Abasebenzisi abaningi, abhekene nesidingo sokulungisa omunye amaklayenti e-imeyili, bayazibuza: "Iyiphi inqubo ye-e-mail." Ngempela, ukuze "ukuphoqa" uhlelo olunjalo ukusebenza ngendlela evamile bese ulisebenzisa kahle, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezikhona okufanele zikhethwe nokuthi zihluke kanjani kwabanye. Ngokuphathelene nemikhakha yeposi, isimiso somsebenzi wabo nobubanzi bawo, kanye nezinye izinto ezibucayi bazoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Amaprosesa ase-imeyili
Kunezindinganiso ezintathu ezamukelekayo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa ama-imeyili (ukuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili) - lawa yi-IMAP, i-POP3 ne-SMTP. Kukhona i-HTTP, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-web-mail, kodwa ayikho ubudlelwano obuqondile nesihloko sethu samanje. Ngezansi sibheka ngokucophelela ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo, sichaza izici zabo zesici nokuhlukahluka okungenzeka, kodwa okokuqala sizochaza igama ngokwalo.
I-e-mail protocol, uma sikhuluma ngolimi olulula futhi oluqondakalayo, indlela yokushintshaniswa kwe-imeyli eyenziwa ngayo, okungukuthi, ngayiphi indlela futhi yikuphi "ukuyeka" okushiwo incwadi evela kumthumeli kumamukeli.
I-SMTP (I-Protocol Yokudlulisa Imeyili Elula)
I-mail yokudlulisa i-protocol elula - yile ndlela igama le-SMTP eliphelele elihunyushwe ngayo futhi lichithwe. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuthumela i-imeyili kumanethiwekhi afana ne-TCP / IP (ngokuqondile, ichweba le-TCP 25 lisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imeyili ephumayo). Kukhona futhi inguqulo entsha "entsha" - isandiso se-ESMTP (Extended SMTP) esamukelwe ngo-2008, nakuba kungakabonakali okwamanje kusuka ku-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
I-protocol ye-SMTP isetshenziswe ngamaseva weposi kanye nama-agent kokubili ukuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili, kodwa izinhlelo zamaklayenti ezibhekiswe kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile zizisebenzisa kuphela ngokulandelana okulodwa - ukuthumela ama-imeyili kuseva ngokuthumela kwabo okulandelayo.
Izinhlelo eziningi ze-imeyili, ezifaka i-Mozilla Thunderbird eyaziwayo, i-Bat !, i-Microsoft Outlook, isebenzisa i-POP noma i-IMAP ukuthola ama-imeyili, okuzoxoxwa kamuva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iklayenti evela ku-Microsoft (Outluk) ingasebenzisa iphrothokholi yokuthengisa ukuze ifinyelele i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kwisiphakeli sayo, kodwa lokhu sekuvele kungaphezu kwesihloko sethu.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuthola ama-imeyili
I-POP3 (I-Post Office Protocol 3)
I-version ye-post ye-post office protocol (ukuhumusha kusuka ku-English) isilinganiso sezinga lesicelo esisetshenziselwa isofthiwe yeklayenti ekhethekile ukuthola imilayezo ye-elektroniki evela kuseva elikude isebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lokuxhumeka njengalokhu kwenzeka ku-SMTP-TCP / IP. Ngokuqondile emisebenzini yayo, i-POP3 isebenzisa inombolo ye-port, kodwa uma kwenzeka uxhumano lwe-SSL / TLS, 995 isetshenziswa.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, yilo myalezo weposi (njengommeli olandelayo wohlu lwethu) okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ngqo imeyili. Okokugcina, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-POP3, kanye ne-IMAP, ayisekelwa kuphela yizinhlelo ze-mailer ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa abahlinzeki abahola izinsizakalo ezifanele - i-Gmail, i-Yahoo!, I-Hotmail, njll.
Qaphela: Isimiso ensimini yiyona inguqulo yesithathu yale protocol. Amaphambilini owokuqala nesesibili (POP, POP2, ngokulandelana) manje abhekwa njengengasebenzi.
Bheka futhi: Ukubeka i-imeyli i-GMail kwiklayenti leposi
I-IMAP (Inqubo Yokufinyelela Kwamakholi E-Inthanethi)
Lona uhlelo lokulandelwa kwesendlalelo lokusebenza olusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuxhumana kwe-imeyli. Njengamazinga okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla, i-IMAP isekelwe ekulandiseni kwe-TCP yokuthutha, futhi i-port 143 isetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona (noma 993 ye-SSL / TLS ukuxhumana).
Eqinisweni, yi-Protocol ye-Access Protocol ye-Inthanethi ehlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi kakhulu okusebenza ngezincwadi kanye namabhokisi e-imeyli aphethwe kwi-server ephakathi. Isicelo sekhasimende esisebenzisa le protocol yomsebenzi wayo sinokufinyelela okugcwele kokuxhumana kwe-elektroniki njengokungathi akugcini kuseva, kodwa kumakhompi womsebenzisi.
