Iphutha elijwayelekile, noma, njengoba livame ukubizwa, i-arithmetic isho iphutha, ingenye yezinkomba ezibalo ezibalo. Ukusebenzisa le nkomba, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuphazamiseka kwesampuli. Kubaluleke nakakhulu lapho ubikezela. Ake sithole ukuthi ungabala kanjani iphutha elijwayelekile usebenzisa amathuluzi we-Microsoft Excel.
Ukubalwa kwesiphambeko sesilinganiso se-arithmetic
Enye yezinkomba ezibonisa ubuqotho kanye ne-homogeneity yesampula yiphutha elijwayelekile. Leli yi-root root of the variance. Ukuhluka okushoyo yilokho okushiwo yi-arithmetic. Isilinganiso se-arithmetic sibalwa ngokuhlukanisa inani eliphelele lezinto zesampula ngenombolo yabo yonke.
Ku-Excel, kunezindlela ezimbili zokubala iphutha elijwayelekile: usebenzisa isethi yemisebenzi bese usebenzisa amathuluzi wePhakheji yokuHlola. Ake sihlolisise ngayinye yalezi zinketho.
Indlela 1: Bala usebenzisa inhlanganisela yemisebenzi
Okokuqala, ake senze i-algorithm yezenzo ngesibonelo esithile sokubala iphutha lesigwebo se-arithmetic, besebenzisa le njongo inhlanganisela yemisebenzi. Ukwenza umsebenzi sidinga opharetha I-STANDOWCLON.V, I-ROOT futhi ACCOUNT.
Isibonelo, sizosebenzisa isampula yezinombolo eziyishumi nambili ezilethwe etafuleni.
- Khetha iseli lapho inani eliphelele lephutha elijwayelekile liyoboniswa khona, bese uchofoze kwisithonjana "Faka umsebenzi".
- Ivula Umsebenzi weWebhu. Ukuhambisa ukuvimba "Isitatimende". Uhlu lwamagama abonisiwe lukhetha igama "STANDOTKLON.V".
- Iwindi lempikiswano yesitatimende esingenhla iqalisiwe. I-STANDOWCLON.V eklanyelwe ukulinganisa ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesampula. Lesi sitatimende sine-syntax elandelayo:
= STDEV.V (inombolo1; inombolo2; ...)"Number1" futhi iziphakamiso ezilandelayo ziyizinombolo zamanani noma izinkomba zamaseli nezindawo zamasheya lapho zitholakala khona. Kukhona okungaba ngu-255 izimpikiswano zalolu hlobo. Kuphela ukuphikisana okudingekayo.
Ngakho, setha isikhangiso ensimini "Number1". Okulandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ugoqa inkinobho yesinxele segundane, ukhethe lonke uhla lwesampula eshadini ene-cursor. Izixhumanisi zalolu hlu ziboniswa masinyane emkhakheni wewindi. Ngemuva kwalokho sichofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Esitokisini kushidi kubonisa umphumela wokubala we-opharetha I-STANDOWCLON.V. Kodwa lokhu akuyona iphutha le-arithmetic kusho. Ukuze uthole inani elifunayo, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kufanele kwahlukaniswe umcabisho wesigcawu sezinombolo zesampuli. Ukuze uqhubeke nokubala, khetha iseli eliqukethe umsebenzi I-STANDOWCLON.V. Ngemuva kwalokhu, sibeka isikhombisi emgqeni wefomula futhi emva kwesisho esivele sikhona sinezela uphawu lwesigaba (/). Ngemva kwalokhu, sichofoza kwisithonjana soxantathu siphenduke phansi, esitholakala ngakwesokunxele kwebha yamakhemu. Uhlu lwemisebenzi esanda kusetshenziswa luvuleka. Uma uthola kulo igama lomqhubi "INHLOSI"bese uqhubeka leli gama. Uma kungenjalo, chofoza entweni "Ezinye izici ...".
- Qala futhi Amakhosi omsebenzi. Lesi sikhathi kufanele sivakashele isigaba "Isibalo". Kulolu hlu olukhethiwe khetha igama "INHLOSI" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza ivula. I-ROOT. Umsebenzi kuphela walena opharetha ukubala impande yendawo yenombolo enikeziwe. I-syntax yayo ilula kakhulu:
= INQUBO (inombolo)Njengoba ubona, umsebenzi unengxabano eyodwa kuphela. "Inombolo". Kungabelwa ngenani lezinombolo, ukubhekisela kweseli lapho kuqukethe khona, noma omunye umsebenzi obala le nombolo. Okukhethwa kukho okugcina kuzokwethula kusibonelo sethu.
