Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha uqala kusukela phakathi nekhulu lokugcina. Ema-forties, ososayensi baqala ukuhlolisisa amathuba okusebenzisa i-electronics futhi badala amasampula okuhlola amadivaysi amaka ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.
Isihloko sekhompiyutha yokuqala sihlukaniswe ngokwazo ngokufakwa okufakiwe, okwakubonakala kuzo zonke izikhathi ezifanayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Idivayisi Mark 1, eyadalwa IBM noHoward Aiken, yakhululwa ngo-1941 e-United States futhi yasetshenziswa abamele iNavy.
Ngokufanayo noMarku 1, idivayisi ye-Atanasoff-Berry Computer yasungulwa. UJohn Vincent Atanasov, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-1939, nguye owabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwawo. Ikhompiyutha ephelele yakhishwa ngo-1942.
Lezi amakhompiyutha zazikhulu kakhulu futhi zazinzima, ngakho zazingasetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu. Khona-ke, kwiminyaka engamashumi amane, abantu abambalwa bacabanga ukuthi amanye amadivaysi ahlakaniphile azoba ngabanye futhi avele emakhaya wonke umuntu.
Ikhompyutha yokuqala yokuqala i-Altair-8800, eyakhishwa emuva ngo-1975. Le divayisi yenziwe yi-MITS, eyayise-Albuquerque. Noma yiliphi i-American lingakwazi ukuthenga ibhokisi elihle nelincane kakhulu, ngoba lithengiswa ngama-dollar angu-397 kuphela. Kuyiqiniso, abasebenzisi kwakudingeka bazilethele ngokuzimela le PC ukuze isimo sisebenze ngokugcwele.
Ngo-1977, umhlaba ufunda ngokukhululwa kwekhompuyutha ye-Apple II. Le gadget yahlukaniswa izici zayo zokuguqula ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke yangena emlandweni wemboni. Ngaphakathi kwe-Apple II, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola inqubo yeprojector enevaysi ye-1 MHz, i-4 KB ye-RAM, nokuningi ngokomzimba. Ukuqapha kwikhompyutha yomuntu siqu kwakumbala futhi kunesiphakamiso sama-pixel angu-280x192.
Okunye okungabizi kakhulu ku-Apple II kwakuyi-TRS-80 evela eTandy. Le divayisi inomqapha omnyama nomhlophe, i-4 KB ye-RAM kanye nemvamisa yeprosesa ye-1.77 MHz. Yiqiniso, ukuthandwa komuntu siqu ikhompuyutha yakhe kungenxa yemisebe ephakeme yamagagasi ashukumise ukusebenza komsakazo. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholakala kwezobuchwepheshe, ukudayiswa kwakumiswa okwesikhashana.
Ngo-1985 uhamba kahle u-Amiga. Le khompuyutha ifakwe izakhi eziningi ezikhiqizayo: iprosesa ye-7.14 MHz kusuka ku-Motorola, 128 KB ye-RAM, isilonda esisekela imibala engu-16, kanye nesistimu yayo yokusebenza ye-AmigaOS.
Kule minyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, izinkampani ngabanye kancane kancane zaqala ukukhiqiza amakhompyutha ngaphansi kohlobo lwabo. Imihlangano ye-PC yomuntu siqu kanye nokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo isakazekile. Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithandwayo kakhulu eminyakeni engu-90 ubudala ekuqaleni kuka-DOS 6.22, lapho umphathi wefayela lase-Norton Commander ejwayele ukufakwa khona. Ukusondela ku-zero kuma-computer e-Windows aqala ukuvela.
Ikhompiyutha ejwayelekile yama-2000s ifana namamodeli wanamuhla. Umuntu onjalo uqhathaniswa nomqapheli we-"fat" we-4: 3 format kanye nesinqumo esingaphezulu kuka-800x600, kanye nemibuthano emabhokisini amancanyana kakhulu namancane. Kulesi simiso kuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola izinkomba, amadivaysi e-floppy disks kanye nezinkinobho zakudala bese uqala kabusha.
Kuseduze nanamanje, amakhompiyutha ahlukene ahlukaniswe imishini yokudlala kuphela, amadivaysi ehhovisi noma intuthuko. Abantu abaningi baya emasontweni kanye nokuklama kwemigqa yabo yokuvimbela njengokungathi beyidala ngempela. Amanye amakhompyutha, njengezindawo zokusebenzela, nje ajabule imibono yabo!
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhompiyutha abo akumi. Akekho ongachaza ngokunembile ukuthi ama-PC azobukeka kanjani esikhathini esizayo. Ukwethulwa kweqiniso langempela kanye nentuthuko jikelele yezobuchwepheshe izosithinta ukubonakala kwamadivayisi ethu ajwayelekile. Kodwa kanjani? Ibonisa isikhathi.