I-IMAP ikuvumela ukuba wenze zonke izenzo ezidingekayo ngezinhlamvu namabhokisi eposi ngokuqondile ku-PC yakho ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthumela unamathiselwe unomphela nokunamathisela okuqukethwe kwiseva bese ubuyisa emuva. I-POP3 ebhekwe ngenhla, njengoba sesibonile kakade, isebenza kancane kancane, "ukudonsa" idatha edingekayo ekuxhumaneni.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuthumela ama-imeyili
I-HTTP
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, i-HTTP iyi-protocol engenzelwe ukuxhumana nge-imeyili. Noma kunjalo, ingasetshenziswa ukufinyelela ibhokisi leposi, ukubhala (kodwa ungathumeli) futhi uthole ama-imeyili. Okusho ukuthi, yenza kuphela ingxenye yemisebenzi ephawulekayo yezindinganiso zeposi ezikhulunywe ngenhla. Noma kunjalo, yize ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-webmail. Mhlawumbe, insizakalo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hotmail service, esebenzisa i-HTTP, idlale indima ethile kulokhu.
Ukukhetha ukhetho lwe-imeyili
Ngakho-ke, lapho sazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezisekhona zamameyili ezikhona, singakwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuphepha ekukhethweni okuqondile kokufanele kakhulu. I-HTTP, ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla, ayikho isithakazelo kulokhu, futhi i-SMTP igxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngaphandle kwalabo abathunyelwa ngumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kuziwa ekumiseni nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwekhasimende leposi, kufanele ukhethe phakathi kwe-POP3 ne-IMAP.
Uhlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye-inthanethi (IMAP)
Uma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukufinyelela okusheshayo kubo bonke, ngisho ne-e-mail yamanje kakhulu, sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ukhethe i-IMAP. Izinzuzo zale protocol zingabonakala ngokuvumelanisa kahle okukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngeposi kumadivaysi ahlukene - kokubili kanyekanye, ukuze izincwadi ezidingekile zihlale zikhona. I-drawback eyinhloko yeProtocol ye-Inthanethi Yokufinyelela Umlayezo ivela ekuziqaliseni kokusebenza kwayo futhi iqukethe ukugcwaliswa okusheshayo kwesikhala sediski.
I-IMAP inezinye izinzuzo ezingabalulekile kangako - ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele izincwadi ohlelweni lwe-mail ngenhla yokuzikhethela, udale izinkomba ezihlukene futhi ufake imilayezo lapho, okungukuthi, yenza ukukhetha kwabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulula kakhulu ukuhlela umsebenzi osebenza kahle nokunethezeka nge-e-mail. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okunye okulandelayo kulandela umsebenzi onjalo owusizo - kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-space disk space, kukhona umthwalo owengeziwe ku-processor ne-RAM. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kubonakala kuphela kwinqubo yokuvumelanisa, futhi kuphela kumadivayisi angaphansi kwamandla.
I-Post Office Protocol 3 (i-POP3)
I-POP3 ifanele ukusetha iklayenti ye-imeyili uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukutholakala kwesikhala samahhala kuseva (idivayisi yesitoreji) kanye nesivinini esikhulu somsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukuqonda lokhu okulandelayo: ngokuyeka ukukhetha kwakho kule protocol, uziphika ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwamadivayisi. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma uthola, isibonelo, izinhlamvu ezintathu ku-inombolo yocingo 1 futhi waziphawula njengokufundiwe, bese ku-inombolo yocingo 2, futhi isebenza ku-Post Office Protocol 3, ngeke ziphawulwe ngaleyo ndlela.
Izinzuzo ze-POP3 azigcini nje ekulondolozeni isikhala sediski, kodwa futhi ngokungabi khona okungenani umthwalo obonakala kancane kwi-CPU ne-RAM. Le protocol, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-intanethi, ikuvumela ukuthi ulande wonke ama-imeyili, okungukuthi, nawo wonke okuqukethwe okuqukethwe kanye nezinamathiselwe. Yebo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma kuxhunyiwe, kodwa i-IMAP esebenzayo, ngokuya emgwaqeni olinganiselwe noma ngesivinini esincane, izolayisha imilayezo kuphela, noma ibonise kuphela izihloko zabo, futhi ishiye okuningi okuqukethwe kuseva "kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono."
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko sazama ukunikeza impendulo eningiliziwe futhi eqondakalayo embuzweni, yiyiphi i-protocol e-mail. Naphezu kokuthi kukhona ezine zazo, isithakazelo somsebenzisi ojwayelekile sinamabili kuphela - i-IMAP ne-POP3. Owokuqala uzoba nesithakazelo kulabo abajwayele ukusebenzisa i-imeyili kusuka kumadivayisi ahlukene, ukuba babe nokufinyelela okusheshayo kuzo zonke izincwadi (noma ezidingekayo), bahlele futhi bahlele. Esesibili sigxilile kakhulu - esheshayo emsebenzini, kodwa singavumeli ukuyihlela kumadivayisi amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
