Enye yezinkinga abasebenzisi abahlangana nazo lapho basebenza namatafula ku-Microsoft Excel kuyiphutha "Kunamafomethi amaningi eselihlukene kakhulu". Kuvame kakhulu uma usebenza namathebula nge-.xls isandiso. Ake siqonde ukuthi yini le nkinga bese sithola ukuthi ingasombulula kanjani.
Bheka futhi: Indlela yokunciphisa usayizi wefayela ku-Excel
Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani iphutha, udinga ukwazi lokho okuyiyona nto. Iqiniso liwukuthi amafayela e-Excel ne-XLSX yokwandiswa kwesandiso somsebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye namafomethi angu-64000 kumadokhumenti, futhi nesandiso se-XLS - kuphela 4000. Uma lemingcele idlulile, leli phutha livela. Ifomethi iyinhlanganisela yezici ezihlukahlukene zokufometha:
- Imingcele;
- Gcwalisa;
- Ifonti;
- I-Histograms, njll.
Ngakho-ke, kungaba khona amafomethi amaningana esitokisini esisodwa ngesikhathi. Uma ukufometha ngokweqile kusetshenziselwa idokhumenti, lokhu kungabangela iphutha. Manje ake sibone indlela yokulungisa le nkinga.
Indlela 1: Londoloza ifayela nge-extension ye-XLSX
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, amadokhumenti anokwesekwa kwe-XLS ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esisodwa asebenza ngamayunithi amafomethi angu-4,000 kuphela. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ngokuvamile ngokuvamile leliphutha livela kubo. Ukuguqula le ncwadi kudokhumenti ye-XLSX yesimanje, esekela umsebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezingxenye zokufometha ezingu-64000, izokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise lezi zici ngaphezulu izikhathi ezingu-16 ngaphambi kwephutha elingenhla.
- Iya kuthebhu "Ifayela".
- Ngokuqhubekayo kwimenyu yokuma kwesokunxele sichofoza entweni "Londoloza".
- Ifayela lefayela elilondoloza liqala. Uma ngabe ufisa, ingagcinwa kwenye indawo, futhi hhayi lapho idokhumenti yomthombo etholakala ngokuya kusiqondisi esingavumelekile sedisk. Futhi ensimini "Igama lefayela" Ungakhetha ngokushintsha igama lakhe. Kodwa lezi akuzona izimo ezigunyaziwe. Lezi zilungiselelo zingashiywa njengezizenzakalelayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko usensimini "Uhlobo lwefayela" shintsha inani "Incwadi yokusebenzela ye-Excel 97-2003" kuqhubeke "Incwadi ye-Excel". Ngalokhu, chofoza kule nsimu bese ukhetha igama elifanele ohlwini oluvula. Ngemva kokwenza le nqubo, chofoza inkinobho. "Gcina".
Manje idokhumenti izogcinwa nge-extension ye-XLSX, ezokuvumela ukuthi usebenze nenani elikhulu lamafomethi kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-16 ngesikhathi, kunokuba kunjalo nefayela le-XLS. Ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela iqeda iphutha esilitadishayo.
Indlela 2: ukucacisa amafomethi emigqeni engenalutho
Kodwa namanje kunezikhathi lapho umsebenzisi esebenza ngesandiso se-XLSX, kodwa usenalo leli phutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma usebenza nombhalo, umugqa kumafomethi angu-64000 udlulile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezizathu ezithile, kungenzeka ukuthi udinga ukulondoloza ifayela nge-extension ye-XLS, hhayi isandiso se-XLSX, ngoba, isibonelo, izinhlelo eziningi zenkampani yesithathu zingasebenza neyokuqala. Kulezi zimo, udinga ukubheka enye indlela yokuphuma kule simo.
Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi abaningi bafometha isikhala setafula ngekhasi ukuze bangachithi isikhathi kule nqubo uma kwenzeka isandiso setafula. Kodwa lokhu kuyindlela engafanele neze. Ngenxa yalokhu, usayizi wefayili ukwandisa kakhulu, ukusebenza nawo kuphungulwa phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho, izenzo ezinjalo zingabangela iphutha, esixoxisana kulokhu sihloko. Ngakho-ke, lokho okweqile kufanele kususwe.
- Okokuqala, kudingeka sikhethe yonke indawo ngaphansi kwetafula, ngokuqala ngomugqa wokuqala, lapho kungekho idatha khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele egameni lezinombolo laleli umugqa kuphaneli yokuxhumanisa eqondile. Khetha wonke umugqa. Faka isicelo sokucindezela inhlanganisela yezinkinobho Ctrl + Shift + Ephansi Umcibisholo. Yonke idokhumenti ebangeni elingezansi kwetafula igcizelelwe.
