Indlela yokuvula amafayela we-MDX

I-Inkscape iyithuluzi elidumile kakhulu lokudala ihluzo ze-vector. Isithombe kuso asikhishwe ngamaphikseli, kodwa ngosizo lwemizila ehlukahlukene kanye nobujamo. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zale ndlela yikhono lokukhipha isithombe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi, okungeke kwenzeke ngehluzo ze-raster. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngamasu ayisisekelo wokusebenza ku-Inkscape. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlaziya isikhombimsebenzisi sesicelo bese sinikeza amanye amathiphu.

Landa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Inkscape

Ama-basics ase-Inkscape

Lezi zinto zigxile kakhulu kubasebenzisi besikhombisi se-Inkscape. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma kuphela ngamasu ayisisekelo asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana nomhleli. Uma ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko unemibuzo ngayinye, ungawacela kumazwana.

Uhlelo lwesikhombimsebenzisi

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuchaza amandla omhleli, singathanda ukukhuluma kancane ngokuthi i-Inkscape yesikhombimsebenzisi kanjani. Lokhu kuzokuvumela esikhathini esizayo ukuthi uthole ngokushesha lezi noma ezinye amathuluzi bese uhamba endaweni yokusebenzela. Ngemuva kokuqalwa, iwindi le-editor linamafomu alandelayo.

Kuphelele, kunezindawo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko:

Imenyu enkulu

Lapha ngesimo sezinto ezingezansi kanye namamenyu wehlisa phansi aqoqwa imisebenzi ewusizo kakhulu ongayisebenzisa uma udala ihluzo. Esilandelayo, sizochaza ezinye zazo. Ngokwehlukana, ngingathanda ukukhuluma ngemenyu yokuqala - "Ifayela". Kulapha ukuthi amaqembu adumile atholakalayo "Vula", "Gcina", "Dala" futhi "Thayipha".

Umsebenzi uqala naye ezimweni eziningi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uma i-Inkscape iqalisiwe, indawo yokusebenzela ye-210 × 297 mm (i-A4 sheet) idalwe. Uma kunesidingo, le mingcele ingashintshwa kwendima encane "Izakhiwo Zomqulu". Ngendlela, kulapha ukuthi nganoma isiphi isikhathi ungashintsha umbala wangemuva wendwangu.

Ngokuchofoza umugqa ocacisiwe, uzobona iwindi elisha. Kulo, ungabeka usayizi wendawo yokusebenza ngokuvumelana namazinga avamile noma ucacise inani lakho emasimini afanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashintsha ukuma kwedokhumenti, susa umngcele bese usetha umbala wangemuva wendwangu.

Siphakamisa futhi ukungena kwimenyu. Hlela futhi unike amandla ukuboniswa kwephaneli yomlando wesenzo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlehlise izenzo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Le phaneli izovuleka ngakwesokudla kwenguwindi yomhleli.

Ibha yamathuluzi

Yile phaneli ozoyijwayela ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho udweba. Nazi zonke izinhlobo kanye nemisebenzi. Ukuze ukhethe into oyifunayo, chofoza nje kwisithonjana sayo kanye nenki yegundane lesokunxele. Uma nje uhamba phezu kwesithombe sethuluzi, uzobona iwindi le-pop-up enegama nencazelo.

Izakhiwo zethuluzi

Ngeli qembu lezici ungakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso imingcele yethuluzi elikhethiwe. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ubuhle, ubukhulu, ububanzi be-radius, i-angle of inclination, inani lama-angles, nokuningi. Ngamunye wabo unesethi yezinketho zakhe.

I-Panel Options Panel ne-Bar Bar

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, zitholakala eceleni, ngakwesokudla kwewindi lesicelo futhi zibukeka kanje:

Njengoba igama lisho, iphaneli yokukhethwa kukho okukhethwa kukho (leli yigama elisemthethweni) likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi into yakho izozihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo enye into. Uma kunjalo, kufanelekile ngempela ukukwenza - kuya esikhungweni, ama-node, iziqondiso, njalonjalo. Uma ufisa, ungakhubaza ngokuphelele konke ukunamathela. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ehambelana iphaneli.