Setha isikhombisi emkhakheni "Inombolo" bese uchofoza kunxantathu ejwayelekile, okubangela uhlu lwemisebenzi esetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu. Ufuna igama kulo "ACCOUNT". Uma sithola, ke uchofoze kuso. Esimweni esihlukile, futhi, hamba ngegama "Ezinye izici ...".
- Ewindini evulekile Amakhosi omsebenzi hamba eqenjini "Isitatimende". Lapho sikhetha igama "ACCOUNT" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza iqala. ACCOUNT. Opharetha ocacisiwe uklanyelwe ukubala inani lamaseli agcwele amanani ezinombolo. Esikhathini sethu, lizobala inani lezici zesampula bese libika umphumela ku-opharetha "umama". I-ROOT. I-syntax yalo msebenzi ilandelayo:
= COUNT (value1; value2; ...)Njengama-arguments "Value", okungaba yizicucu ezingu-255, zibhekisela emigqeni yamaseli. Faka i-cursor ensimini "Inani1", ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese ukhetha lonke uhla lwesampula. Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumanisi zayo zikhonjiswe ensimini, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ngemuva kwesenzo sokugcina, inani lamaseli agcwele izinombolo ngeke kubalwa kuphela, kodwa futhi iphutha lokulinganisa isilinganiso se-arithmetic lizobalwa, ngoba lokhu kwakuyi-stroke yokugcina emsebenzini kule fomula. Ubukhulu bephutha elijwayelekile livela esitokisini lapho ifomula eliyinkimbinkimbi litholakala khona, ifomu elijwayelekile kulokhu okulandelayo kulokhu okulandelayo:
= STDEV.V (B2: B13) / IJAMBO (ACCOUNT (B2: B13))Umphumela wokubala iphutha lombhalo usho ukuthi 0,505793. Masikhumbule le nombolo bese siyiqhathanisa nalowo esithola lapho sisingatha inkinga ngendlela elandelayo.
Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ama-sampuli amancane (ama-unit angama-30) wokunemba kangcono kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomula elishintshile kancane. Kulo, inani eliphambene lokuphambuka alihlukaniswa nomsuka wesigcawu sezinombolo zesampuli, kodwa ngomsuka wesikwele wenani lezakhi zesampula ezingasodwa. Ngakho, ngokucabangela ama-nuances esampula encane, ifomu lethu lizothatha leli fomu elilandelayo:
= STDEV.V (B2: B13) / IJAMBO (ACCOUNT (B2: B13) -1)
Isifundo: Imisebenzi Yokwenza Izibalo ku-Excel
Indlela 2: Sebenzisa Ithuluzi Lokuchaza Izibalo
Indlela yesibili yokubala iphutha elijwayelekile ku-Excel ukusebenzisa ithuluzi "Izibalo ezichazayo"kufakwe ku-toolkit "Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha" ("I-Package Analysis"). "Izibalo ezichazayo" iqhuba ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesampula ngokusho kwezinqubo ezehlukene. Omunye wabo uthola nje iphutha lokuqondiswa kwe-arithmetic.
Kodwa ukuze usebenzise leli thuba, kufanele usebenze ngokushesha "I-Package Analysis", njengoba ngokuzenzakalelayo kukhutshaziwe ku-Excel.
- Ngemuva kokuthi idokhumenti yesampula ivuliwe, iya kuthebhu "Ifayela".
- Okulandelayo, besebenzisa imenyu engakwesokunxele, hambisa into yayo kusigaba "Izinketho".
- Iwindi yemingcele ye-Excel iqala. Engxenyeni yesobunxele yale festile kukhona imenyu esithuthela kuso esigatshaneni Engeza-ons.
- Ngaphansi kwefasitela elivela, kukhona insimu "Ukuphathwa". Sabeka ipharamitha kuyo Faka i-Excel bese uchofoza inkinobho "Hamba ..." kwesokudla sakhe.
- Iwindow enezelayo iqala ngohlu lwezkripthi ezitholakalayo. Thepha igama "I-Package Analysis" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ngakwesokudla kwes window.
