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Ngaphambi kokuthatha isikweletu, kuyoba kuhle ukubala zonke izinkokhelo kuso. Lokhu kuzosindisa obolekayo esikhathini esizayo kusuka ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezingalindelekile nokudumazeka uma kuvela ukuthi ukukhokhelwa ngokweqile kukhulu kakhulu. Amathuluzi we-Excel angasiza kulokhu kubalwa. Ake sithole ukuthi singakwazi kanjani ukubala izinkokhelo zemalimboleko yesikweletu kulolu hlelo.

Ukubalwa kokukhokha

Okokuqala, kumele ngitshele ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkokhelo zezikweletu:

• Ukuhlukaniswa;
• Annuity.

Ngesimiso esahlukanisiwe, iklayenti yenza ingxenye elinganayo yenyanga yokukhokha ebhange ebandleni lomboleko kanye nezinkokhelo zenzalo. Inani lezinkokhelo zenzalo ngenyanga ngayinye liyancipha njengoba umzimba wesibopho lapho kubalwa khona kubalwa. Ngakho-ke, ukukhokhelwa kwenyanga njalo kunciphile.

I-annuity scheme isebenzisa indlela ehlukile. Iklayenti njalo ngenyanga yenza inani elifanayo lenkokhelo yenkokhelo, equkethe izinkokhelo emzimbeni wemalimboleko kanye nezinkokhelo zenzalo. Ekuqaleni, izinkokhelo zenzalo zibalwa ngenani eliphelele lemali mboleko, kodwa njengoba umzimba wehla, inzalo incishisiwe. Kodwa inani eliphelele lokukhokha lihlala lingashintshi ngenxa yokwanda kwanyangazonke kwezinkokhelo kumzimba wesikweletu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezintshisekelo ekukhokhweni kwenyanga yonke liyancipha, futhi inani lokukhokha ngalinye liyakhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkokhelo yenyanga yonke ngokwayo ayishintshi phakathi nesikhathi sonke semalimboleko.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi ekubalweni kwenkokhelo yemali, siyayeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuyadingeka, kusukela manje amabhange amaningi asebenzisa lolu hlelo oluthile. Kulula futhi kumakhasimende, ngoba kulokhu, inani lokukhokha alishintshi, lihlale lihleliwe. Amakhasimende azi njalo ukuthi kufanele akhokhe malini.

Isigaba 1: Ukubalwa Kwezinyanga Zenyanga

Ukubala imali yanyanga zonke uma usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-annuity ku-Excel kunomsebenzi okhethekile - I-PMT. Yingxenye yesigaba sabasebenzi bezimali. Ifomula yalolu msebenzi kanje:

= I-PMT (isilinganiso; nper; ps; bs; uhlobo)

Njengoba ungabona, umsebenzi ocacisiwe unenani elikhulu kakhulu lezingxabano. Yiqiniso, okubili kokugcina akudingekile.

Ukuphikisana "Bet" ikhombisa inzalo yenzalo isikhathi esithile. Uma, isibonelo, izinga lonyaka lisetshenzisiwe, kodwa umboleko ukhokhwa njalo ngenyanga, kanti izinga lonyaka kufanele lihlukaniswe 12 futhi usebenzise umphumela njengempikiswano. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhokha yenyanga, kulesi simo izinga lonyaka kumele lihlukaniswe 4 nokunye

"Kper" ichaza inani eliphelele lezinkokhelo zokukhokha imali. Okusho ukuthi uma isikweletu sithathwa unyaka owodwa ngenkokhelo yenyanga, khona-ke inani lezinkathi libhekwa 12uma iminyaka emibili, khona-ke inani lezinkathi 24. Uma isikweletu sithathwa iminyaka emibili ngokukhokha ngekota, khona-ke inani lezinkathi lilingana 8.

"Ps" ibonisa inani lamanje. Ngokwemibandela elula, lena inani lemali mboleko ekuqaleni kokubolekwa kwemali, okungukuthi, inani olibolekayo, ngaphandle kokufaka inzalo kanye nezinye izinkokhelo ezengeziwe.

