Indlela yokususa i-watermark ku-Microsoft Word

Uhlu lokubala luyingxenye yezenzo ezithandwa kakhulu kwizibalo. Kodwa lokhu kubalwa akusetshenziswanga kuphela kwisayensi. Senza njalo, ngaphandle kokucabanga, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Isibonelo, ukuze ubale ushintsho ekuthengeni esitolo, ukubalwa kokuthola umehluko emkhatsini wemali umthengi anikeze umthengisi kanye nenani lezimpahla lisetshenziswa futhi. Ake sibone ukuthi singakanani ukubala umehluko ku-Excel uma usebenzisa amafomethi ehlukene e-data.

Uhlu lokubala

Ngokucabangela ukuthi i-Excel isebenza ngamafomethi ehlukile wedatha, uma kususa inani elilodwa kolunye, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zefomula ezisetshenzisiwe. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, konke kunganciphisa luhlobo olulodwa:

X = A-B

Futhi manje ake sibheke ukuthi amanani amafomethi ahlukene asusiwe: izinombolo, imali, usuku nesikhathi.

Indlela 1: Khipha izinombolo

Masinyane masicabangele ukuhluka okujwayelekile kakhulu kokubala umehluko, okungukuthi ukususwa kwamanani wenombolo. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, i-Excel ingasebenzisa ifomula evamile yezibalo ngesibonakaliso "-".

1. Uma udinga ukwenza ukukhishwa okuvamile kwezinombolo, usebenzisa i-Excel, njenge-calculator, bese usetha uphawu esitokisini "=". Khona-ke ngokushesha emva kwaloluphawu kufanele ubhale phansi inombolo ukuba incishiswe kusuka kwikhibhodi, faka uphawu "-"bese ubhala i-deductible. Uma eziningana zikhishwa, kuzomele udinge futhi uphawu "-" bese ubhala inombolo edingekayo. Inqubo yokushintsha isibonakaliso sezibalo kanye nezinombolo kufanele iqhutshwe kuze kube yilapho yonke imali esetshenzisiwe ingena. Isibonelo, kusuka 10 susa 5 futhi 3, udinga ukubhala ifomula elandelayo kwisici sephepha le-Excel:

   =10-5-3

   Ngemva kokurekhoda inkulumo, ukubonisa umphumela wokubala, chofoza ukhiye Ngena.



2. Njengoba ubona, umphumela uboniswa. Ilingana nenombolo 2.

Kodwa kaningi kakhulu, inqubo yokukhipha i-Excel isetshenziswa phakathi kwezinombolo ezibekwa emafelini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-algorithm yesenzo sembalo ngokwayo ayishintshi, kodwa manje esikhundleni sezinkulumo zamanani ezikhonjiwe, okusetshenziswe kwamaseli asetshenziswayo, lapho kutholakala khona. Umphumela uboniswa esakhiweni esithile seshidi, lapho uphawu lusethiwe khona "=".

Ake sibone indlela yokubala umehluko phakathi kwezinombolo. 59 futhi 26etholakala ngokulandelana ezakhiweni zeshidi ngezixhumanisi A3 futhi C3.

1. Khetha into engenalutho yencwadi, lapho sihlela khona ukubonisa umphumela wokubala umehluko. Sifaka kuso uphawu "=". Ngemuva kokuchofoza kuseli A3. Beka uhlamvu "-". Okulandelayo, chofoza into yetshe. C3. Esikhathini seshidi ukuze sibonise umphumela, ifomu lefomu elilandelayo kufanele livele:

   = A3-C3

   Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, ukubonisa umphumela esikrinini, chofoza inkinobho. Ngena.



