Unyaka wesikole usanda kuqalwa, kodwa maduzane abafundi bazoqala ukwenza umklamo, imidwebo, inkambo, umsebenzi wesayensi. Kulohlobo lwezincwadi, ngokuqinisekile, kufakazela izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokubhalisa. Phakathi kwabo, ukuba khona kwekhasi lesitifiketi, inothi elichazayo futhi, eqinisweni, ozimele nezitembu, ezidalwe ngokuhambisana ne-GOST.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza ifreyimu eZwini
Umfundi ngamunye unendlela yakhe eyakhelwe ekudalweni kwamadokhumenti, kodwa kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwenza izitembu zekhasi le-A4 ku-MS Word.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza i-Word A3 ifomethi eZwini
Ukuphula idokhumenti ngezigaba
Into yokuqala okudingeka yenziwe ukuhlukanisa idokhumenti ngezigaba eziningana. Kungani uyidinga? Ukuze uhlukanise ithebula lokuqukethwe, ikhasi lekhasi kanye nengxenye eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilokho ongabeka khona ifreyimu (isitembu) kuphela lapho kudingwa ngempela (ingxenye eyinhloko yedokhumenti), ungawuvumeli ukuba "ukhuphuke" futhi uhambe kwezinye izingxenye zedokhumenti.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza ikhasi liphule eZwini
1. Vula idokhumenti ofuna ukwenza isitembu, bese uya kuthebhu "Ukuhlelwa".
Qaphela: Uma usebenzisa iZwi 2010 nangaphambilini, uzothola amathuluzi adingekayo ekwakheni ikhefu kuthebhu "Ukuhlelwa Kwekhasi".
Chofoza inkinobho "Ukuphulwa kwekhasi" bese ukhetha kwimenyu yokudonsa "Ikhasi elilandelayo".
3. Yiya ekhasini elilandelayo bese udala elinye igebe.
Qaphela: Uma kunezingxenye ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 kumadokhumenti wakho, yakha inombolo edingekayo yekhefu (kusibonelo sethu, kuthathe amakhefu amabili ukwakha izigaba ezintathu).
4. Inombolo edingekayo yezigaba izokwenziwa kudokhumenti.
Ukuqedwa kokuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba
Ngemuva kokuthi siphule idokhumenti sibe yizigaba, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwesitembu esizayo kulawo makhasi akufanele kube khona.
1. Yiya kuthebhu "Faka" futhi wandise imenyu yenkinobho "Ngonyawo" (iqembu "Izinyawo").
2. Khetha into "Shintsha ukuhamba ngezinyawo".
3. Kwesibili, nakuzo zonke izigaba ezilandelayo, chofoza "Njengasesigaba sangaphambilini" (iqembu "Izinguquko") - lokhu kuzokwephula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba. Izinyawo lapho isitembu sethu esizayo esizotholakala khona ngeke siphindwe.
4. Vala imodi yekhanda ngokuchofoza inkinobho "Vala ifasitela lezinyawo" kwiphaneli yokulawula.
Ukudala ifreyimu yesitembu
Manje, eqinisweni, ungaqhubeka ukudala uhlaka, ubukhulu bokuthi kufanele, ngokuvumelana, kufanele buhambisane ne-GOST. Ngakho, indents ezivela emaphethelweni ekhasi lohlaka kufanele abe namanani alandelayo:
20 x 5 x 5 x 5 mm
1. Vula ithebhu "Ukuhlelwa" bese uchofoza "Izinsimu".
Isifundo: Ukushintsha nokubeka amasimu eZwini
2. Emenyu yokudonsa, khetha "Amasimu Wokwezifiso".
3. Ewindini elivela phambi kwakho, setha amanani alandelayo ngamamitha:
4. Chofoza "Kulungile" ukuvala iwindi.
Manje udinga ukusetha umngcele wekhasi.
1. Kuthebhu "Umklamo" (noma "Ukuhlelwa Kwekhasi") chofoza inkinobho ngegama elifanele.
2. Ewindini "Imingcele Nokugcwalisa"okuvula ngaphambi kwakho, ukhethe uhlobo "Uhlaka", futhi esigabeni "Faka isicelo" ucacise "Lesi sigaba".