"Bs" - lokhu kubaluleka kwesikhathi esizayo. Leli nani, elizoba ngumzimba wesikweletu ngesikhathi sokuqeda isivumelwano sesibolekiso. Ezimweni eziningi, le mpikiswano ikhona "0", njengoba umboleki ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubolekwa kufanele akhokhe ngokugcwele umbolekisi. Ukuphikisana okucacisiwe kuyakhethwa. Ngakho-ke, uma iwa, kubhekwa njengenhla.

Ukuphikisana "Thayipha" inquma isikhathi sokubala: ekupheleni noma ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Esikhathini sokuqala, kuthatha inani "0", futhi okwesibili - "1". Izinhlangano eziningi zebhange zisebenzisa ngokunjalo inketho ngokukhokha ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Le mpikiswano iphinda ikhethe, futhi uma uyishiya, kubhekwa ukuthi kuyinhlawulo.

Manje yisikhathi sokuthuthela esibonelweni esithile sokubala imali yenyanga ngenyanga usebenzisa umsebenzi we-PMT. Ukuze sibone, sisebenzisa itafula ngemininingwane yangempela, lapho izinga lesithakazelo semalimboleko likhonjiswa (12%), inani lemalimboleko (Ama-ruble angu-500 000) kanye nesikweletu semali (Izinyanga ezingu-24). Kulesi simo, inkokhelo yenziwa njalo ngenyanga ekupheleni kwenkathi ngayinye.

1. Khetha isici eshadini lapho umphumela wokubala uzoboniswa khona, bese uchofoza isithonjana "Faka umsebenzi"kufakwe eduze kwe-bar bar.



2. Ifasitela iqalisiwe. Amakhosi omsebenzi. Esikhathini "Izezimali" khetha igama "PLT" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, iwindi lokuphikisana lomsebenzisi livula. I-PMT.

   Ensimini "Bet" kufanele ufake inani lezintshisekelo esikhathini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla ngokumane ubeke iphesenti, kodwa lapha kubhalwe esitokisini esithile eshadini, ngakho-ke sinikeza isixhumanisi kuso. Setha isikhangiso endle, bese uchofoza esitokisini esilandelayo. Kodwa, njengoba sikhumbula, sinesilinganiso senzalo yonyaka etafuleni, futhi isikhathi sokukhokha siningana nenyanga. Ngakho-ke, sihlukanisa isilinganiso saminyaka yonke, noma kunalokho ukubhekisela kweseli lapho kuqukethe khona, ngenombolo 12ehambisana nenani lezinyanga ngonyaka. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokuqondile emkhakheni wefasitela yeziphakamiso.

   Ensimini "Kper" setha isikhathi sokubolekwa. Ulingana nathi 24 izinyanga. Ungangena inombolo ensimini 24 ngesandla, kodwa thina, njengokwesikhashana esidlule, sihlinzeka isixhumanisi endaweni yale nkhomba etafuleni langempela.

   Ensimini "Ps" bakhombise inani lokuqala lomboleko. Ulingana no Ama-ruble angu-500 000. Njengamanye amacala asedlule, sibonisa ukubhekisela kwesici sephepha eliqukethe le nkhomba.

   Ensimini "Bs" ikhombisa inani lemali mboleko, emva kokukhokha okugcwele. Njengoba sikhumbula, le nzuzo cishe ihlale ikhona. Setha inombolo kule nsimu "0". Nakuba le mpikiswano ingashiywa ngokuphelele.

   Ensimini "Thayipha" bonisa ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni kwenyanga ukukhokha kwenziwa. Thina, njengamanye amacala amaningi, senziwa ekupheleni kwenyanga. Ngakho-ke, setha inombolo "0". Njengokwesimo sokuphikisana kwangaphambilini, kule nkambu awukwazi ukungena lutho, khona-ke uhlelo ngokuzenzakalelayo luzocabanga ukuthi kunenani elilingana no-zero.

   Ngemuva kokuthi yonke idatha ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



4. Emva kwalokhu, umphumela wokubala uboniswa esitokisini esiyikhethile esigabeni sokuqala saleli bhukwana. Njengoba ubona, ukubaluleka kwenkokhelo yenkokhelo yenyanga yonke yikho Ama-ruble angu-23536.74. Ungadideki ngu-"-" uphawu phambi kwalesi samba. Ngakho-ke i-Excel ibonisa ukuthi lokhu kungukungena kwemali, okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa.