2. Njengoba ubona, kulokhu, ukubalwa kwenziwa ngempumelelo. Umphumela wokubala ulingana nenombolo 33.

Kodwa eqinisweni, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukwenza ukususa, lapho kokubili izindinganiso zamanani kanye nezinkomba zamaseli lapho zikhona khona zizobamba iqhaza. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane futhi ubonise, isibonelo, ifomu elilandelayo:

= A3-23-C3-E3-5

Isifundo: Indlela yokukhipha inombolo kusuka ku-Excel

Indlela 2: ifomethi yemali

Ukubalwa kwamanani emfashini wezimali akusho neze okuhlukile kunombolo eyodwa. Izindlela ezifanayo zisetshenzisiwe, ngoba, ngokubanzi, le fomethi enye yezinketho zenombolo. Umehluko kuphela wukuthi ekupheleni kwamanani ahilelekile ekubaleni, uphawu lwemali lwemali ethize lubekiwe.

1. Eqinisweni, ungakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza, njengokukhipha okujwayelekile kwezinombolo, bese ufaka kuphela umphumela wokugcina wefomethi yezimali. Ngakho, senza isibalo. Isibonelo, susa ukusuka 15 inombolo 3.



2. Ngemuva kokuchofoza ku-element yekhasi equkethe umphumela. Emenyu, khetha inani "Fometha amaseli ...". Esikhundleni sokubiza imenyu yomongo, ungafaka isicelo ngemuva kokucindezela okhiye Ctrl + 1.



3. Uma enye yalezi zikhetho ezimbili isetshenzisiwe, ifasitela lokufometha liqalisiwe. Hambisa kusigaba "Inombolo". Eqenjini "Amafomu Amanani" inketho yenothi "Imali". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasimu akhethekile azovela ngakwesokudla kwesikhombimsebenzisi sewindi lapho ungakhetha uhlobo lwemali nenani lezindawo zedesimali. Uma une Windows ngokujwayelekile kanye ne-Microsoft Office ikakhulukazi yendawo ngaphansi kweRussia, bese ngokuzenzakalelayo kufanele ibe kukholomu "Ukuqokwa" uphawu lwe-ruble, nasenombolo ye-decimal yedatha "2". Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zilungiselelo akudingeki zishintshwe. Kodwa, uma usadingeka ukuba ubalwe ku-dollar noma ngaphandle kwezindawo zamadesimali, kuzomele wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo.

   Ukulandela ukuthi zonke izinguquko ezidingekayo zenziwe kanjani, sichofoza "Kulungile".



4. Njengoba ungabona, umphumela wokususa esitokisini waguqulwa waba yifomethi yezimali nenani elinqunyiwe lezindawo zedesimali.

Kukhona enye inketho yokufometha umphumela wokukhipha ophumela ngenxa yesakhiwo semali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwi-ribbon kuthebhu "Ikhaya" chofoza kunxantathu ngakwesokunene kwendawo yokubonisa yesakhiwo samanje esele kuqembu lesithuluzi "Inombolo". Kusukela kuhlu oluvula, khetha ukhetho "Imali". Amanani wezinombolo azoguqulwa abe yimali. Kuyiqiniso kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukukhetha imali kanye nenani lezindawo zedesimali. Ukuhluka okusethwe ohlelweni ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzosetshenziselwa, noma kulungiselelwe ngefasitela lokufometha elichazwe ngathi ngenhla.

Uma ubala umehluko emkhatsini wamanani emasethini asevele afomatiwe ngefomethi yemali, ngakho-ke akudingekile nakancane ukufometha isici seshidi ukubonisa umphumela. Izofometha ngokuzenzakalelayo kufomethi efanelekile ngemuva kokuba ifomula ingeniswe ngezixhumanisi ezakhiweni eziqukethe inombolo ezokhishwa futhi zisuswe, kanye nokuchofoza inkinobho Ngena.

Isifundo: Ungashintsha kanjani ifomethi yeseli ku-Excel

Indlela 3: Izinsuku

Kodwa ukubalwa kohlobo losuku kunama-nuances abalulekile ahluke kuzinketho zangaphambilini.

