Ukuhlola izinga lokungalingani phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zabantu, umphakathi uvame ukusebenzisa ijika leLornz kanye nenkomba yalo eyatholakala, umthamo we-Ginny. Ngosizo lwabo kunokwenzeka ukuthi banqume ukuthi i-gap yenhlalo emphakathini inkulu kangakanani phakathi kwezingxenye ezicebile kakhulu nabampofu kakhulu. Ngosizo lwezinto ze-Excel, ungenza lula kakhulu inqubo yokwakha ijika leLornz. Ake siqonde ukuthi ku-Excel imvelo kanjani lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenza.
Ukusebenzisa ijika le-Lorenz
Ijika le-Lorenz ngumsebenzi wokusabalalisa ovamile, oboniswa ngokucacile. Ngaphandle kwe-axis X Lo msebenzi ngumaphesenti wabantu njengephesenti yokwanda, futhi eduze kwe-axis Y - imali engenayo kazwelonke. Eqinisweni, ijika leLornz ngokwalo liqukethe amaphuzu, ngalinye elihambisana nephesenti lezinga lokuthola imali yengxenye ethile yomphakathi. Lapho umzila we-Lorenz uvinjiwe, izinga elikhulu lokungalingani emphakathini.
Esikhathini esimweni esingenakho ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, iqembu ngalinye labantu linenani lemali engenayo elilingana ngqo nosayizi walo. Umzila ochaza isimo esinjalo ubizwa ngokuthi ijika lokulingana, nakuba liwumugqa oqondile. Okukhudlwana indawo yombalo ophethwe ngendonga yeLornz kanye nejika lokulingana, izinga eliphezulu lokungalingani emphakathini.
Ijika leLornz lingasetshenziselwa nje ukucacisa isimo sezinto zokuqashisa impahla emhlabeni, ezweni elithile noma emphakathini, kodwa futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nalesi sici semindeni ngayinye.
Umugqa oqondile ojoyina umugqa wokulingana kanye nephuzu elikude nalo ijika leLornz, elibizwa nge-Hoover index noma uRobin Hood. Le ngxenye ibonisa ukuthi imali engakanani kufanele ifakwe kabusha emphakathini ukuze kufezeke ukulingana okugcwele.
Izinga lokungalingani emphakathini kunqunywa inkomba ye-Ginny, engahlukahluka 0 kuze kube 1. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-coefficient yokuhlushwa kwengeniso.
Ukwakha Ukulingana Ulayini
Manje ake sithathe isibonelo sokhonkolo bese sibona ukuthi ungakha kanjani umugqa wokulingana kanye nejika likaLorntz ku-Excel. Ngenxa yalokhu, sisebenzisa itafula lenani labantu lahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amahlanu alinganayo 20%), okufingqiwe etafuleni ngokunyuka. Ikholomu yesibili yale tafula ibonisa iphesenti yenzuzo kazwelonke, ehambisana neqembu elithile labantu.
Okokuqala, sakha umugqa wokulingana okuphelele. Izoba namaphuzu amabili - amaphuzu amazwe angama-zero namazwe angama-100% wabantu.
- Iya kuthebhu "Faka". I-line kumathuluzi wokuvimba "Amashadi" cindezela inkinobho "Indawo". Lolu hlobo lwemidwebo lufanelekele umsebenzi wethu. Ukwedlula uhlu lwe-subspecies yemidwebo ivula. Khetha "I-Dot ene-curves ebushelelezi namaka".
- Ngemva kokwenza lesi senzo, indawo engenalutho yomdwebo ivula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba asikhethanga idatha. Ukuze ufake idatha bese ukha igrafu, chofoza ngakwesokudla endaweni engenalutho. Emenyu yenkambiso esebenzayo, khetha into "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindi yokukhetha imithombo yedatha ivula. Engxenyeni yesobunxele, ebizwa ngokuthi "Elements of the legend (imigqa)" cindezela inkinobho "Engeza".
- Iwindi lokuguqula umugqa liqala. Ensimini "Igama lomzila" bhala igama lomdwebo esifuna ukukunika wona. Kungase futhi kutholakale eshadini futhi kulesi simo kubalulekile ukukhombisa ikheli leseli lapho likhona khona. Kodwa kithi kulula ukufaka igama ngokuzenzekelayo. Nikeza igama lomdwebo "Umzila Wokulingana".
Ensimini X Izimiso kufanele ucacise izixhumanisi zamaphoyinti womdwebo eduze kwe-axis X. Njengoba sikhumbula, kuzoba khona kuphela ezimbili zazo: 0 futhi 100. Sibhala lezi zimiso ngokusebenzisa i-semicolon kule nsimu.
Ensimini "Amanani Y" kufanele urekhode izixhumanisi zamaphuzu eduze kwe-axis Y. Zizoba ezimbili: 0 futhi 35,9. Iphuzu lokugcina, njengoba singabona esimisweni, lihambisana nenzuzo ephelele yezwe 100% inani labantu. Ngakho, sibhala phansi amanani "0;35,9" ngaphandle izingcaphuno.
Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imininingwane ecacisiwe ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ngemuva kwalokho sibuyela ewindini lokukhetha umthombo wedatha. Kufanele futhi uchofoze inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Njengoba ungabona, ngemuva kokuzenzela ngenhla, umugqa wokulingana uzokwakhiwa futhi uboniswe kushidi.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza umdwebo ku-Excel
Ukudala ijika le-Lorenz
Manje kufanele sakha ngokuqondile ijika le-Lorenz, ngokusekelwe kwedatha yetafula.
- Sichofoza ngokuqondile endaweni yomdwebo lapho umugqa olinganayo usuvele ukhona. Emenyu yokuqala, uphinde umise ukukhethwa kwento "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindi lokukhetha idatha livula futhi. Njengoba ungabona, igama selivele limelelwe phakathi kwezakhi. "Umzila Wokulingana"kodwa sidinga ukwengeza omunye umdwebo. Ngakho-ke, chofoza inkinobho "Engeza".
- Iwindi lokuguqula umugqa livula futhi. Inkambu "Igama lomzila", njengesikhathi sokugcina, gcwalisa ngesandla. Lapha ungangena igama "Ijika le-Lorenz".
Ensimini X Izimiso kufanele ufake yonke ikholomu yedatha "inani labantu" itafula lethu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha isikhangiso ensimini. Okulandelayo, phinda inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese ukhetha ikholomu elihambelanayo eshadini. Izixhumanisi zizobonakala ngokushesha efasiteleni lokuhlela irowu.
Ensimini "Amanani Y" faka izixhumanisi zamaseli ekholomu "Inani lemali engenayo kazwelonke". Senza lokhu usebenzisa indlela efanayo lapho sangena khona idatha enkambeni yangaphambilini.
Ngemuva kokuthi yonke idatha engenhla ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ngemva kokubuyela ewindini lokukhetha umthombo, phinda ucindezele inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kokwenza izenzo ezingenhla, ijika le-Lorenz lizophinde liboniswe ekhasini le-Excel.
Ukwakhiwa kwendonga kaLorenz kanye nomugqa wokulinganisa ku-Excel kwenziwa emigomeni efanayo nokwakhiwa kwanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwemidwebo kuloluhlelo. Ngakho-ke, kubasebenzisi abaye bakwazi ukwenza amashadi namagrafu ku-Excel, lo msebenzi akufanele kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