5. Ukuze ubale inani lokukhokha lonke isikhathi sokubolekwa kwemali, ucabangela ukubuyiselwa kwemali yesibambiso kanye nentshisekelo yanyanga zonke, kwanele ukwandisa inani lenkokhelo yenyanga zonke (Ama-ruble angu-23536.74) ngenani lezinyanga (Izinyanga ezingu-24). Njengoba ungabona, inani lezinkokhelo zesikhathi sonke semalimboleko esikhungweni sethu silinganiselwe Ama-ruble angu-564881.67.



6. Manje ungakwazi ukubala inani lokukhokhwa ngokweqile ngemali mboleko. Ngalokhu udinga ukukhipha inani lemali ekhokhwa ngemalimboleko, kufaka phakathi isithakazelo kanye nomzimba wemboleko, inani lokuqala lokubolekwa. Kodwa sikhumbula ukuthi owokuqala kulezi zimiso usuvele usayina "-". Ngakho-ke, esimweni esinjalo, kuvela ukuthi kudingeka badonswe. Njengoba ubona, inani lokukhokhwa kwemali okubolekwa ngokubolekwa kwesikweletu sonke leso sikhathi silinganiselwe Ama-ruble angama-64881.67.

Isifundo: I-Excel umsebenzi wizard

Isigaba sesi-2: Imininingwane yokukhokha

Futhi manje, ngosizo lwamanye ama-opharetha, i-Excel izokwenza imininingwane yokukhokha yanyanga zonke ukuze ibone ukuthi singakhokhela kangakanani emzimbeni wesikweletu ngenyanga ethile, nokuthi inzalo engakanani inani. Kule njongo, sibheka ku-Excel itafula esizoligcwalisa ngemininingwane. Imigqa yale tafula izohambisana nesikhathi esifanayo, okungukuthi, inyanga. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isikhathi sokubonga esinakho 24 inyanga, khona-ke inani lemigqa lizofaneleka. Amakholomu akhombisa ukukhokhwa komzimba wemali mboleko, izinkokhelo zenzalo, inani lokukhokha ngenyanga, okuyi-sum of the columns zangaphambili, kanye nemali esele ezokhokhwa.

1. Ukunquma inani lokukhokha emzimbeni wemalimboleko usebenzisa lo msebenzi OSPLTokusho nje ngenhloso yalokhu. Setha isikhombisi kuseli, elisemgqeni "1" futhi kukholomu "Ukukhokha emzimbeni wemali mboleko". Sicindezela inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



2. Iya ku Umsebenzi weWebhu. Esikhathini "Izezimali" uphawu igama OSPLT bese ucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Iwindi lempendulo yomqhubi we-OSPLT lusiwe. Iqukethe i-syntax elandelayo:

   = OSPLT (Linganisa; I-Period; Kper; I-Ps; Bs)

   Njengoba ungabona, izingxabano zalolu msebenzi cishe zihambisana ngokuphelele nezimpikiswano zomqhubi I-PMT, esikhundleni senkambiso yokuzikhethela kuphela "Thayipha" Kungezwe ingxabano edingekayo "Isikhathi". Kubonisa inani lezinkokhelo zokukhokha, futhi esimweni esithile, inombolo yenyanga.

   Gcwalisa emasimini amafasitela ejwayelekile womsebenzi OSPLT idatha efanayo eyasetshenziselwa umsebenzi I-PMT. Kucatshangelwa kuphela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ukukopisha ifomu ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa kuzosetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukwenza zonke izixhumanisi emasimini ngokuphelele ukuze zingashintshi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ufake uphawu lwe-dollar phambi kwenani ngalinye lezixhumanisi ngokuqondile nangokwemvelo. Kodwa kulula ukwenza lokhu ngokumane ukhethe izixhumanisi futhi ucindezela ukhiye womsebenzi. F4. Isibonakaliso se-dollar sizobekwa ezindaweni ezizenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinga lonyaka kufanele lihlukaniswe 12.



4. Kodwa sishiywe ngenye ingxabano entsha, okwakungenayo umsebenzi I-PMT. Le mpikiswano "Isikhathi". Ensimini ehambelanayo sabeka isixhumanisi esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu. "Isikhathi". Le nto yekhredithi iqukethe inombolo "1"okukhombisa inombolo yenyanga yokuqala yokubonga. Kodwa ngokungafani nezinsimu zangaphambilini, ensimini ecacisiwe sishiya isixhumanisi sesixhumanisi, futhi asikhiphi ngokuphelele.