Ku-bar bar, futhi, wenza izinto ezisemqoka kwimenyu "Ifayela", futhi wanezela imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokugcwalisa, ukukala, ukuqoqa izinto nezinto ezithile.

Amabhuthi ombala nesibha sesimo

Lezi zindawo ezimbili nazo ziseduze. Zitholakala phansi ezansi bese zibukeka kanje:

Lapha ungakhetha umbala oyifunayo wokuma, ukugcwalisa noma ukushaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso kwibha yomumo okuzokuvumela ukuba usondeza noma uphume. Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, lokhu akukona okulula ukukwenza. Vele ukhiye ukhiye "Ctrl" kwikhibhodi bese uvula isondo segundane phezulu noma phansi.

Indawo yokusebenzela

Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yefasitela lesicelo. Yilapho i-canvas yakho ikhona khona. Ngaphakathi nomkhawulo wendawo yokusebenzela, uzobona izakhi ezikuvumela ukuthi upheqa ifasitela noma phezulu njengoba usondeza. Ephezulu nakwesobunxele kukhona ababusi. Ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ubukhulu bomfanekiso, futhi ubeke iziqondiso uma kunesidingo.

Ukusetha iziqondiso, vele uhambise igundane kumbusi oqondile noma oqondile, bese ubamba inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese uhudula umugqa ovela esiqondisweni esifuna. Uma udinga ukususa umhlahlandlela, bese ususe futhi kumlawuli.

Yizo zonke izici zobuso esizifunayo ukukutshela mayelana nendawo yokuqala. Manje ake sihambe ngqo kwizibonelo ezisebenzayo.

Layisha isithombe noma udale ingubo

Uma uvula isithombe se-bitmap kumhleli, ungaqhubeka uyiqedile noma ngesandla udwebe isithombe se-vector kulandela isibonelo.

1. Ukusebenzisa imenyu "Ifayela" noma inhlanganisela esemqoka "Ctrl + O" vula iwindi lokukhetha ifayela. Maka umqulu oyifunayo bese ucindezela inkinobho "Vula".



2. Imenyu ibonakala ngezinketho zokungenisa isithombe se-raster ku-Inkscape. Zonke izinto zishiywa zingashintshi bese ucindezela inkinobho. "Kulungile".

Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe esikhethiwe sizovela endaweni yokusebenza. Ubukhulu be-tovas buzofana ngokuzenzakalelayo nesinqumo sesithombe. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kungama-pixels angu-1920 × 1080. Ingahle ishintshwe njalo kwenye into. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ikhwalithi yesithombe ngeke ishintshe. Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa noma yisiphi isithombe njengomthombo, khona-ke ungamane usebenzise umshini owenzelwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Sika isiqephu sesithombe

Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesimo lapho ukucubungula akudingeki isithombe sonke, kodwa kuphela indawo yaso ethize. Kulokhu, nansi indlela yokuqhubeka:

1. Ukukhetha ithuluzi "Ama-Rectangles kanye nezikwele".
2. Khetha ingxenye yesithombe ofuna ukusika. Ukuze senze lokhu, sibopha isithombe ngesinxele segundane bese sisonga kunoma iyiphi indlela. Khipha inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese ubona umugqa. Uma udinga ukulungisa imingcele, bese ubamba upende kwenye yezingxenyana bese uphuma.



3. Okulandelayo, shintsha kwimodi "Isolation and Transformation".



4. Bamba ukhiye kukhibhodi "Shift" bese uchofoza inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphakathi kwesikwele esikhethiwe.
5. Manje iya kwimenyu "Into" bese ukhetha into emakwe esithombeni ngezansi.

Ngenxa yalokho, indawo ekhethiwe ekhethiwe yengubo izohlala. Ungaqhubeka nesinyathelo esilandelayo.

Sebenzisa ngezendlalelo

Ukufaka izinto ezintendeni ezihlukene ngeke nje kukhulule isikhala, kodwa futhi ugweme izinguquko ezingavamile embonini wokudweba.