- Bese uthuthela kuthebhu "Ikhaya" bese uchofoza isithonjana ku-ribbon "Sula"esitholakala ematheni amathuluzi Ukuhlela. Uhlu luvuleka lapho sikhetha isikhundla. "Sula amaFomethi".
- Ngemuva kwalesi senzo, ibanga elikhethiwe lizosuswa.
Ngokufanayo, ungenza ukuhlanza emazeleni ngakwesokudla kwetafula.
- Chofoza egameni lekholomu yokuqala engazalwanga nedatha kuphaneli yokuxhumanisa. Kukhona ukukhethwa kwalo phansi. Bese sikhiqiza inhlanganisela yezinki. Ctrl + Shift + Umcibisholo Ongakwesokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yonke idokhumenti ibheke ngakwesokudla kwetafula igcizelelwe.
- Khona-ke, njengokwesimo sangaphambilini, chofoza isithonjana "Sula", futhi kwimenyu yokudonsa, khetha ukhetho "Sula amaFomethi".
- Emva kwalokho, izosulwa kuwo wonke amaseli ngakwesokudla kwetafula.
Inqubo efanayo uma kwenzeka iphutha, okukhulunywa ngakho kulesi sifundo, akuyona into engafanele ukuqhuba ngisho noma kuqala uma kubonakala sengathi imigqa engezansi nakwesokudla kwetafula ayifomathi nhlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi bangaqukatha amafomethi "afihliwe". Isibonelo, angeke kube khona umbhalo noma izinombolo esitokisini, kodwa kufomethi yesibindi, njll. Ngakho-ke, ungaba nobuvila, uma kwenzeka kube nephutha, ukufeza le nqubo, ngisho nangaphezu kwamaqembu abonakala engenalutho. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngamakholomu namacwecwe afihlekile.
Indlela 3: Susa amaFomu ngaphakathi kweThebula
Uma inguqulo yangaphambilini ayingakusizi ukuxazulula le nkinga, kufanele uqaphele ukufometha okweqile ngaphakathi kwetafula ngokwayo. Abanye abasebenzisi benza ukufometha etafuleni ngisho nalapho kungenakho ulwazi olungeziwe. Bacabanga ukuthi benza itafula lihle kakhulu, kodwa empeleni ngokuvamile livela ohlangothini, umklamo onjalo ubheka okungenasidingo. Okubi nakakhulu, uma lezi zinto ziholela ekuvimbelweni kohlelo noma iphutha esikuchazayo. Kulolu cala, kufanele ushiye ukufometha okubaluleke kakhulu etafuleni.
- Kulezo zigaba lapho ukufometha kungasuswa khona ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu ngeke kuthinte okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwethebula, senza inqubo usebenzisa i-algorithm efanayo njengoba kuchazwe ngendlela yangaphambilini. Okokuqala, khetha uhla etafuleni lapho ungahlanza khona. Uma itafula likhulu kakhulu, khona-ke le nqubo izoba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinkinobho Ctrl + Shift + Umcibisholo Ongakwesokudla (ngakwesokunxele, up, phansi). Uma ukhetha iseli ngaphakathi kwetafula, bese usebenzisa lezi zihluthulelo, ukhetho luzokwenziwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwalo, hhayi ekugcineni kweshidi, njengendlela yangaphambilini.
Sicindezela inkinobho esivele sijwayele kithi. "Sula" kuthebhu "Ikhaya". Kuhlu lokudonsa phansi, khetha ukhetho "Sula amaFomethi".
- Ibanga lethebula elikhethiwe lizosuswa ngokuphelele.
- Into kuphela okumele yenziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukusetha imingcele engxenyeni ehlanjululweyo, uma ikhona kulo lonke uhlu lwetafula.
Kodwa kwezinye izindawo etafuleni, le nketho ngeke isebenze. Isibonelo, ebangeni elithile, ungakwazi ukususa ukugcwaliswa, kodwa kufanele ushiye ifomethi yosuku, kungenjalo idatha ngeke iboniswe kahle, imingcele nezinye izakhi. Inkambo efanayo yesenzo, esayikhuluma ngayo ngenhla, isusa ngokuphelele ukufometha.
Kodwa kukhona indlela yokuphuma kuleli cala, noma kunjalo, isikhathi esiningi sidla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umsebenzisi kuzodingeka abeke i-block ngayinye yamaseli afomethwe ngendlela efanayo futhi asuse ngokwezifiso ifomethi ngaphandle, engayinikezwa nayo.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyisenzo sokuzivivinya eside futhi esibuhlungu, uma itafula likhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungasebenzisi kabi "okuhle" lapho uhlela idokhumenti, ukuze kamuva kungeke kube khona izinkinga, isixazululo saso siyobe sichitha isikhathi esiningi.