   Ngemuva kokuthi yonke idatha esayikhulume ngenhla ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



5. Ngemuva kwalokho, esitokisini esabelwe ngaphambili, inani lokukhokha emzimbeni wesikweletu ngenyanga yokuqala izoboniswa. Uzokwenza Ama-ruble angu-18536.74.



6. Khona-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kufanele sikopishe leli fomu kumaseli asele ekholomu besebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha isikhombisi ekhoneni elingaphansi lesokudla leseli, eliqukethe ifomula. I-cursor isuke ishintshela esiphambanweni, esibizwa ngokuthi uphawu lokugcwalisa. Bamba inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uyihudula phansi ekugcineni kwetafula.



7. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke amaseli ekholomu agcwele. Manje sinezinhlelo zokukhokhwa kwemali ngenyanga. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani lokukhokha kwalesi sihloko liyakhula ngenkathi ngayinye entsha.



8. Manje kudingeka senze izinkokhelo zenzalo njalo ngenyanga. Ngale njongo, sizosebenzisa opharetha PRPLT. Khetha iseli lokuqala elingenalutho kukholomu. "Inkokhelo yenzalo". Sicindezela inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



9. Ewindini lokuqalisa Amakhosi omsebenzi esigabeni "Izezimali" yenza ukukhethwa kwegama PRPLT. Yenza ngokuchofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".



10. I-window ye-arguments function iqala. PRPLT. I-syntax yayo ilandelayo:

    = PRPLT (Linganisa; I-Period; Kper; I-Ps; Bs)

    Njengoba ubona, izingxabano zalokhu msebenzi zifana ncamashi nalabo opharetha OSPLT. Ngakho-ke, sivele singene efasiteleni idatha efanayo esiyifakile efasiteleni lokuphambana langaphambilini. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi isixhumanisi ensimini "Isikhathi" kumele kube nesihlobo, futhi kuzo zonke ezinye izigaba izixhumanisi kumele zinciphise zibe ifomu eliphelele. Emva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



11. Khona-ke umphumela wokubala inani lokukhokha kwenzalo yemalimboleko ngenyanga yokuqala kuboniswa kuseli elifanele.



12. Uma sisebenzise uphawu lokugcwalisa, senza ikhophi yefomula ezakhiweni ezisele zekholomu, ngaleyo ndlela sithola isimiso sokukhokha nyangazonke senzalo ngemali mboleko. Njengoba ungabona, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lokukhokha kwehla kusukela ngenyanga kuya enyangeni.



13. Manje kufanele sibone ukukhokhwa kwenyanga njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu kubalwa, akufanele usebenzise noma yikuphi opharetha, njengoba ungasebenzisa ifomula elula ye-arithmetic. Gcwalisa okuqukethwe kwamaseli enyanga yokuqala yamakholomu "Ukukhokha emzimbeni wemali mboleko" futhi "Inkokhelo yenzalo". Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha uphawu "=" ku-cell cell yokuqala engenalutho "Ingqikithi yenkokhelo yenyanga". Bese uchofoza ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ezimbili, ubeke phakathi kwabo isibonakaliso "+". Sicindezela ukhiye Ngena.



14. Okulandelayo, usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, njengamacala angaphambilini, gcwalisa ikholomu ngemininingwane. Njengoba ubona, phakathi nesikhathi sesikweletu, inani lokukhokhwa kwenyanga njalo, okufaka ukukhokhelwa emzimbeni wemalimboleko kanye nokukhokha inzalo, kuyoba Ama-ruble angu-23536.74. Empeleni sesivele sibalwe ngalesi sibalo ekuqaleni ngosizo lwe I-PMT. Kodwa kulokhu, kuvezwa ngokucacile, ngokunembile njengenani lokukhokha emzimbeni wemali mboleko kanye nesithakazelo.



15. Manje udinga ukwengeza idatha kukholomu lapho ibhalansi yesamba semalimboleko esadingeka ukukhokhwa izoboniswa njalo ngenyanga. Esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Ukulinganisela okukhokhwa" Ukubala kuyoba okulula. Sidinga ukususa usayizi wokuqala wokuboleka imali, okuboniswa etafuleni ngemininingwane eyinhloko, ukukhokha emzimbeni wesikweletu ngenyanga yokuqala kutafula lokubala. Kodwa, unikezwe iqiniso lokuthi enye yezinombolo esivele sinayo ifika ngesibonakaliso "-", akufanele zisuswe, kodwa zifakwe. Yenza lokhu bese uchofoza inkinobho. Ngena.