1. Sicindezela inhlanganisela eyinhloko ekhibhodi "Ctrl + Shift + L" noma inkinobho "I-Palette ye-Layer" emgqeni wokula.



2. Ewindini elisha elivula, chofoza inkinobho. "Engeza isendlalelo".



3. Iwindi elincane lizovela lapho kufanele unikeze igama esendeni esisha. Faka igama bese uchofoza "Engeza".



4. Manje ukhethe isithombe futhi uchofoze kuso ngenkinobho yegundane efanele. Emenyu yomongo, chofoza kulayini Hambisa ku-Layer.



5. Ifasitela izophinde ibonakale. Kusukela ohlwini, khetha isendlalelo lapho isithombe sidluliselwa khona, bese uchofoza inkinobho yokuqinisekisa ehambisanayo.



6. Yilokho kuphela. Isithombe sisebunqeni olungakwesokudla. Ukuze uthembeke, ungayilungisa ngokuchofoza esithombeni sokukhiya eduze kwegama.

Ngale ndlela, ungakha izendlalelo eziningi njengoba uthanda futhi udlulise umumo oyifunayo noma into kunoma yimuphi wabo.

Ukudweba ama-Rectangles kanye nezikwele

Ukuze udwebe izibalo ezingenhla, kumele usebenzise ithuluzi legama elifanayo. Ukulandelana kwezenzo kuyoba kanje:

1. Chofoza kanye inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele ku-inkinobho yezinto ezihambelana nophaneli.



2. Ngemuva kwalokho, thumela isikhombisi segundane emgqeni. Bamba inkinobho yokupenda bese uqala ukudweba isithombe esivelayo soxande ngendlela efanele. Uma udinga ukudweba isikwele, vele ubambe phansi "Ctrl" ngenkathi udweba.



3. Uma uchofoza kunento enenkinobho yesinxele yesokudla bese ukhetha into emenyu ebonakalayo Gcwalisa nokushayake ungakwazi ukulungisa imingcele ehambelanayo. Lezi zihlanganisa umbala, uhlobo nobunzima be-contour, kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo zokugcwaliswa.



4. Emgqeni womhlaba wamathuluzi uzothola izinketho ezifana "Okulinganiselwe" futhi I-Radius ecacile. Ngokushintsha lezi zindinganiso, ujikeleza emaphethelweni womumo odwetshiwe. Ungalungisa lezi zinguquko ngokuchofoza inkinobho. "Susa izinkomba zokuzungeza".



5. Ungathutha into ekhoneni usebenzisa ithuluzi "Isolation and Transformation". Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ubambe upende emgqeni bese uyithuthela endaweni efanele.

Ukudweba imibuthano kanye nokuvota

Imibuthano e-Inkscape idonselwa kumgomo ofanayo njengama-rectangles.

1. Khetha ithuluzi elifanele.
2. Ngendwangu, phinda inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese uhambisa isikhombisi kusiqondiso esifisa.



3. Ukusebenzisa lezi zakhiwo, ungashintsha umbono jikelele wombuthano kanye ne-angle yayo yokujikeleza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane ucacise izinga elifunayo ensimini efanele bese ukhetha enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zemibuthano.



4. Njengasekusebeni lwamacangechunge, imibuthano ingasethwa ukuze igcwalise nombala wokushaya ngesimo semenyu.
5. Into idluliselwa emgqeni futhi isebenzisa umsebenzi "Qinisekisa".

Ukudweba izinkanyezi nama-polygoni

Ama-polygoni we-Inkscape angadonselwa kumasekhondi ambalwa nje. Kulokho ithuluzi elikhethekile elikuvumela ukuba uhlele kahle-izibalo zalolu hlobo.

1. Yenza kusebenze ithuluzi kuphaneli "Izinkanyezi namaPolygone".
2. Cisha inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele engxoxweni bese uhambisa isikhombisi kunoma yisiphi isiqondiso esitholakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uthola isibalo esilandelayo.



3. Kulezi zakhiwo zethuluzi, ungasetha imingcele njengokuthi "Inani lama-angles", "Radius ratio", "Ukujikeleza" futhi "Ukuphazamiseka". Ukushintsha kwabo, uzothola imiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele.



4. Izakhiwo ezinjengombala, ukushaya isisu, nokunyakaza kulo lonke uguquko lwendwangu ngendlela efanayo nakwezinye izibalo zangaphambilini.