Indlela 4: Susa ukufometha okunemibandela
Ukufometha okunemibandela kuyithuluzi lokuboniswa kwedatha elilula kakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngokweqile kungabangela nesiphambeko esisifunayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubuyekezwa uhlu lwemithetho yokufometha enemibandela esetshenziswe kuleli shidi bese ususa izikhundla ezivela kulo ezingahle zinikezwe.
- Kutholakala kuthebhu "Ikhaya"chofoza inkinobho "Ukufometha okunemibandela"esise-block "Izitayela". Emenyu evula emva kwalesi senzo, khetha into "Ukuphathwa Kwemithetho".
- Ngokulandela lokhu, i-window yokulawula iwindi iqala, lapho uhlu lwezinto ezifomathiwe zokufometha zikhona.
- Ngokuzenzakalelayo, izakhi kuphela ze-fragment ekhethiwe zidweliswe. Ukuze ubonise yonke imithetho eshadini, thutha ishintshi ensimini "Bonisa imithetho yokufometha" esimweni "Leli shidi". Emva kwalokho yonke imithetho yeshidi lamanje izoboniswa.
- Bese ukhetha umthetho, ngaphandle kwalokho ongakwenza, bese uchofoza inkinobho "Susa umthetho".
- Ngale ndlela, sisusa lezo mithetho ezingadlali indima ebalulekile ekuboneni kwedatha. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo igcwaliswe, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela Umphathi weMithetho.
Uma ufuna ukususa ngokuphelele ukufometha okunemibandela kusuka ebangeni elithile, khona-ke kulula nakakhulu ukukwenza.
- Khetha ububanzi bamaseli esilungiselela ukususa.
- Chofoza inkinobho "Ukufometha okunemibandela" ku-block "Izitayela" kuthebhu "Ikhaya". Ohlu oluvela, khetha ukhetho "Susa Imithetho". Uhlu oluthe xaxa olunye luvula. Kulo, khetha into "Susa imithetho kusuka kumaseli akhethiwe".
- Ngemuva kwalokho, yonke imithetho ebangeni elikhethiwe izosuswa.
Uma ufuna ukususa ngokuphelele ukufometha okunemibandela, bese ukhetha uhlu lokugcina lwemenyu, khetha ukhetho "Susa imithetho kusukela kuhlu lonke".
Indlela 5: Susa izitayela zomsebenzisi
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkinga ingenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa inombolo enkulu yezitayela zesiko. Futhi zingabonakala njengomphumela wokungenisa noma ukukopisha kusuka kwezinye izincwadi.
- Le nkinga ixazululwa kanje. Iya kuthebhu "Ikhaya". On the tape ebhodini amathuluzi "Izitayela" chofoza eqenjini Izitayela zeselula.
- Imenyu yesitayela ivulwa. Iveza izitayela ezehlukene zokuhlobisa iseli, okungukuthi, empeleni, inhlanganisela ehleliwe yefomethi eziningana. Ngaphezulu kakhulu ohlwini kukhona ibhulogi "Custom". Zilezi zindlela azakhiwanga ekuqaleni ku-Excel, kodwa ziwumkhiqizo wezenzo zomsebenzisi. Uma kwenzeka iphutha, ukuqedwa esikufundayo, kunconywa ukuba ususe.
- Inkinga yukuthi ayikho ithuluzi elakhelwe ngaphakathi lokususwa kokuningi kwezitayela, ngakho kufanele ususe ngamunye wabo ngokuhlukile. Hambisa isikhombisi ngesitayela esithile esivela eqenjini. "Custom". Chofoza kuso nge inkinobho yesokudla yegundane bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho kwimenyu yesimo "Susa ...".
- Ngale ndlela sisusa zonke izitayela kusuka kubhulogi. "Custom"kuze kube khona izitayela ze-Excel kuphela ezifakiwe.
Indlela 6: Susa amafomu womsebenzisi
Inqubo efanayo kakhulu yokususa izitayela ukususa amafomethi angokwezifiso. Okokuthi, sizosusa lezo zakhi ezingakhiwa ngokuzenzakalela ku-Excel, kodwa zenziwa ngumsebenzisi, noma zifakwe emgqokweni ngenye indlela.
- Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ukuvula iwindi lokufometha. Indlela evamile kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukuchofoza ngakwesokudla kunoma iyiphi indawo edokhumenti bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho kwimenyu yokuqukethwe. "Fometha amaseli ...".
Ungase futhi, ekubeni kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza inkinobho "Fometha" ku-block "Amaseli" kwi-tape. Emenyu yokuqala, khetha into "Fometha amaseli ...".
Enye indlela yokubiza ifasitela esiyidingayo isethi yezinkinobho zokunqamulela Ctrl + 1 kwikhibhodi.
