Ukungeza amatafula kuMlobi we-OpenOffice.

Ukubikezelwa kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu cishe kunoma iyiphi insimu yomsebenzi, kusukela ku-economics kuya ku-engineering. Kunenombolo enkulu yesofthiwe ekhethekile kule ndawo. Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abasebenzisi abazi ukuthi inqubo ejwayelekile ye-Excel spreadsheet inamathuluzi ayo wokubheka ukubikezela, okuyinto ekusebenzeni kwayo engekho ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe. Ake sithole ukuthi lawa mathuluzi angakanani futhi angakwenza kanjani ukubikezela ekusebenzeni.

Inqubo yokubikezela

Inhloso yanoma yikuphi ukubikezela ukukhomba ukuthambekela kwamanje, nokunquma umphumela olindelekile ngokuphathelene nento ekhonjisiwe esikhathini esithile esikhathini esizayo.

Indlela 1: umugqa wokuthambekela

Enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zokubikezela okucacile ku-Excel yinto eyengeziwe eyenziwa ngokwakha umugqa wendabuko.

Ake sizame ukubikezela inani lenzuzo yebhizinisi eminyakeni emi-3 ngokusekelwe kulolu datha kule minyaka eyi-12 eyedlule.

1. Yakha igrafu yokuxhomeka ngokusekelwe kwedatha yethebhu equkethe izimpikiswano namanani omsebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha i-tablespace, bese-ke, ekubeni kuthebhu "Faka", chofoza isithonjana sohlobo olufunayo lomdwebo, olusendaweni "Amashadi". Bese sikhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesimo esithile. Kungcono ukukhetha ishadi lokusabalalisa. Ungakhetha umbono ohlukile, kodwa-ke, ukuze idatha iboniswe ngendlela efanele, kuzodingeka uhlele, ikakhulukazi, susa umugqa wokuphikisana bese ukhetha isilinganiso esithile se-axis enezingqimba.



2. Manje sidinga ukwakha umugqa wendabuko. Sichofoza ngokuqondile kunoma yimaphi amaphuzu esithombeni. Emenyu yenkambiso esebenzayo, yeka ukukhethwa kwento "Engeza umugqa wendabuko".



3. Ifasitela lokufometha umugqa wensimu ivula. Kungenzeka ukhethe eyodwa yezinhlobo eziyisithupha zokulinganisa:
   • Linear;
   • I-Logarithmic;
   • Exponential;
   • Amandla;
   • I-Polynomial;
   • Ukuhlunga komugqa.

   Ake siqale ngokulinganisa okulinganiselwe.

   Ebhokisini lesethingi "Isibikezelo" ensimini "Dlulisela phambili" setha inombolo "3,0", njengoba kudingeka senze isibikezelo iminyaka emithathu esandulele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabheka amabhokisi okuhlola "Bonisa ukulingana eshadini" futhi "Faka ishadi ukubaluleka kokunemba kwesilinganiso (R ^ 2)". Isibonisi sokugcina sibonisa ikhwalithi yomugqa wendabuko. Ngemuva kokuthi izilungiselelo zenziwe, chofoza inkinobho. "Vala".



4. I-line line yenzelwe futhi singayisebenzisa ukuze sinqume inani elilinganiselwe lenzuzo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Njengoba ungabona, ngaleso sikhathi kufanele kudlule ama-ruble angu-4 500 ayizinkulungwane. I-Coefficient R2, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ubonisa ikhwalithi yomugqa wendabuko. Esikhathini sethu, inani R2 is up 0,89. I-coefficient ephakeme, ephakeme ukwethembeka komugqa. Inani layo eliphakeme lingalingana 1. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uma isilinganiso sesiphelile 0,85 umugqa wendabuko unokwethenjelwa.



5. Uma ungenelisekile ngezinga lokuzethemba, khona-ke ungabuyela ewindini lefomethi yesitayela sethrekhi bese ukhetha noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokulinganisa. Ungazama zonke izinketho ezikhona ukuze uthole okulungile kakhulu.

   

   Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibikezelo esisebenzayo sokusebenzisa i-extrapolation ngokusebenzisa umugqa wendabuko ingaba uma isikhathi sokubikezela singadluli ku-30% sesikhathi sokuhlaziywa. Lokhu kungukuthi, ekuhlaziyweni kwesikhathi seminyaka engu-12, asikwazi ukwenza isibikezelo esisebenzayo esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-4. Kodwa ngisho nakulolu cala, kuyoba yithembekile kakhulu, uma ngalesi sikhathi ngeke kube khona amandla amakhulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, izimo ezihle kakhulu, ezazingekho ezikhathini zangaphambilini.

