Lapho usebenza ku-Excel, abasebenzisi ngezinye izikhathi bahlangana nomsebenzi wokukhetha ohlwini lwento ethize bese beka inani elibekiwe ngokusekelwe ohlwini lwayo. Lo msebenzi uphathwa ngokugcwele ngomsebenzi obizwa ngokuthi "Khetha". Masifunde ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi singasebenza kanjani nalena opharetha, futhi yiziphi izinkinga angakwazi ukusingatha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Operator Khetha
Umsebenzi UKUKHETHA kungokwesigaba se-opharetha "Izixhumanisi nezigaba". Inhloso yalo ukuthola i-value ethile esitokisini esicacisiwe, elihambisana nenombolo yenkomba kwenye into esetsheni. I-syntax yalesi sitatimende kanje:
= Khetha (inkomba_yinombolo; inani1; inani2; ...)
Ukuphikisana "Inombolo yenkomba" iqukethe isitoreji esitokisini lapho inombolo ye-ordinal ye-element isendaweni, lapho iqembu elilandelayo labaphakeli linikezwa inani elithile. Le nombolo yokulandelana ingahlukahluka 1 kuze kube 254. Uma ucacisa inkomba enkulu kunale nombolo, opharetha ubonisa iphutha esitokisini. Uma inani elincinci lifakwe njengengxabano enikeziwe, umsebenzi uzowubona njengenani eliphelele eliseduze nenombolo enikeziwe. Uma isethwe "Inombolo yenkomba"okungekho ukuphikisana okuhambelanayo "Value", opharetha uzobuyisela iphutha esitokisini.
Iqembu elilandelayo lezingxabano "Value". Angakwazi ukufinyelela inani 254 izinto. Kudingeka impikiswano. "Inani1". Kuleli qembu lezingxabano, chaza izindinganiso ezizohambisana nenombolo yenkomba yezingxabano zangaphambilini. Okungukuthi, uma kube ngxabano "Inombolo yenkomba" inombolo yomusa "3", khona-ke kuzohambisana nokubaluleka okufakwe njengengxabano "Value3".
Amagugu angaba izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha:
- Izixhumanisi;
- Izinombolo;
- Umbhalo;
- Amafomula;
- Imisebenzi, njll.
Manje ake sibheke izibonelo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwalena opharetha.
Isibonelo sokuqala: ukuhleleka okulandelanayo kwezakhi
Ake sibone ukuthi lo msebenzi usebenza kanjani esibonelweni esilula. Sinetafula ngokufaka inombolo kusuka 1 kuze kube 12. Kudingekile ngokusho ngezinombolo ze-serial usebenzisa umsebenzi UKUKHETHA bonisa igama lwenyanga ehambelanayo kukholomu yesibili yetafula.
- Khetha i-cell column yokuqala engenalutho. "Igama lenyanga". Chofoza kusithonjana "Faka umsebenzi" eduze kwe-bar bar.
- Qalisa Amakhosi omsebenzi. Iya kusigaba "Izixhumanisi nezigaba". Sikhetha ohlwini ohlwini igama "Khetha" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano ye-Operator iqala. UKUKHETHA. Ensimini "Inombolo yenkomba" Ikheli leseli lokuqala ngenyanga libala ibanga kufanele likhonjiswe. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngokufaka ngesandla ngezixhumanisi. Kodwa sizokwenza ngokulula kakhulu. Beka isikhombisi endle bese uchofoza inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele esitokisini esilandelayo kushidi. Njengoba ungabona, izixhumanisi ziboniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo emkhakheni wewindi lempikiswano.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka sikwazi ukushayela emaceleni emasimini "Value" igama lezinyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ngayinye kufanele ihambisane nenyanga ehlukile, okungukuthi, ensimini "Inani1" bhala phansi "Januwari"ensimini "Value2" - "February" nokunye
Ngemuva kokuqedela lo msebenzi, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
- Njengoba ubona, ngokushesha esitokisini esasiqaphele esenzweni sokuqala, umphumela waboniswa, okungukuthi igama "Januwari"ehambelana nenombolo yokuqala yenyanga yonyaka.
- Manje, ungangeni ngesandla ufake ifomula kuwo wonke amaseli asele ekholomu "Igama lenyanga", kufanele sikukopishe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka isikhombisi ekhoneni elingaphansi lesokudla leseli elinefomula. Uphawu lokugcwalisa luvela. Gwema inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uhudula isibambo sokugcwalisa phansi ekugcineni kwekholomu.
- Njengoba ubona, ifomula likopishwe ebangeni elifunayo. Kulesi simo, wonke amagama ezinyanga ezivela kumaseli ahambisana nenombolo yabo e-ordinal kusukela kukholomu kuya kwesobunxele.
Isifundo: I-Excel umsebenzi wizard
Isibonelo sesi-2: ukulandelana okungahambisani kwezakhi
Esikhathini esidlule, sisebenzise ifomula UKUKHETHAlapho zonke izinombolo zenkomba zihlelwe ngokuhlelekile. Kodwa lesi sitatimende sisebenza kanjani uma amanani acacisiwe ehlanganisiwe futhi ephindaphindiwe? Ake sibheke lokhu ngesibonelo setafula ngokusebenza kwabafundi besikole. Ikholomu yokuqala yetafula ibonisa igama lokugcina lomfundi, ukuhlolwa kwesibili (kusuka 1 kuze kube 5 amaphuzu), futhi okwesithathu kufanele sisebenzise lo msebenzi UKUKHETHA unikeza lo mkhuba isici esifanele ("kubi kakhulu", "okubi", "okwanelisayo", "okuhle", "kakhulu").