3. Chofoza inkinobho "I-paramameters"etholakala ngaphansi kwesigaba "Faka isicelo".
4. Ewindini ebonakalayo, setha okulandelayo amanani ensimu "Fri":
5. Emva kokucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile" emafasiteleni amabili avuliwe, uhlaka lwezinkinobho ezicacisiwe luzovela esigabeni esifunayo.
Dala isitembu
Sekuyisikhathi sokwakha isitembu noma isitifiketi setihloko, okudingeka sidinga ukufaka itafula kukhasi lezinyawo.
1. Chofoza kabili phansi kwekhasi ofuna ukufaka isitembu.
2. Umhleli wezinyawo uvula, futhi ngethebhu "Umakhi".
3. eqenjini "Isikhundla" shintsha kokubili imigqa inani lezinyawo ngezinga elijwayelekile 1,25 kuqhubeke 0.
4. Yiya kuthebhu "Faka" bese ufaka itafula ngokulinganisa kwemigqa engu-8 namakholomu angu-9.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza itafula eZwini
5. Chofoza inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele ngakwesokunxele kwetafula uphinde uhudule kumkhawulo wesokunxele wedokhumenti. Ungenza okufanayo kumkhawulo ofanele (nakuba esikhathini esizayo uzobe usashintsha).
6. Khetha wonke amaseli wetafula elengeziwe bese uya kuthebhu "Ukuhlelwa"etholakala esigabeni esikhulu "Ukusebenzisana namatafula".
7. Shintsha ukuphakama kweseli 0,5 bheka
8. Manje udinga ukushintshanisa ngokuhlukile ububanzi bekholomu ngayinye. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha amakholomu ekuqondeni ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla bese ushintshe ububanzi bawo epanini lokulawula kuya kumanani alandelayo (ngokulandelana):
9. Hlanganisa amaseli njengoba kuboniswe ku-skrini. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa imiyalelo yethu.
Isifundo: Ungahlanganisa kanjani amaseli eZwini
10. Isitembu esihlangabezana nezidingo ze-GOST zenziwe. Ihlala kuphela ukuyigcwalisa. Yiqiniso, konke kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezinikezwe uthisha, isikhungo sezemfundo kanye nezindinganiso ezamukelekayo.
Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa izihloko zethu ukushintsha ifonti bese uyivumelanisa.
Izifundo:
Ungashintsha kanjani ifonti
Indlela yokuvumelanisa umbhalo
Indlela yokwenza ukuphakama okuhleliwe kwamaseli
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwamaseli etafula akuguquki njengoba ufaka umbhalo kuwo, sebenzisa usayizi wefonti encane (ngamaseli amancane), futhi ulandele lezi zinyathelo:
1. Khetha wonke amaseli etafula lesitembu bese uchofoza ngakwesokudla bese ukhetha into "Izakhiwo zethebula".
Qaphela: Njengoba isitembu setafuleni sisezinyaweni, ukukhethwa kwawo wonke amaseli awo (ikakhulukazi emva kokuhlanganiswa kwazo) kungabangela inkinga. Uma uhlangabezana nenkinga enjalo, khetha kuzo izingxenye futhi wenze izenzo ezichazwe esigabeni ngasinye samaseli akhethiwe ngokwahlukana.
2. Chofoza kuthebhu efasiteleni evula. "Umzila" futhi esigabeni "Usayizi" ensimini "Imodi" khetha "Ngokuqondile".
3. Chofoza "Kulungile" ukuvala iwindi.
Nasi isibonelo esithobekile salokho ongakwenza ngemuva kokugcwalisa kancane isitembu bese uhlanganisa umbhalo kuwo:
Yilokho konke, manje wazi kahle ukuthi ungenza kanjani isitembu eZwini futhi kufanele uhlonipheke ngokufanele uthisha. Uhlala nje ukuze uthole ibanga elihle, okwenza umsebenzi ufundise futhi ufundise.