Ukudweba imiklamo ye-spirals

Lesi yisibalo sokugcina esingathanda ukukutshela mayelana nalesi sihloko. Inqubo yokudweba ayifani neze neyedlule.

1. Khetha into kwibha yamathuluzi "Imimoya".
2. Vimba endaweni yokusebenza nge-LMB bese uhambisa isikhombisi segundane, ngaphandle kokukhulula inkinobho, kunoma iyiphi indlela.



3. Emgqeni womhlaba, ungakwazi njalo ukushintsha inani lokujika kwe-helix, inkomba yangaphakathi nengaphandle kwebala.



4. Ithuluzi "Qinisekisa" ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe isimo futhi uhambise ngaphakathi kwendwangu.

Ukuhlela ama-node nama-lever

Naphezu kokuba zonke izibalo zilula, noma yiziphi zazo zingashintshwa ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Siyabonga ngalokhu kanye nezithombe ezivela ku-vector. Ukuze uhlele izakhi zezinto, kudingeka wenze okulandelayo:

1. Khetha noma yikuphi into edonswe ngethuluzi "Qinisekisa".



2. Okulandelayo, iya kwimenyu "Ukuncintisana" bese ukhetha into evela kuhlu lokulinganiswa "Into yokuncintisana".



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, vula ithuluzi "Ukuhlela ama-node nama-levers".



4. Manje udinga ukukhetha yonke isibalo. Uma wenza konke ngokufanele, ama-node azodwetshwa umbala ogcwalayo wento.
5. Ephaneli yendawo, chofoza inkinobho yokuqala. "Faka ama-node".



6. Ngenxa yalokho, amasha azovela phakathi kwama-node asevele ekhona.

Lesi senzo singenziwa hhayi sonke isibalo, kodwa kuphela ngesigaba esikhethiwe. Ngokwengeza amashadi amasha, ungashintsha umumo wento ngokuningi nokuningi. Ukwenza lokhu, mane nje uhambise igundane phezu kwe-node oyifunayo, ubambe i-LMB bese unwebisa isici kusiqondiso esifisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa leli thuluzi ukudonsa onqenqemeni. Ngakho-ke, indawo yento izoba ngaphezulu noma i-convex.

Ukudweba okungahambisani nemibono

Ngelo msebenzi ungadonsela kokubili imigqa eqondile nokubunjwa okungaqondakali. Konke kwenziwa ngokumane kakhulu.

1. Khetha ithuluzi enegama elifanele.



2. Uma ufuna ukudweba umugqa ongacabangi, bese uqeda inkinobho yesinxele segundane kunoma iyiphi indawo. Lokhu kuzoba yingxenye yokuqala komdwebo. Ngemuva kwalokho, gcina isikhombisi ekuqondeni lapho ufuna ukubona lo mkhakha ofanayo.
3. Ungaphinda uchofoze kanye nenkinobho yesinxele yesinxele emgqeni bese welula i-pointer kunoma iyiphi indlela. Umphumela uba yindawo ephelele.

Qaphela ukuthi imigqa, njengezibunjwa, ingahanjiswa eceleni kwendwangu, izakhi ezihleliwe nezihleliwe.

Ukudweba amaphuzu e-Bezier

Leli thuluzi lizovumela futhi ukusebenza ngezintambo eziqondile. Kuzoba usizo kakhulu ezimweni lapho udinga ukwenza uhlaka lwezinto usebenzisa imigqa eqondile noma udwebe okuthile.

1. Yenza umsebenzi usebenze, obizwa ngokuthi - "Ijika le-Bezier nemigqa eqondile".



2. Okulandelayo, yenza okuchofoza ngakwesokunxele ngakwesokunxele. Iphuzu ngalinye lizoxhunyaniswa ngomugqa oqondile nomunye wangaphambilini. Uma ngesikhathi esisodwa ukubamba upende, khona-ke ungakwazi ukugoba ngokushesha lo mzila oqondile.



3. Njengazo zonke ezinye izimo, ungakwazi nganoma isiphi isikhathi faka amashadi amasha kuwo wonke imigqa, ushintshe futhi uhambise isici somfanekiso ophumela.