- Khetha iseli lokuqala kukholomu. "Incazelo" futhi uhambe ngosizo lendlela, eyayivele ikhulunywe ngenhla, efasiteleni lama-opharetha opharetha UKUKHETHA.
Ensimini "Inombolo yenkomba" ucacise isixhumanisi esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Ukuhlola"equkethe amaphuzu.
Iqembu leqembu "Value" gcwalisa indlela elandelayo:
- "Inani1" - "Okubi kakhulu";
- "Value2" - "Okubi";
- "Value3" - "Awanelisi";
- "Value4" - "Kuhle";
- "Value5" - "Kuhle kakhulu".
Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwedatha engenhla, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iphuzu lesici sokuqala iboniswa kuseli.
- Ukuze senze inqubo efanayo yezingxenye ezisele zekholomu, sikopisha idatha kumaseli ayo usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, njengoba lwenziwa Indlela 1. Njengoba ubona, ngalesi sikhathi lo msebenzi usebenze kahle futhi uphume yonke imiphumela ngokuhambisana ne-algorithm ecacisiwe.
Isibonelo sesi-3: sebenzisa ngokubambisana namanye ama-opharetha
Kodwa opharetha okhiqiza kakhulu UKUKHETHA ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana neminye imisebenzi. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani ngesibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi UKUKHETHA futhi SUM.
Kukhona itafula lokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yizitolo. Ihlukaniswe ngamakholomu amane, ngalinye elihambelana nendawo ethile. Imbuyiselo iboniswa ngokwehlukana komugqa wosuku oluthile ngomugqa. Umsebenzi wethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi emva kokungena kwinombolo yesitokisi esitokisini esithile sekhasi, inani lemali engenayo kuzo zonke izinsuku zokusebenza kwesitolo ecacisiwe kuboniswa. Kulokhu sizosebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-opharetha SUM futhi UKUKHETHA.
- Khetha iseli lapho umphumela uzoboniswa njengesamba. Ngemuva kwalokho, chofoza isithonjana esivele sijwayele kithi. "Faka umsebenzi".
- Iwindi elisebenzayo Amakhosi omsebenzi. Lesi sikhathi sithuthela esigabeni "Isibalo". Thola bese ukhetha igama "SUMM". Emva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- I-window ye-arguments function iqala. SUM. Lo opharetha usetshenziselwa ukubala inani lezinombolo kumaseli eshidi. I-syntax yayo ilula kakhulu futhi iqondile:
= SUM (inombolo1; inombolo2; ...)Okungukuthi, izingxabano zalokhu opharetha ngokuvamile ziba izinombolo, noma, kaningi, ukubhekisela kwamaseli lapho izinombolo kufanele zifingqwe khona. Kodwa kithi, impikiswano eyodwa ngeke ibe inombolo noma isixhumanisi, kodwa okuqukethwe komsebenzi UKUKHETHA.
Setha isikhombisi emkhakheni "Number1". Bese uchofoza isithonjana, esichazwa njengonxantathu ephikisiwe. Lesi sithonjana sisebuseni olufanayo olungezansi njengenkinobho. "Faka umsebenzi" futhi ibha yefomula, kodwa ngakwesobunxele babo. Uhlu lwemisebenzi esanda kusetshenziswa luvuleka. Kusukela le formula UKUKHETHA esanda kusetshenziswe yindlela eledlule, kuluhlu. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukuchofoza leli gama ukuya ewindini lempikiswano. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ube negama ohlwini. Kulokhu, udinga ukuchofoza endaweni "Ezinye izici ...".
- Qalisa Amakhosi omsebenzilapho kusigaba "Izixhumanisi nezigaba" kufanele sithole igama "Khetha" futhi uyiqokomise. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ifasitelana lokuphikisana lomsebenzisi livuliwe. UKUKHETHA. Ensimini "Inombolo yenkomba" ucacise ukuxhumanisa esitokisini leshidi, lapho singene khona inombolo ye-outlet ukuze kuboniswe ukulandelwa kwenani lemali engenayo.
Ensimini "Inani1" kudingeka ufake izixhumanisi zekholomu "Ukudayiswa oku-1". Yenze kube lula kakhulu. Setha isikhombisi kunsimu ecacisiwe. Khona-ke, ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele, khetha yonke ibanga leseli lekholomu "Ukudayiswa oku-1". Ikheli liboniswa masinyane emawindini e-arguments.
Ngokufanayo nasensimini "Value2" engeza izixhumanisi zekholomu "Ukudayiswa oku-2"ensimini "Value3" - "Ukudayiswa okungu-3"futhi ensimini "Value4" - "Ukudayiswa okungu-4".
Ngemva kokwenza lezi zenzo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Kodwa, njengoba sibona, ifomula ibonisa inani elingalungile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi asikazanga ukungena kwinombolo yesitokisi kuseli elifanele.
- Faka inombolo yecala esitokisini esikhethiwe. Inani lemali yekholomu elihambelanayo lizovela ngokushesha esakhiweni sephepha lapho ifomula isethiwe khona.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ungakwazi kuphela ukufaka izinombolo kusuka ku-1 ukuya kwezingu-4, okuzohambisana nenombolo ye-outlet. Uma ufaka noma iyiphi enye inombolo, ifomula iphinda inikeze iphutha.
Isifundo: Indlela yokubala inani ku-Excel
Njengoba ungabona, umsebenzi UKUKHETHA uma isetshenziswe kahle, ingaba umsizi omuhle kakhulu kwimisebenzi. Uma lisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa namanye ama-opharetha, amathuba akhuliswa kakhulu.