1. Uma sidinga ukukhipha inombolo ethile yezinsuku kusukela ngosuku oluchazwe kwesinye sezici eshadini, khona-ke kuqala kokusetha uphawu "=" esakhiweni lapho umphumela wokugcina uzoboniswa khona. Ngemuva kokuchofoza lokho okushiwo ishidi, eliqukethe usuku. Ikheli lalo likhonjiswa ku-element okukhipha futhi kubha yefomula. Okulandelayo, faka uphawu "-" futhi uhambise inani lezinsuku kusuka kukhibhodi okufanele lithathwe. Ukuze senze ukuchofoza sichofoza Ngena.



2. Umphumela uboniswa esitokisini esiboniswe ngathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifomethi yayo iguqulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwifomethi yosuku. Ngakho, sithola usuku oluboniswe ngokugcwele.

Kukhona nesimo esivumelanayo lapho udinga ukususa omunye kusukela ngosuku olulodwa bese unquma umehluko phakathi kwabo ezinsukwini.

1. Setha uphawu "=" esitokisini lapho umphumela uzoboniswa khona. Ngemuva kwalokho sichofoza kwisici sephepha lapho usuku olulandelayo luqukethe khona. Ngemuva kokuthi ikheli layo liboniswe kwifomula, faka uphawu "-". Sichofoza kuseli eliqukethe usuku lokuqala. Bese sichofoza Ngena.



2. Njengoba ubona, uhlelo lubala ngokunembile inani lezinsuku phakathi kwezinsuku ezicacisiwe.

Futhi, umehluko phakathi kwezinsuku ungabalwa usebenzisa umsebenzi RAZNAT. Kuhle ngoba ikuvumela ukuba uvumelane nosizo lwengxabano eyengeziwe, lapho amayunithi wokukala umehluko azoboniswa: izinyanga, izinsuku, njll. Ukungahleleki kwalendlela ukuthi ukusebenza nemisebenzi kunzima nakakhulu kunamafomula avamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, opharetha RAZNAT hhayi ohlwini Amakhosi omsebenzingakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kufakwe ngesandla usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:

= I-RAZNAT (qala_kuqala; ekugcineni_kudatshulwa; iyunithi)

"Usuku Lokuqala" - impikiswano emele usuku lokuqala noma isixhumanisi kuso, esesithombeni eshadini.

"Usuku Lokuphela" - Le ngxabano ngendlela yosuku oluzayo noma isixhumanisi kuso.

Ukuphikisana okuthakazelisayo kakhulu "Unit". Ngalo, ungakhetha ukhetho ukuthi umphumela uzoboniswa kanjani. Kungalungiswa ngokusebenzisa amanani alandelayo:

• "d" - umphumela uboniswa ezinsukwini;
• "m" - ezinyangeni ezigcwele;
• "y" - eminyakeni egcwele;
• "YD" - umehluko ezinsukwini (ngaphandle kweminyaka);
• "MD" - umehluko ezinsukwini (ngaphandle kwezinyanga neminyaka);
• "YM" - umehluko ezinyangeni.

Ngakho-ke, kithi, kudingeka ukubala umehluko ezinsukwini eziphakathi kukaMeyi 27 no-Mashi 14, 2017. Lezi zinsuku zikhona kumaseli anezixhumanisi B4 futhi D4, ngokulandelana. Sifaka isikhombisi kunoma yiliphi isici esingenalutho leshidi lapho sifuna ukubona imiphumela yokubala, bese ubhala ifomula elandelayo:

= I-RAZNAT (D4; B4; "d")

Chofoza Ngena futhi sithola umphumela wokugcina umahluko 74. Ngempela, phakathi kwalezi zinsuku kukhona izinsuku ezingu-74.

Uma kudingeka ukuba ususe amadethi afanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuwafaka emasethini eshidi, khona-ke kulokhu sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:

= RAZNAT ("03/14/2017"; "05/27/2017"; "d")

Futhi, cindezela inkinobho Ngena. Njengoba ubona, umphumela wendalo ngokufanayo, utholakala ngendlela ehlukile.