Ukusebenzisa ipeni le-calligraphic

Njengoba igama libonisa, leli thuluzi lizokuvumela ukuthi wenze ama-lettering amahle noma izakhi zesithombe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ukhethe, hlela izakhiwo (angle, ukulungiswa, ububanzi, njalonjalo) futhi ungaqala ukudweba.

Ukungeza umbhalo

Ngaphandle kobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nemigqa, kumhleli ochazwe ungasebenza futhi ngombhalo. Isici esihlukile sale nqubo ukuthi ekuqaleni umbhalo ungabhalwa ngisho nasendlini encane kunazo zonke. Kodwa uma ukwandisa kuze kube sezingeni eliphakeme, ikhwalithi yesithombe ayilahlekile neze. Inqubo yokusebenzisa umbhalo ku-Inkscape ilula kakhulu.

1. Ukukhetha ithuluzi "Izinto Zombhalo".
2. Sitshengisa izindawo zayo kwiphaneli elihambelanayo.
3. Beka isikhombisi endaweni yesikhumba lapho sifuna ukubeka khona umbhalo. Esikhathini esizayo singasuswa. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuthi ususe umphumela uma ngabe ufake ngephutha endaweni engafanele.
4. Kuhlala nje ukuloba umbhalo ofunayo.

I-sprayer yenjongo

Kunesici esisodwa esithakazelisayo kule mhleli. Ikuvumela ukuba ugcwalise ngokoqobo indawo yonke yokusebenzela ngezibalo ezifanayo kumasekhondi ambalwa nje. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zalo msebenzi, ngakho-ke sanquma ukungayidluli.

1. Into yokuqala okudingayo ukudweba ngendwangu kunoma yikuphi ukuma noma into.
2. Okulandelayo, khetha umsebenzi "Hlanganisa Izinto".
3. Uzobona umbuthano wendawo ethile. Lungisa izindawo zalo, uma kunesidingo. Lezi zihlanganisa irejista yombuthano, inani lokubunjwa okufanele ludonse, njalonjalo.
4. Hambisa ithuluzi endaweni endaweni yokusebenzela lapho ufuna khona ukudala ama-clones we-element edwetshiwe ngaphambilini.
5. Bamba i-LMB bese uyibamba uma nje ubona kufanelekile.

Umphumela okufanele ube nawo mayelana nalokhu okulandelayo.

Ukususa izinto

Ngokuqinisekile uzovumelana neqiniso lokuthi akukho mdwebo ongakwenza ngaphandle kwe-eraser. Futhi i-Inkscape ayikho into ehlukile. Sithanda ukukhuluma ukuthi singasusa kanjani izinto ezidwetshiwe kusukela kwendwangu.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma iyiphi into noma iqembu lalabo lingakhetha ukhethe umsebenzi "Qinisekisa". Uma emva kwalokho cindezela ukhiye wekhibhodi "Del" noma "Susa", ke zonke izinto zizosuswa. Kodwa uma ukhetha ithuluzi elikhethekile, ungakwazi ukusula izingcezu ezithile zomfanekiso noma isithombe. Lo msebenzi usebenza ngesimiso se-eraser ku-Photoshop.

Yizo zonke izinkambiso eziyinhloko esingathanda ukukhuluma ngazo kule ndaba. Ngokuzihlanganisana nomunye nomunye, ungakha izithombe ze-vector. Yiqiniso, ku-Arsenal ye-Inkscape kunezinye izici eziningi eziwusizo. Kodwa ukuze uwasebenzise, ​​kubalulekile ukuthi ube nolwazi olujulile kakade. Khumbula ukuthi nganoma isiphi isikhathi ungacela umbuzo wakho emazwini alesi sihloko. Futhi uma usuke ufunda lesi sihloko, ungabaza ngesidingo salesi sihleli, bese sikhuthaza ukuba uzijwayele ngokufana nazo. Phakathi kwabo ngeke uthole kuphela abahleli be-vector, kodwa futhi ama-raster one.

Funda kabanzi: Ukuqhathaniswa kwesofthiwe yokuhlela isithombe