Uma udala amathebula ngolwazi oluthile lwedatha, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ikhalenda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abasebenzisi bafuna ukuyidala, bayiprinte futhi bayisebenzise ngezinhloso zasekhaya. Uhlelo lwe-Microsoft Office likuvumela ukuba ufake ikhalenda etafuleni noma eshidi ngezindlela eziningana. Ake sithole ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani.
Dala amakhalenda ahlukahlukene
Wonke amakhalenda adalwe ku-Excel angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: ahlanganisa isikhathi esithile (isibonelo, unyaka) futhi angapheli, okuzozivuselela ngokwabo ngosuku olukhona. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokudalwa kwazo zihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ithempulethi eyenziwe ngomumo.
Indlela 1: yakha ikhalenda yonyaka
Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi ungakha kanjani ikhalenda lonyaka othile.
- Sihlakulela uhlelo, ukuthi luzobukeka kanjani, lapho luzobekwa khona, yikuphi ukuma okuzoba khona (indawo yezwe noma i-portrait), sinqume ukuthi izinsuku zangeviki (ngakwesokunene noma ngaphezulu) zizobhalwa futhi zixazulule ezinye izinkinga zenhlangano.
- Ukuze wenze ikhalenda inyanga eyodwa, khetha indawo enamaseli ayisithupha ekuphakameni namaseli angu-7 ububanzi, uma unquma ukubhala izinsuku zeviki phezulu. Uma ubhala kubo ngakwesokunxele, ke, ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukuba ngaphakathi kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza ibhande ebhokisini "Imingcele"etholakala ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ifonti". Ohlu oluvela, khetha into "Yonke Imingcele".
- Hlanganisa ububanzi nokuphakama kwamaseli ukuze bathathe isimo se square. Ukuze usethe ukuphakama kokuchofoza komugqa kusinqamuleli sekhibhodi Ctrl + A. Ngakho, lonke ishidi ligqanyisiwe. Bese sibiza imenyu yokuqukethwe ngokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele. Khetha into "Ukuphakama komugqa".
Ifasitela ivula lapho okudingeka ubeke khona ukuphakama komugqa okudingekayo. Uma wenza lokhu okokuqala futhi ungazi ukuthi isayizi ukufaka ini, bese ufaka 18. Bese ucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
Manje udinga ukusetha ububanzi. Chofoza iphaneli, ekhombisa amagama ekholomu ezincwadini zezinhlamvu zesiLatini. Emenyu evelayo, khetha into Ububanzi bekholomu.
Ewindini evula, setha usayizi oyifunayo. Uma ungazi ukuthi usayizi ukufaka ini, ungafaka inombolo 3. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Ngemva kwalokho, amaseli eshidi azoba square.
- Manje ngaphezu kwephethini ehlanganisiwe sidinga ukugcina indawo yegama lenyanga. Khetha amangqamuzana angaphezu komugqa wezinto zokuqala zekhalenda. Kuthebhu "Ikhaya" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ukuqondanisa" cindezela inkinobho "Hlanganisa futhi ubeke phakathi".
- Bhalisa izinsuku zesonto emgqeni wokuqala wezinto zekhalenda. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-autocomplete. Futhi, ngokwengqondo yakho, fometha amaseli ale tafula elincane ukuze kungadingeki ukuba ulifomathile inyanga ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Isibonelo, ungagcwalisa ikholomu yamaSonto ngokubomvu, futhi wenze umbhalo womugqa lapho amagama ezinsuku zesonto avela ngesibindi.
- Kopisha izinto zekhalenda ezinye izinyanga ezimbili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikhohlwa ukuthi iseli elihlanganisiwe ngaphezu kwezakhi lizofaka futhi indawo yekhophi. Sifaka emgqeni owodwa ukuze phakathi kwezinto kukhona ibanga linye iseli.
- Manje khetha zonke lezi zakhi ezintathu, bese uzikopisha phansi eminye imigqa emithathu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nesamba sezingxenye ezingu-12 ngenyanga ngayinye. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa, yenza amaseli amabili (uma usebenzisa i-portrait orientation) noma eyodwa (uma usebenzisa ukuma kwezwe).
- Khona-ke, kuseli elihlanganisiwe, sibhala igama lenyanga ngaphezu kwesifanekiso sekhalenda lokuqala - "Januwari". Ngemuva kwalokho, sinikezela isici ngasinye esilandelayo igama layo lenyanga.
- Esigabeni sokugcina sibeka usuku emasethini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ophelile ngokuzenzakalelayo, isifundo esinikezwa isifundo esihlukile.
Ngemuva kwalokho, singacabanga ukuthi ikhalenda ilungile, nakuba ungayifaka ngokwengeziwe ngokuqonda kwakho.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ku-Excel
Indlela 2: Yakha ikhalenda usebenzisa ifomula
Kodwa, noma kunjalo, indlela yangaphambilini yokudalwa inezinto eziphawulekayo: kuyodingeka kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunendlela yokufaka ikhalenda ku-Excel usebenzisa ifomula. Izobuyekezwa njalo ngonyaka. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani.
