthi unakekele ukuba khona kwesixhumanisi esikhethekile samandla engeziwe emakhadini evidiyo anikwe amandla aphezulu (akudingekile kakhulu kumamodeli "emishini yemishini" nezikhungo ze-multimedia). Zihlukaniswe ngo-6 no-8-pin. Ukuze usebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi i-motherboard yakho kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla ukusekela lezi zixhumanisi kanye nenani labo oxhumana nabo.

Ukwesekwa kwekhadi levidiyo amaningi

Amakhadi omama wesayizi aphakathi nendawo amakhulu anezintambo eziningana zokuxhuma amakhadi wevidiyo. Ngokuvamile inombolo yabo ayidluli izingcezu ezine, kodwa kumakhompiyutha akhethekile kungenzeka kube khona okuncane. Ngaphezu kokutholakala kwama-connectors wamahhala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhadi wevidiyo angasebenza ngokubambisana. Ukwenza lokhu, cabanga ngemithetho embalwa:

• I-motherboard kufanele isekele umsebenzi wamakhadi wevidiyo amaningana ngokubambisana. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi isixhumi esibalulekile siyatholakala, kodwa i-motherboard isekela umsebenzi we-adapter eyodwa kuphela yegrafu, kanti isikhangiso "esingeziwe" senza umsebenzi ohlukile kuphela;
• Wonke amakhadi wevidiyo kufanele akhiwe ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso esisodwa - i-NVIDIA noma i-AMD. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke bakwazi ukuxhumana nomunye futhi kuzoba nengxabano, okungaholela ekuqhumeni kwesistimu;
• Kumakhadi ehluzo, kuzomele kube nezixhumi ezikhethekile zokuxhuma ezinye i-adapters nabo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke uthole ukusebenza okungcono. Uma kunomunye umtshina onjalo kuphela kumakhadi, khona-ke i-adaptha eyodwa kuphela engaxhunyiwe; uma kunezimpendulo ezimbili, inani eliphezulu lamakhadi wevidiyo angeziwe likhuphukela ku-3, kanye ne-main one.

Kukhona omunye umthetho obalulekile ngokuphathelene nebhodi le-motherboard - kufanele kube nokusekelwa kwekhamera yekhredithi yekhadi lesikhamera - SLI noma i-CrossFire. Owokuqala yi-brainchild ka-NVIDIA, owesibili yi-AMD. Njengomthetho, kuma-motherboard amaningi, ikakhulukazi isabelomali nesigaba sonyaka sebhajethi, kukhona ukusekelwa eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma une-adapter ye-NVIDIA, futhi ufuna ukuthenga elinye ikhadi kusuka kumkhiqizi ofanayo, kodwa ibhodi le-motherboard lisekela ubuchwepheshe be-AMD kuphela, kuzodingeka ushintshe i-graph card eyinhloko ne-analog evela ku-AMD futhi uthenge owengeziwe kusuka kumkhiqizi ofanayo.

Akukhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi i-motherboard technology i-motherboard isekela - ikhadi elilodwa levidiyo kusuka kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizi lizosebenza kahle (uma lisahambisana nomseshi ophakathi), kodwa uma ufuna ukufaka amakhadi amabili, ungahle ube nezinkinga kuleli phuzu.

Ake sicabangele izinzuzo zamakhadi wevidiyo amaningana asebenza ngokubambisana:

• Ukwandisa umkhiqizo;
• Ngezinye izikhathi kunenzuzo kakhulu ukuthenga ikhadi elilodwa levidiyo (ngokwemigomo yezinga lentengo) kunokufaka entsha, enamandla kakhulu;
• Uma enye yamakhadi ehluleka, ikhompyutha izohlala isebenze ngokugcwele futhi izokwazi ukudonsa imidlalo enzima, noma ngabe izilungiselelo eziphansi.

Kukhona futhi ukungalungi:

• Izinkinga zokuhambisana. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ufaka amakhadi amabili wevidiyo, ukusebenza kungadala kakhulu;
• Ukuze usebenze ngokuqinile, udinga ukunikezwa ngamandla kwamandla nokupholisa okuhle, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokudluliswa kokushisa kwamakhadi amavidyo amaningana afakwe eduze kusanda kakhulu;
• Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo ozwakalayo ngenxa yezizathu ezivela iphuzu langaphambilini.

Uma uthenga ikhadi levidyo, qiniseka ukuthi uqhathanisa zonke izici zebhodi lebhodi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye ne-CPU ngezincomo zalolu hlobo. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthenga amamodeli lapho kutholakala khona isiqinisekiso esikhulu kakhulu, kusukela Le ngxenye yekhompuyutha ilawulwa yimithwalo esindayo futhi ingahluleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isikhathi sewaranti esijwayelekile sihluka ezinyangeni ezingu-12-24, kodwa mhlawumbe ngaphezulu.