ANGIKWAZI UKUFIKA KU-SKYPE

Ngokufana nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows, i-Linux iqukethe isethi ethile yemiyalo yomsebenzi olula kakhulu futhi osheshayo ohlelweni lokusebenza. Kodwa uma okokuqala sibiza ngokuthi usizo noma senze isenzo kusuka ku "Umyalo Wokulawula" (cmd), bese kulesi simiso sesibili, izenzo zenziwa ku-emulator yokuphela. Okuyisisekelo "Isikhumbuzo" futhi "Lawula umugqa" - into efanayo.

Uhlu lwemilayezo ku "Terminal" Linux

Kulabo abasanda kuqala ukujwayela uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomndeni we-Linux, sinikeza ngezansi irejista yemiyalo ebaluleke kunazo zonke ezidingekayo kumsebenzisi ngamunye. Qaphela ukuthi amathuluzi nezinsiza ezisetshenziswayo zibizwa kusuka "Isikhumbuzo", i-pre-efakwe kuwo wonke ama-Linux distributions futhi akudingeki ukuthi ilayishwe ngaphambilini.

Ukuphathwa kwefayela

Kunoma iyiphi uhlelo lokusebenza, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuxhumana namafomethi efayela ehlukahlukene. Iningi labasebenzisi lisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa imenenja yefayili enegobolondo lokubonisa le njongo. Kodwa zonke izindlela ezifanayo, noma ngisho nohlu olukhulu lwazo, zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa imiyalo ekhethekile.

ls - ikuvumela ukubuka okuqukethwe kwirekhodi esebenzayo. Inokukhetha okubili: -l - ubonisa okuqukethwe njengoluhlu ngencazelo, -a - Ibonisa amafayela afihliwe yihlelo.

ikati - ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwefayela elicacisiwe. Ukubalwa kwenombolo, inketho isetshenziswa. -n .
cd - isetshenziselwa ukuhamba kusukela kusiqondisi esisebenzayo kuya esibekiwe. Uma uqalisiwe ngaphandle kokukhethwa okungeziwe, kuqondisa kabusha kwisiqondisi sempande.
pwd - ukhonza ukunquma isiqondisi samanje.
mkdir - kudala ifolda entsha emkhokheni wamanje.
ifayela - ubonisa ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nefayela.

cp - kudingeka ukukopisha ifolda noma ifayela. Uma ungeze inketho -r kufaka ukukopisha okuphindaphindiwe. Okukhethwa kukho -a igcina umbhalo wemfanelo ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwangaphambilini.
mv - isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa noma ukuqamba kabusha ifolda / ifayela.
rm - ususa ifayela noma ifolda. Uma isetshenziselwa ngaphandle kokukhethwa kukho, ukususwa kungunaphakade. Ukuthuthela enqoleni, kufanele ufake inketho -r.
ln - idala isixhumanisi sefayela.
i-chmod - amalungelo okushintsha (funda, bhala, ushintshe ...). Kungasetshenziswa ngokuhlukile kumsebenzisi ngamunye.
okhethiwe - ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe umnikazi. Itholakala kuphela ku-SuperUser (Administrator).

Qaphela: ukuthola amalungelo amakhulu (ama-root root), kufanele ufake "sudo su" (ngaphandle kwamacaphuno).

thola - yakhelwe ukucinga amafayela ohlelweni. Ngokungafani neqembu thola, ukusesha kwenziwa ivuselelwe.
dd - esetshenziselwa ukudala amakhophi amafayela nokuguqula.
thola - ukusesha amadokhumenti namafolda ohlelweni. Izinketho eziningi ongayenza ngokuzenzakalelayo usesho lwakho.

bhala-umounth - esetshenziswa ukusebenza namafayela wefayela. Ngosizo lwaso, uhlelo lungase lukhishwe noma luxhunyiwe. Ukuze usebenzise, kufanele uthole ama-root-rights.
du - ikhombisa isibonelo samafayela / amafolda. Okukhethwa kukho -h iguqula esimweni esifanelekayo -s - ibonisa idatha efingqiwe, futhi -d - ubeka ukujula kokuphindaphinda kumarekhodi.
df - ihlaziya i-disk isikhala, ikuvumela ukuba uthole inani lesikhala esisele nesigcwele. Inezinketho eziningi ezikuvumela ukuba uhlele idatha eyamukelwe.

Sebenzisa ngombhalo

Ukungena "Isikhumbuzo" imiyalo ehambelana ngqo namafayela azokwenzeka ngokushesha noma kamuva ukwenza izinguquko kubo. Imiyalo elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukusebenza nemibhalo yombhalo:

ngaphezulu - ikuvumela ukubuka umbhalo ongafanelanga endaweni yokusebenza. Uma kungabikho ukuguqulwa kokugcina, umsebenzi osetshenzisiwe wesimanje usetshenzisiwe. kancane.

i-grep - wenza umbhalo wosesho ngephethini.
umsila wekhanda - umyalo wokuqala unesibopho sokukhishwa kwemigqa embalwa yokuqala ekuqaleni kwedokhumenti (ikhanda), okwesibili -
ikhombisa imigqa yokugcina edokhumenti. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imigqa engu-10 iboniswa. Ungashintsha inombolo yabo usebenzisa umsebenzi -n futhi -f.
hlola - esetshenziselwa ukuhlunga imigqa. Ngokwenani, inketho isetshenziswa. -n, ukuhlunga kusuka phezulu kuya phansi - -r.
hlukile - uqhathanisa futhi ubonisa umehluko emgqulwini wombhalo (umugqa ngomugqa).
wc - ubala amagama, izintambo, ama-bytes nezinhlamvu.