Isifundo: Indlela yokwakha umugqa wendabuko ku-Excel

Indlela 2: umqhubi we-opharetha

I-extrapolation yedatha ye-tabular ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-Excel. UKUPHILA. Le mpikiswano ingokwesigaba samathuluzi wokubalo futhi ine-syntax elandelayo:

= PREDICT (x; owaziwa_y_y; amanani awaziwayo_x)

"X" ingxabano, ukubaluleka komsebenzi ofuna ukuwuthola. Esikhathini sethu, ukuphikisana kuyoba yonyaka okumele kwenziwe ngayo isibikezelo.

"Izimpawu Zama-Y" - isisekelo samanani awaziwayo womsebenzi. Esikhathini sethu, indima yawo yinani lentengo yenzuzo yangaphambili.

"Eyaziwa x" - Lezi yizimpikiswano ezihambisana namanani awaziwayo womsebenzi. Esikhundleni sabo sinezinombolo zeminyaka lapho ulwazi oluqoqwe khona ngenzuzo yonyaka odlule.

Ngokwemvelo, le mpikiswano akufanele kube yisikhathi. Isibonelo, kungaba ukushisa, futhi inani lomsebenzi lingaba izinga lokunwetshwa kwamanzi uma kushisa.

Uma ukubala le ndlela isebenzisa indlela yokuguqulwa okuhambisanayo.

Ake sibheke ama-nuances we-opharetha UKUPHILA ngesibonelo esithile. Thatha yonke ithebula elifanayo. Sizodinga ukwazi isibikezelo senzuzo ngo-2018.

1. Khetha iseli elingenalutho kushidi lapho ufuna ukubonisa umphumela wokucubungula. Sicindezela inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



2. Ivula Umsebenzi weWebhu. Esikhathini "Isitatimende" khetha igama "UKUQALA"bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Iwindi lempikiswano iqala. Ensimini "X" ucacise inani lempikiswano ofuna ukuthola inani lomsebenzi. Esikhathini sethu, lokhu kungu-2018. Ngakho-ke, senza irekhodi "2018". Kodwa kungcono ukukhombisa lo mbonakaliso esitokisini kushidi, nasensimini "X" vele unike isixhumanisi kuso. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba uguqule izibalo esikhathini esizayo futhi ushintshe kalula unyaka uma kunesidingo.

   Ensimini "Izimpawu Zama-Y" ucacise izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Lokhu kungenziwa ngokufaka isikhombisi ensimini, bese ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese ukhetha ikholomu ehambelanayo eshadini.

   Ngokufanayo nasensimini "Eyaziwa x" sifaka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka" nedatha yenkathi edlule.

   Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imininingwane ingenwe, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".



4. Opharetha ubala ngesisekelo sedatha efakwe futhi ubonisa umphumela esibukweni. Ngo-2018, inzuzo ihlelwe endaweni yama-rubles angu-4564.7 ayizinkulungwane. Ngokusekelwe kuthebula eliphelile, singakha igrafu ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okudala ishadi, okukhulunywe ngenhla.



5. Uma ushintsha unyaka esitokisini esasetshenziswa ukufaka ingxabano, umphumela uzoshintsha ngokufanele, futhi igrafu izovuselela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, ngokwezibikezelo ngo-2019, inani lenzuzo lizoba ngamaruble angu-4637.8 ayizinkulungwane.

Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi, njengokwakhiwa komzila wendabuko, ubude besikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubikezela akufanele kudlulele ku-30% kwenkathi yonke iqoqo le database.

Isifundo: Excel Extrapolation

Indlela ye-3: opharetha U-TENDENCY

Ukubikezela, ungasebenzisa omunye umsebenzi - TREND. Kubuye kube yilabo abaqhubi bezinombolo. I-syntax yayo ifana ne-syntax yethuluzi. UKUPHILA futhi ubukeka kanje:

= I-TREND (amanani adumile_y; amanani awaziwayo_x; new_values_x; [const])

Njengoba ungabona, izimpikiswano "Izimpawu Zama-Y" futhi "Eyaziwa x" zihambelana ngokuphelele nezakhi ezifanayo zomqhubi UKUPHILAnokuphikisana "Amanani amasha x" kufanisa ukuphikisana "X" ithuluzi langaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, TREND kunengxabano eyengeziwe "Constant"kodwa akuyona igunya futhi isetshenziswa kuphela uma kunezici eziqhubekayo.