- Ngemva kokwenza noma yiziphi izenzo ezishiwo ngenhla, iwindi yokufometha izoqala. Iya kuthebhu "Inombolo". Ku-block parameter "Amafomu Amanani" setha inkinobho ukuma "(wonke amafomethi)". Ngakwesokudla salesi sindidi yinkambu equkethe uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezisetshenziswe kule dokhumenti.
Khetha ngamunye wabo nge-cursor. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthuthela egameni elilandelayo ngesihluthulelo "Phansi" kwikhibhodi ku-unit unit yokuhamba. Uma le nto ifakiwe, inkinobho "Susa" ngezansi uhlu ngeke lusebenze.
- Ngokushesha nje lapho into yenkambiso eyengeziwe ifakwa, inkinobho "Susa" uzosebenza. Chofoza kuso. Ngendlela efanayo, susa wonke amagama okufometha okwezifiso ohlwini.
- Ngemuva kokuqedela inqubo, qiniseka ukuthi uchofoze inkinobho. "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
Indlela 7: Susa amaSpredishithi angafuneki
Sichaze izenzo ukuxazulula inkinga kuphela ngaphakathi kwephepha elilodwa. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi iminyango efanayo kufanele ifakwe nayo yonke enye incwadi egcwele idatha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amashidi noma amashidi angadingekile, lapho ulwazi luphindiwe, kungcono ukususa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokumane nje.
- Sichofoza ngokuqondile kulebula leshidi okufanele lisuswe, elitholakala ngaphezu kwebha yendawo. Okulandelayo, kwimenyu evelayo, khetha into "Susa ...".
- Emva kwalokhu, ibhokisi lengxoxo livula lidinga ukuqinisekiswa kokususwa kwesinqamuleli. Chofoza inkinobho "Susa".
- Ukulandela lokhu, ilebula ekhethiwe izosuswa kumadokhumenti, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zonke izakhi zokufometha kuyo.
Uma udinga ukususa izinqamuleli eziningana ezilandelanayo, chofoza okokuqala ngenkinobho yegundane lesokunxele, bese uchofoza kokugcina, kodwa vele ubambe ukhiye Shift. Wonke amalebula phakathi kwalezi zakhi azoqokonyiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokususwa yenziwa ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm efanayo echazwe ngenhla.
Kodwa kukhona amashidi afihliwe, futhi nje kuwo angaba inombolo enkulu yezinto ezifakiwe ezifakiwe. Ukususa ukufometha ngokweqile kulezi zashici noma ukuzisusa ngokuphelele, udinga ukubonisa ngokushesha izinqamuleli.
- Chofoza kunoma yisiphi isinqamuleli bese ukhetha into emenyu yemongo "Bonisa".
- Uhlu lwamashidi efihliwe luvula. Khetha igama leshidi elifihliwe bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile". Emva kwalokho izoboniswa kuphaneli.
Senza lo msebenzi nazo zonke amashidi ezifihliwe. Khona-ke sibheka ukuthi benzeni nabo: susa ngokuphelele noma usule ukufometha okufingqiwe, uma ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, kukhona okuthiwa amashidi amakhulu afihliwe, ongayitholi ohlwini lwamashidi avamile avamile. Angabonwa futhi aboniswe iphaneli kuphela kumhleli we-VBA.
- Ukuze uqale umhleli we-VBA (umhleli we-macro), cindezela inhlanganisela yamakhi ashisayo I-Alt + F11. Ku-block "Iprojekthi" khetha igama leshidi. Lapha kuboniswa njengamashidi avamile abonakalayo, okufihliwe futhi okufihliwe kakhulu. Endaweni engezansi "Izakhiwo" bheka ukubaluleka kwepharamitha "Kubonakala". Uma isethwe ku "2-xlI-VesiKukhona"ke lena ishidi elifihliwe kakhulu.
- Sichofoza kule parameter futhi ohlwini oluvulwe sikhetha igama. "-1-xlSheetVisible". Bese uchofoza inkinobho evamile ukuze uvale iwindi.
Ngemuva kwalesi senzo, ishidi elikhethiwe lizophela ukuba lifihliwe kakhulu futhi isinqamuleli sayo sizoboniswa iphaneli. Okulandelayo, kuyokwazi ukwenza noma inqubo yokuhlanza noma yokususwa.
Isifundo: Okufanele ukwenze uma amashidi engekho ku-Excel
Njengoba ubona, indlela esheshayo futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokukhipha iphutha eliphenywa kulesi sifundo ukugcina ifayela futhi nge-extension XLSX. Kodwa uma lokhu kungasebenzi noma ngesizathu esithile kungasebenzi, izixazululo ezisele kule nkinga zizodinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo kumsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe konke okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono enkambweni yokwakha idokhumenti yokungazisebenzisi ngendlela ephathekayo ngokwefometha, ngakho-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise amandla ukuze uqede iphutha.