- Ngemuva kwesenzo sokugcina, iqembu elisha lamathuluzi lizovela ku-ribbon, elinalo igama "Ukuhlaziywa". Ukuze uye kuso, chofoza igama lethebhu "Idatha".
- Ngemuva kokuguquka, chofoza inkinobho "Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ukuhlaziywa"elitholakala ekugcineni kwetheyipu.
- Iwindi yokukhetha ithuluzi lokuhlaziya liqala. Khetha igama "Izibalo ezichazayo" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ngakwesokudla.
- Iwindi lamasethingi wethuluzi lokuhlaziywa kwezibalo ezihlanganisiwe liqalisiwe. "Izibalo ezichazayo".
Ensimini "Isikhathi sokufaka" kufanele ucacise ububanzi bamaseli etafuleni lapho isampula ehlaziywe khona. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza lokhu ngesandla, noma kungenzeka, ngakho-ke sibeka isikhombisi ensimu ecacisiwe futhi, inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele igcinwe phansi, ukhethe uhlu oluhambisanayo lwedatha ekhasini. Izixhumanisi zayo zizoboniswa masinyane emkhakheni wewindi.
Ku-block "Ukuqoqa" shiya izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo. Okusho ukuthi, inkinobho kufanele ihlale eduze nendawo "Ngamakholomu". Uma kungenjalo, kufanele kulungiswe kabusha.
Thepha "Amathegi eyokuqala" ayikwazi ukufaka. Ngoba isixazululo sombuzo wethu akubalulekile.
Okulandelayo, iya kuzilungiselelo zokuvimba "Izinketho zokukhipha". Lapha kufanele ucacise ukuthi impela imiphumela yesikalo sesithuluzi izoboniswa. "Izibalo ezichazayo":
- Eshidi elisha;
- Encwadini entsha (enye ifayela);
- Kububanzi obucacisiwe beshidi langamanje.
Ake sikhethe okugcina kulezi zinketho. Ukwenza lokhu, thuthela ushintsho endaweni "Isikhala sokuPhuma" bese usetha isikhombisi ensimini ngokuphambene nale parametri. Ngemuva kwalokho sichofoza kushidi ngeseli, ezoba yinto ephezulu kwesokunxele yedatha yokukhipha idatha. Izixhumanisi zayo kufanele ziboniswe endle lapho sasibeke khona isikhangiso ngaphambili.
Lokhu okulandelayo yisivimbela amasethingi esinqumayo ukuthi iyiphi idatha oyidingayo ukungena:
- Izibalo zesifinyeto;
- Q th ngobukhulu;
- Okuncane kunabo bonke;
- Izinga lokuthembeka
Ukuze unqume iphutha elijwayelekile, qiniseka ukuhlola ibhokisi eduze "Ukufingqa Izibalo". Ngokuphambene nazo zonke izinto esiziphazamisayo ekuhlakanipheni kwethu. Ngeke kuthinte isixazululo somsebenzi wethu oyinhloko nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Emva kwazo zonke izilungiselelo efasiteleni "Izibalo ezichazayo" efakwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ngakwesokudla.
- Emva kwalesi thuluzi "Izibalo ezichazayo" ibonisa imiphumela yesampula yokucubungula eshadini samanje. Njengoba ubona, kunezinkomba eziningana ezihlukahlukene zezibalo, kodwa phakathi kwazo yizo esizidingayo - "Iphutha elijwayelekile". Ilingana nenombolo 0,505793. Lokhu kuyindlela efanayo efanayo esiyifinyelela ngokusebenzisa ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi lapho echaza indlela eyedlule.
Isifundo: Izibalo ezichazayo ku-Excel
Njengoba ubona, ku-Excel ungabala iphutha elijwayelekile ngezindlela ezimbili: usebenzisa isethi yemisebenzi bese usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlaziya iphakethe "Izibalo ezichazayo". Umphumela wokugcina uzoba okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indlela kuncike ekusebenzeni komsebenzisi kanye nomsebenzi othize. Isibonelo, uma i-arithmetic iphutha lisho iphutha elilodwa kuphela lezinkomba zesampula ezithatha izibalo okufanele zibalwa, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithuluzi "Izibalo ezichazayo". Kodwa uma udinga ukubala le nqubo kuphela, ngakho-ke ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa idatha eyengeziwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulesi simo, umphumela wokubala uhambisana neseli elilodwa leshidi.