Lo opharetha usetshenziswe kakhulu lapho kukhona khona ukuthembela okulinganayo komsebenzi.

Ake sibone ukuthi leli thuluzi lizosebenza kanjani ngokulingana kwedatha efanayo. Ukuze siqhathanise imiphumela etholakalayo, sichaza iphuzu lokubikezela ngo-2019.

1. Senza ukuqokwa kweseli ukubonisa umphumela bese ugijima Umsebenzi weWebhu ngendlela evamile. Esikhathini "Isitatimende" thola bese ukhetha igama "THOLA". Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Iwindi lempikiswano ye-Operator ivuleka TREND. Ensimini "Izimpawu Zama-Y" kakade kuchaziwe ngenhla, faka izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Ensimini "Eyaziwa x" faka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka". Ensimini "Amanani amasha x" faka ireferensi yeseli lapho inombolo yonyaka okumele kuboniswe khona kuboniswe khona. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kungu-2019. Inkambu "Constant" shiya kungenalutho. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Opharetha uqhuba idatha futhi ubonisa umphumela esikrinini. Njengoba ungabona, inani lenzuzo ehlongozwayo ngo-2019, elibalwe ngendlela yokuxhomekeka okulinganayo, kuyoba, njengendlela yokudlula yokubala, ama-ruble angu-4637.8 ayizinkulungwane.

Indlela 4: Opharetha be-GROWTH

Omunye umsebenzi ongasetshenziswa ukubikezela ku-Excel ungumqhubi we-GROWTH. Ibuye ibe ngeqembu lezibalo zamathuluzi, kodwa, ngokungafani nalawo angaphambilini, ayisebenzisi indlela yokuxhomeka komugqa, kodwa indlela yokuhlola yokubala. I-syntax yale thuluzi ibonakala kanje:

= UKUKHULUZA (Amanani Aziwe_y; AmaValues ​​aziwa_x; New_values_x; [const])

Njengoba ubona, izimpikiswano zalolu msebenzi zibuye zibuye ziphinde ziphendule izingxabano zomqhubi TRENDukuze singagxili ekuchazeni kwabo okwesibili, kodwa sizobuyela ngokushesha ekusebenziseni leli thuluzi ngokuzikhandla.

1. Khetha umkhiqizo wokukhipha umphumela bese uyibiza ngendlela evamile. Umsebenzi weWebhu. Kuloluhlu lwabaqhubi bezinombolo bafuna into "UKUKHULUZA"ukhethe bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Ukusebenza kwewindi lempikiswano yomsebenzi ongenhla kwenzeka. Faka idatha emkhakheni weli festile kufana nalokho esikufake efasiteleni lokuphikisana lomqhubi TREND. Ngemuva kokuthi ulwazi lufakwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Umphumela wokucubungula idatha uboniswa kumqapha kuseli elicacisiwe ngaphambili. Njengoba ungabona, lesi sikhathi umphumela yizinhlamvu ezingu-4682.1 eziyizinkulungwane. Ukungafani kokucutshungulwa kwedatha yomqhubi TREND ayibalulekile, kodwa ayatholakala. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi lawa mathuluzi asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokubala: indlela yokuthembela okulinganayo kanye nendlela yokuthembela ekubonisweni.

Indlela 5: Opharetha be-LINEST

I-Operator LINE lapho ukubala kusebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa okulinganayo. Akufanele kudidaniswe nendlela ehambisanayo esetshenziswa ithuluzi. TREND. I-syntax yayo iwukuthi:

= LINEST (Ama-Values ​​aziwa_y; AmaValues ​​aziwa_x; New_values_x; [const]; [Izibalo])

Iziphakamiso ezimbili zokugcina zikhethwa kukho. Sijwayele ukuqala kokubili ngezindlela zangaphambilini. Kodwa mhlawumbe uqaphele ukuthi kulo msebenzi akukho ukuphikisana okukhomba amanani amasha. Iqiniso liwukuthi leli thuluzi libeka kuphela ushintsho kwimali engenayo yunithi yesikhathi, okuyikho kithi ngonyaka owodwa, kodwa kufanele sibone umphumela wecala ngokwehlukana, okwengeza ekugcineni kwenzuzo yangempela yokuphumela umphumela wokubala opharetha LINEyanda ngenani leminyaka.