16. Kodwa ukubalwa kwebhalansi okuzokhokhwa emva kwezinyanga ezimbili nezilandelayo kuzoba nzima nakakhulu. Ukuze senze lokhu, kudingeka sisuse inani eliphelele lezinkokhelo emzimbeni wemali-mboleko esikhathini esedlule kusukela emzimbeni wemalimboleko ekuqaleni komboleko. Setha uphawu "=" esitokisini sesibili sekholomu "Ukulinganisela okukhokhwa". Okulandelayo, ucacise isixhumanisi esiseli esine-initial loan loan. Senza konke ngokukhetha nokucindezela ukhiye. F4. Bese ubeka uphawu "+", ngoba inani lesibili liyoba nomphumela kithi. Emva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



17. Iqala Umsebenzi weWebhulapho udinga ukuthuthela esigabeni "Isibalo". Lapho sikhetha ukubhalwa "SUMM" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



18. Iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza iqala. SUM. Opharetha ocacisiwe usebenza ngokufingqa idatha kumaseli, okudingeka siwenze kukholomu "Ukukhokha emzimbeni wemali mboleko". Iqukethe i-syntax elandelayo:

    = SUM (inombolo1; inombolo2; ...)

    Izingxabano zibhekisela kumaseli aqukethe izinombolo. Sisa isikhombisi ensimini. "Number1". Khona-ke sibamba inkinobho yesinxele segundane bese ukhetha amaseli amabili okuqala ekholomu kushidi. "Ukukhokha emzimbeni wemali mboleko". Njengoba ubona, ukuxhumeka ebangeni kuboniswa ensimini. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ikholoni: okubhekisela kukholi lokuqala lobubanzi nokugcina. Ukuze ukwazi ukukopisha ifomu elibonisiwe esikhathini esizayo ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, senza ingxenye yokuqala yereferensi ebangeni eliphelele. Khetha bese uchofoza ukhiye womsebenzi. F4. Ingxenye yesibili yesixhumanisi ishiywe isihlobo. Manje uma usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, iseli lokuqala lobubanzi lizogcinwa, futhi owokugcina uyokwelula njengoba ehamba phansi. Yilokho esikudingayo ukufeza imigomo yethu. Okulandelayo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



19. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wesilinganiso semali sesikweletu emva kwenyanga yesibili kuboniswa esitokisini. Manje, kusukela kulolu seli, sikopisha ifomula ezingxenyeni ezingenalutho zekholomu usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa.



20. Ukubalwa kwenyanga kwezinkokhelo zemalimboleko kwenzelwe yonke isikhathi sesikweletu. Njengoba kufanele kube, ekupheleni kwethemu lesi sixazululo siyi-zero.

Ngakho-ke, asizange nje senze ukubalwa kokukhokhwa ngemalimboleko, kodwa sihlele uhlobo lokubala lokuboleka imali. Yikuphi okuzosebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-annuity. Uma kuthebula lombhalo thina, isibonelo, sishintsha ubukhulu bomboleko kanye nesilinganiso senzalo yonyaka, bese kuthi kuthebula lokugcina idatha izovuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, angasetshenzisiwe kanye kuphela ngesimo esithile, kodwa angasetshenziswa ezimweni ezehlukene zokubala izinketho zemali mboleko usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-annuity.

Isifundo: Imisebenzi Yezezimali ku-Excel

Njengoba ubona, usebenzisa i-Excel ekhaya, ungakwazi kalula ukubala inkokhelo yenkokhelo yenyanga yenyanga ngokusebenzisa i-annuity scheme, usebenzisa opharetha I-PMT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwemisebenzi OSPLT futhi PRPLT Ungakwazi ukubala inani lemali ekhokhwayo emzimbeni wemali mboleko futhi ngenzalo yenkathi ecacisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa konke lokhu kwemithwalo yemisebenzi ndawonye, ​​kungenzeka ukudala i-calculator enamandla kakhulu engasetshenziswa ngaphezulu kokukodwa ukubala inkokhelo yemali.