- Esitokisini sangakwesokunxele seshidi sifaka umsebenzi:
= "Ikhalenda ye" & YEAR (NAMUHLA ()) & "unyaka"
Ngakho-ke, sakha isihloko sekhalenda ngomnyaka wamanje. - Sidonsa izifanekiso zezingxenye zekhalenda njalo ngenyanga, njengoba nje senza ngendlela eyedlule ngezinguquko ezihambisana nobukhulu beseli. Ungakwazi ukufometha ngokushesha lezi zakhi: gcwalisa, ifonti, njll.
- Endaweni lapho igama lenyanga "uJanuwari" kufanele liboniswe khona, faka ifomula elandelayo:
= DATE (YEAR (Namuhla ()); 1; 1)
Kodwa, njengoba sibona, endaweni lapho igama lenyanga kuphela kufanele liboniswe, usuku lubekwe. Ukuze ulethe ifomethi yeseli kwifomu oyifunayo, chofoza kukho inkinobho yegundane efanele. Kumenyu yesimo, khetha into "Fometha amaseli ...".
Ewindini lefomathi yesifthiwe evuliwe, iya kuthebhu "Inombolo" (uma iwindi livuliwe kwenye ithebhu). Ku-block "Amafomu Amanani" khetha into "Usuku". Ku-block "Thayipha" khetha inani "Mashi". Ungakhathazeki, lokhu akusho ukuthi igama elithi "Mashi" lizoba esitokisini, ngoba lokhu kuyisibonelo nje. Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Njengoba ungabona, igama elihlokweni lento yekhalenda lishintshile kuze kube "ngoJanuwari". Faka enye ifomula ibe yinhlokweni ye-element elandelayo:
= DATAMES (B4; 1)
Esikhathini sethu, i-B4 yileli kheli leseli elibizwa ngokuthi "uJanuwari". Kodwa esimweni ngasinye, izixhumanisi zingase zihluke. Esikhathini esilandelayo sesivele singabhekisele ku "January", kepha "ngoFebruwari", njll. Sifometha amangqamuzana ngendlela efanayo nasendabeni yangaphambilini. Manje sinamagama ezinyanga kuzo zonke izakhi zekhalenda. - Kudingeka sigcwalise inkundla yosuku. Khetha ezintweni zekhalenda ngoJanuwari wonke amaseli ahloselwe ukufaka izinsuku. Emgqeni we-Formule siyadlulisela kule nkulumo elandelayo:
= DATE (YEAR (D4); MONTH (D4); 1-1) - (DAYNED (DATE (YEAR (D4); MONTH (D4); 1-1)) - 1) + {0: 1: 2: 3 : 4: 5: 6} * 7 + {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7}
Sicindezela inhlanganisela eyinhloko ekhibhodi Ctrl + Shift + Faka. - Kodwa, njengoba sibona, amasimu agcwele izinombolo ezingaqondakali. Ukuze bathathe ifomu esiyidingayo. Sifometha ngedethi, njengoba kwenziwa ngaphambili. Kodwa manje ku-block "Amafomu Amanani" khetha inani "Zonke amafomethi". Ku-block "Thayipha" ifomethi kufanele ifake ngesandla. Bafaka incwadi nje "D". Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Sishayela amafomu afanayo ezinkathini zekhalenda ezinye izinyanga. Manje kuphela esikhundleni sekheli le-cell D4 kufomula, kuzodingeka ubeke phansi izixhumanisi negama leseli lenyanga ehambelana nayo. Khona-ke, senza ukufometha ngendlela efanayo exoxwe ngenhla.
- Njengoba ungabona, indawo yamalanga ekhalendeni ayilungile. Ngenyanga eyodwa kufanele ibe ngezinsuku ezingu-28 kuya kwezingu-31 (kuye ngokuthi inyanga). Siphinde sibe nesigaba ngasinye izinombolo ezivela ngenyanga eyedlule nangenyanga ezayo. Kudingeka zisuswe. Ngalokhu, sebenzisa ukufometha okunemibandela.
Senza ebhokisini lekhalenda likaJanuwari ukukhethwa kwamaseli aqukethe izinombolo. Chofoza kusithonjana "Ukufometha okunemibandela"efakwe kuthebhu lebhebhoni "Ikhaya" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Izitayela". Kulolu hlu oluvela, khetha inani "Dala umthetho".
Iwindi lokudala umthetho wokufometha okunemibandela kuqala. Khetha uhlobo "Sebenzisa ifomula ukunquma amaseli afomethiwe". Faka ifomula ensimini ehambelanayo:
= KANYE (MONTH (D6) 1 + 3 * (PRIVATE (STRING (D6) -5; 9)) + EPHAMBILI (COLUMN (D6); 9))
I-D6 iyinhlangano yokuqala yesigaba esabiwe esinezinsuku. Esimweni ngasinye, ikheli layo lingashintsha. Bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Fometha".