1. Yenza ukhetho lweseli lapho ukubalwa kuzokwenziwa khona futhi uqalise iNhloko Yemisebenzi. Khetha igama "LINEYN" esigabeni "Isitatimende" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Ensimini "Izimpawu Zama-Y"wewindi lempikiswano evula, faka izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Ensimini "Eyaziwa x" faka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka". Amasimu asele ashiywe engenalutho. Bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Lolu hlelo lubala futhi lubonise esitokisini ekhethiwe ukubaluleka komthamo ofanayo.



4. Manje kufanele sithole ukubaluleka kwenzuzo ehlongozwayo ngo-2019. Setha uphawu "=" kunoma iyiphi iseli elingenalutho kushidi. Chofoza kuseli equkethe inani langempela lenzuzo yonyaka odlule owafundwa (2016). Sabeka uphawu "+". Okulandelayo, chofoza kuseli eliqukethe umthamo wezindlela ezibalwe ngaphambilini. Sabeka uphawu "*". Kusukela phakathi konyaka odlule wenkathi yokucwaninga (2016) kanye nonyaka okumele kwenziwe ngayo (2019), isikhathi seminyaka emithathu silele, sibeka inombolo esitokisini "3". Ukubala, chofoza inkinobho. Ngena.

Njengoba ungabona, inani elibikezelwe lenzuzo, elibalwe ngendlela yokulinganisa okulinganiselwe, ngo-2019 kuyoba ngamarandi angu-4614.9 ayizinkulungwane.

Indlela 6: Opharetha we-LOGEST

Ithuluzi lokugcina esizolihlola liyi I-LGGRPRIBL. Lo opharetha wenza izibalo ngokusekelwe endleleni yokulinganisa okuboniswayo. I-syntax yayo inesakhiwo esilandelayo:

= LOGPLPR (amanani adumile_y; amanani adumile_x; new_values_x; [const]; [izibalo])

Njengoba ubona, zonke izingxabano ziphinda ziphindaphinda izici ezihambisana nomsebenzi wangaphambilini. I-algorithm yokubala isibikezelo izoshintsha kancane. Lo msebenzi ubala umthamo wokuveza, ozobonisa ukuthi kaningi kangakanani inani lemali engenayo lizoshintsha ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungukuthi, ngonyaka. Sizodinga ukuthola umehluko enkampanini phakathi kwesikhathi sangempela sokugcina kanye neyokuqala okuhleliwe, siyiphindise ngenani lezikhathi ezihleliwe. (3) futhi wengeze kumphumela isibalo sesikhathi sokugcina sangempela.

1. Kuhlu lwabaqhubi be-Function Wizard, khetha igama I-LGRFPRIBL. Chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".



2. Iwindi lempikiswano iqala. Kulo mlando sifaka idatha ngokufana nalokho okwenzayo, usebenzisa umsebenzi LINE. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Umphumela wendlela yokubonisa ibalwa futhi iboniswe kuseli elibonisiwe.



4. Sabeka uphawu "=" kuseli elingenalutho. Vula amabakaki bese ukhetha iseli equkethe inani lemali yengeniso esikhathini sokugcina sangempela. Sabeka uphawu "*" bese ukhetha iseli equkethe umthamo wokuveza. Sifaka uphawu lokunciphisa futhi sichofoze esiqwini esilinganisweni semali esikhathini sokugcina. Vala ibhakha bese ushayela izinhlamvu. "*3+" ngaphandle izingcaphuno. Futhi, chofoza esitokisini esifanayo esikhethiwe ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ukuze uchofoze ukubala ku-inkinobho Ngena.

Inani lemali elibikezelwe ngonyaka ka-2019, elibalwe ngendlela yokulinganisa okuboniswayo, kuyoba yi-ruble engu-4,639.2 eyizinkulungwane, futhi futhi ahluke kakhulu emiphumeleni etholakala ekubalweni ngezindlela zangaphambilini.

Isifundo: Ezinye imisebenzi zezibalo ku-Excel

Sithole indlela yokubikezela ohlelweni lwe-Excel. Ngokwezithombe, lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwesitayela, futhi ngokuhlaziya, besebenzisa inani lemisebenzi yezibalo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yokucubungula kwedatha efana nalaba baqhubi, kungenzeka kube nomphumela ohlukile. Kodwa lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba bonke basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokubala. Uma ukuguquguquka kuncane, zonke lezi zindlela ezisebenzayo kwimeko ethile zingathathwa njengokuthenjelwa ngokweqile.