Isifundo: Inombolo yezinsuku phakathi kwezinsuku ku-Excel

Indlela 4: Isikhathi

Manje sifika ekutadisheni i-algorithm yenqubo yokukhipha isikhathi ku-Excel. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sisafana nesikhathi sokukhipha izinsuku. Kudingeka ukuthi ususe esikhathini esilandelayo.

1. Ngakho-ke, sibhekene nomsebenzi wokuthola ukuthi zingaki amaminithi adlule ukusuka ku-15: 13 kuya ku-22:55. Sibhala lezi zindinganiso zesikhathi ngamaseli ahlukene eshidi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngemuva kokufaka idatha, izakhi zeshidi zizofometha ngokuzenzakalelayo njengokuqukethwe uma zingafomathiwe ngaphambili. Uma kungenjalo, kuzomele zifakwe ngokwezifiso ngosuku. Esitokisini lapho kuboniswa inani lokukhipha, faka uphawu "=". Khona-ke sichofoza ku-element equkethe isikhathi esizayo (22:55). Ngemuva kokuthi ikheli liboniswe kwifomula, faka uphawu "-". Manje sichofoza kwisici eshadini lapho isikhathi sangaphambili sitholakala khona (15:13). Esikhathini sethu, sithole ifomula elandelayo:

   = C4-E4

   Ukuze sibale ngokuchofoza Ngena.



2. Kodwa, njengoba sibona, umphumela waboniswa kancane ngendlela esifisa ngayo. Sifuna kuphela umehluko ngamaminithi, futhi amahora angu-7 namaminithi angu-42 aboniswa.

   Ukuze uthole amaminithi, kufanele sikwandise umphumela wangaphambilini nge-coefficient 1440. Le coefficient itholakala ngokuphindaphinda inombolo yemizuzu ngehora (60) namahora ngosuku (24).

Ngakho, setha uhlamvu "=" esitokisini esingenalutho kushidi. Ngemuva kwalokho, chofoza kwisici sekhasi, lapho umehluko phakathi kokukhipha isikhathi yisikhathi (7:42). Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumanisi zeseli zikhonjiswe kwifomula, chofoza uphawu yande (*) kwikhibhodi, bese kuthi kuso siwuthatha inombolo 1440. Ukuze uthole umphumela sichofoza Ngena.



3. Kodwa, njengoba sibona, umphumela waphinde waboniswa ngokungalungile (0:00). Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi lapho ukwandisa isici sekhasi ngokuzenzakalelayo kufakwa kabusha kufomethi yesikhathi. Ukuze sibonise umehluko emaminithini, sidinga ukubuyisa ifomethi evamile kuyo.



4. Ngakho, khetha le seli bese kuthebhu "Ikhaya" chofoza kunxantathu ejwayelekile kakade kwesokudla kwenkambu yokubonisa ifomethi. Kuhlu olwenziwe, khetha ukhetho "Jikelele".

   

   Ungenza ngokuhlukile. Khetha into ecacisiwe yeshidi bese ucindezela okhiye. Ctrl + 1. Ifasitela lokufometha lisunguliwe, esesivele sibhekana nayo ngaphambili. Hambisa kuthebhu "Inombolo" futhi ohlwini lwamafomethi ezinombolo, khetha inketho "Jikelele". I-Klaatsay ku "Kulungile".



5. Ngemva kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi kwalokhu okukhethwa kukho, iseli lishintshwa kabusha kufomethi ejwayelekile. Ibonisa umehluko phakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe emaminithini. Njengoba ungabona, umehluko phakathi kuka-15: 13 no-22:55 ungama-462 amaminithi.

Isifundo: Indlela yokuguqula amahora amaminithi ku-Excel

Njengoba ubona, ama-nuances wokubala umehluko ku-Excel axhomeke kulolu datha umsebenzisi asebenza nalo. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, isimiso esijwayelekile sokufinyelela kulolu hlelo lwesibalo sisekhona. Kubalulekile ukususa omunye kusuka kwinombolo eyodwa. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngosizo lwamafomula ama-math, asetshenziselwa ukucabangela i-syntax ekhethekile ye-Excel, kanye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.