Ewindini evula, iya kuthebhu "Ifonti". Ku-block "Umbala" khetha umbala omhlophe noma wesizinda uma unemvelaphi enemibala yekhalenda. Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
Ukubuyela ewindini lokudala indalo, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Sisebenzisa indlela efanayo, senza ukufometha okunemibandela okuhlobene nezinye izakhi zekhalenda. Kuphela esikhundleni se-cell D6 kufomula, kuzodingeka ucacise ikheli lensiza yokuqala ebangeni kuleso sici esilandelayo.
- Njengoba ubona, izinombolo ezingabanjwanga enyangeni ehambelanayo zihlangene ngemuva. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngempelasonto nazo zihlangene naye. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso, ngoba sizogcwalisa amaseli ezinombalwa zamaholide obomvu. Sakhetha izindawo ebhodini likaJanuwari, izinombolo eziwela ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikhipha lezo zindawo lapho idatha ifihliwe khona ngokufometha, njengoba ihlobene nenyanga ehlukile. Ithebhu yethebhu "Ikhaya" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ifonti" chofoza kusithonjana Umbala ogcwalisayo bese ukhetha obomvu.
Senza ukufana okufanayo nezinye izakhi zekhalenda.
- Yenza ukhetho lwosuku lwamanje ekhalendeni. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka siphinde senze ukufometha okunemibandela yazo zonke izakhi zetafula. Lesi sikhathi khetha uhlobo lolawulo. "Fometha amaseli kuphela aqukethe". Njengesimo, sibeka inani le-cell elingana nosuku lwamanje. Ukwenza lokhu, shayela kumfomu wefomu efanele (okuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi).
= NAMUHLA ()
Efomini yokugcwalisa, khetha noma imuphi umbala ohlukile kwesizinda esivamile, isibonelo, oluhlaza. Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
Emva kwalokho, iseli elihambelana nenombolo yamanje lizobe liluhlaza.
- Setha igama elithi "Ikhalenda lika-2017" phakathi kwekhasi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha yonke umugqa onale nkulumo. Sicindezela inkinobho "Hlanganisa futhi ubeke phakathi" kwi-tape. Leli gama lokubonakala jikelele lingabuyekezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwekhalenda "lokuphakade" usuphelile, nakuba ungasichitha isikhathi eside kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezithokozi, uhlela ukubukeka kwakho ukunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhetha ngokwahlukana, isibonelo, amaholide.
Isifundo: Ukufometha okunemibandela ku-Excel
Indlela yesithathu: sebenzisa ithempulethi
Labo abasebenzisi abasenayo i-Excel ngokungenasici noma abafuni ukuchitha isikhathi ukudala ikhalenda eliyingqayizivele bangasebenzisa ithempulethi eyenziwe ngomumo elandwe kusuka ku-Intanethi. Kukhona amaphethini ambalwa kakhulu kunethiwekhi, hhayi kuphela inombolo, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene zinkulu. Ungabathola ngokumane uthayiphe umbuzo ohambelana kunoma iyiphi injini yokusesha. Isibonelo, ungacacisa umbuzo olandelayo: "ikhalenda ye-Excel yekhalenda".
Qaphela: Kuzinguqulo zakamuva ze-Microsoft Office, ukukhethwa okukhulu kwamathempulethi (kufaka phakathi amakhalenda) kuhlanganiswe kwi-software. Zonke zikhonjiswa ngokuqondile lapho zivula uhlelo (hhayi idokhumenti ethile) futhi, ukuze kube lula kokusebenzisa umsebenzisi, zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezenzakalweni. Kulapha ukuthi ungakhetha ithemplate efanelekile, futhi uma kungatholakali, ungayilanda njalo kusayithi elisemthethweni le-Office.com.
Eqinisweni, ithempulethi enjalo ikhalenda eyenziwe ngomumo, lapho kuzodingeka khona ukuthi ufake izinsuku zeholide, izinsuku zokuzalwa noma ezinye izenzakalo ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ikhalenda elinjalo isifanekiso esinikezwa esithombeni ngezansi. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa ithebula.
Ungakwazi ukusebenzisa inkinobho yokugcwalisa kuthebhu "Ekhaya" ugcwalise imibala ehlukene amangqamuzana anemihla, kuye ngokubaluleka kwawo. Eqinisweni, yilapho yonke imisebenzi enekhalenda enjalo ingacatshangwa igcwele futhi ungaqala ukuyisebenzisa.
Sithole ukuthi ikhalenda e-Excel ingenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala kuhilela ukwenza cishe zonke izenzo zencwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhalenda eyenziwe ngale ndlela izobuyiselwa njalo ngonyaka. Indlela yesibili isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamafomula. Ikuvumela ukuba udale ikhalenda ezobuyiselwa ngokwayo. Kodwa, ngokusetshenziswa kwalendlela ngendlela yokusebenza, udinga ukuba nesisekelo esikhulu solwazi kunokuba usebenzisa okokuqala. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuyoba ulwazi emkhakheni wokusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo njengokufometha okunemibandela. Uma ulwazi lwakho ku-Excel lungaphansi, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ithempulethi eyenziwe ngomumo elayishiwe kusuka ku-intanethi.