Ukuphathwa kwenqubo

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-OS ngesikhatsi esisodwa kuyashukumisa ukuvela kwezinqubo eziningi ezisebenzayo ezingahle zinciphise ukusebenza komshini kuze kube yilapho kungeke kube lula ukusebenzisana nazo.

Lesi simo singakulungiswa kalula ngokuqedela izinqubo ezingadingekile. Ku-Linux, imiyalo elandelayo isetshenziselwa le njongo:

ps pgrep - umyalo wokuqala ubonisa lonke ulwazi mayelana nezinqubo ezisebenzayo zesistimu (umsebenzi "-e" ibonisa inqubo eyodwa), owesibili ubonisa i-ID yenqubo ngemuva kokuba umsebenzisi efake igama layo.

bulala - iphetha inqubo ye-PID.
i-xkill - ngokuchofoza iwindi lezinqubo -
uyigcwalisa.
pkill - iphetha inqubo ngegama layo.
i-killall inqamula zonke izinqubo ezisebenzayo.
phezulu, htop - banesibopho sokubonisa izinqubo futhi basetshenziswa njengabaqapheli be-console yesistimu. htop ithandwa kakhulu namuhla.
isikhathi - ibonisa idatha "Terminal" ngesikhathi senqubo.

Imvelo yomsebenzisi

Inombolo yemiyalo ebalulekile ibandakanya hhayi kuphela okukuvumela ukuba uhlanganyele nezinsimbi zesistimu, kodwa futhi wenze imisebenzi engavamile engenza kube lula ukusebenza nekhompyutha.

usuku - ubonisa usuku nesikhathi emafomethi ahlukahlukene (12 h, 24 h), kuye ngokuthi ukhetho.

alias - ikuvumela ukunciphisa umyalo noma ukudala igama elifanayo, yenza eyodwa noma ukusakaza kwemilayezo eminingana.
uname - inikeza ulwazi ngegama elisebenzayo le-system.
sudo sudo su - owokuqala ugijimela uhlelo egameni lomunye wabasebenzisi besistimu yokusebenza. Owesibini useGameni loMsebenzisi Omkhulu.
ukulala - ibeka ikhompyutha ibe yindlela yokulala.
ukuvala - cisha ikhompyutha ngokushesha, inketho -h ikuvumela ukuvala ikhompyutha ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
qala kabusha - ibuyisela kabusha ikhompyutha. Ungasetha futhi isikhathi esithile sokuqalisa kabusha usebenzisa izinketho ezikhethekile.

Ukuphathwa komsebenzisi

Uma umuntu ongaphezu komuntu oyedwa esebenza kwikhompyutha efanayo, kodwa eziningana, ukudala abasebenzisi abaningana kuyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imiyalo yokuxhumana nomunye wabo.

umsebenzisi, i-userdel, isermod - engeza, susa, hlela i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, ngokulandelanayo.
i-passwd - ukhonza ukushintsha iphasiwedi. Run njengoba Umsebenzisi Omkhulu (sudo su ekuqaleni komyalo) ikuvumela ukuthi usethe kabusha amaphasiwedi kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti.

Buka amadokhumenti

Akekho umsebenzisi okwazi ukukhumbula incazelo yawo yonke imiyalo ohlelweni noma indawo yazo zonke amafayela ohlelo olusebenzayo, kodwa imiyalo emithathu ekhunjulwa kalula ingaba usizo:

kuphi - Ibonisa indlela eya kumafayela aphethwe.
umuntu - ubonisa usizo noma umhlahlandlela wethimba, lisetshenziselwa imiyalo ngamakhasi afanayo.

whatis - I-analogue yomyalo ongenhla, kodwa lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba zosizo ezitholakalayo.

Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi

Ukusetha i-Intanethi futhi ngempumelelo ukwenza izinguquko kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi esikhathini esizayo, udinga ukwazi okungenani imiyalo embalwa ephethe lokhu.

ip - ukusetha ama-subsystems enethiwekhi, ukubuka amapheshana e-IP atholakalayo ukuze axhumane. Uma ungeze isici -show ibonisa izinto zezinhlobo ezicacisiwe njengohlu, ngenhloso -help Ulwazi lokukhomba luyaboniswa.
ping - ukuxilongwa kokuxhuma kwimithombo yenethiwekhi (router, router, modem, njll). Futhi ibika ulwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yokuxhumana.

izinhlanzi - ukuhlinzeka idatha kumsebenzisi mayelana nokusetshenziswa komgwaqo. Isici -i ubeka isikhombikubona senethiwekhi.
i-tracerout - i-analog yeqembu ping, kodwa kufomu elithuthukisiwe. Ibonisa ijubane lokulethwa kwephakeji yedatha kumanothi ngayinye futhi inikeza ulwazi olugcwele mayelana nomzila ogcwele wokudlulisela iphakethe.

Isiphetho

Ukwazi yonke imiyalo engenhla, ngisho nomsunguli osanda kufaka uhlelo lwe-Linux-based, uzokwazi ukusebenzisana ngokuphelele, ngokuxazulula ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi. Ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale ukuthi uhlu lukhuni kakhulu ukulikhumbula, kodwa, ngokukwenziwa kweqembu ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyinhloko kuzokwenyuka ememori, futhi ngeke kudingeke ubheke imiyalelo ewethulwa njalo.