I-HDMI ubuchwepheshe besignali yedijithali ehambelanayo eguqulwa kamuva emifanekiso, ividiyo kanye nomsindo. Namuhla yiyona ndlela yokudlulisela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke futhi isetshenziswe cishe kuwo wonke ama-computing, lapho kukhishwa khona ividiyo - kusuka kuma-Smartphones kumakhompyutha omuntu.
Mayelana ne-HDMI
Ichweba linezinombolo ezingu-19 kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Isixhumanisi sihlukaniswe futhi sibe izinhlobo eziningana, ngokusekelwe kulo okudingayo ukuthenga ikhebula elidingekayo noma i-adaptha kuso. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyatholakala:
- Okuvamile futhi "okukhulu" kuhlobo lwe-A no-B, olutholakala kubahloli, amakhompyutha, ama-laptops, ama-consoles okudlala, amathelevishini. Uhlobo lwe-B luyadingeka ukuze kuhanjiswe kangcono;
- Uhlobo lwe-C luyinguqulo encane yechweba elidlule, elivame ukusetshenziswa ema-netbook, amaphilisi, ama-PDA;
- Thayipha i-D - ayidlangalaleni, njengoba inenani elincane kunabo bonke amachweba. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi amaphilisi amancane kanye nama-Smartphones;
- Uhlobo lwe-E - ichweba elinokumaka okunjalo linokuvikeleka okukhethekile ngothuli, umswakama, amaconsi okushisa, ukucindezela kanye nomthelela womshini. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo, ifakwe kuma-computer ebhodini emotweni nasemishini ekhethekile.
Izinhlobo zamachweba zingahlukaniswa komunye nomunye ngokubukeka noma ngokumaka okukhethekile ngesimo sencwadi eyodwa yesiLatin (akuzona zonke izichweba).
Imininingwane yobude bek Cable
Ukusetshenziswa kwabathengi, izingcingo ze-HDMI ezifinyelela kumamitha angu-10 ubude zidayiswa, kodwa zingabonakala ngamamitha angu-20, okwanele kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene, izikhungo zedatha, izinkampani ze-IT zingathenga amakhodi angu-20, 50, 80 kanye namamitha angaphezu kuka-100 ngezidingo zazo. Ukusebenzisa ekhaya, akufanele uthathe ikhebula "ngekhasi", kuyoba ukhetho olwanele lwe-5 noma 7.5 wamamitha.
Amakhodi okusetshenziselwa ekhaya asetshenziswe ikakhulukazi ngethusi ekhethekile, ephethe kalula isignali emadolobheni amancane. Kodwa-ke, kuncike kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ngezinhlobonhlobo zethusi lapho ikhebula lenziwe khona, kanye nobukhulu bayo.
Isibonelo, amamodeli avela ngethusi ephathwa ngokukhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi "Standard", inama-24 AWG aqina (lokhu kuyindawo engezansi elingana no-0.204 mm2) ingadlulisela isignali kude namamitha angaphezu kuka-10 ekusombulweni kwamaphikseli angu-720 × 1080 anezinga lokuvuselela isikrini se-75 MHz. Ikhebula elifanayo, kodwa lenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-High Speed teknoloji (ukubizwa okuKhezulu okuphezulu kungatholakala) ngobukhulu bama-AWG angu-28 (0.08 mm ngaphesheya2) usuvele unamandla okudlulisa isignali njengama-pixels angu-1080 × 2160 enesilinganiso se-340 MHz.
Qaphela imvamisa yokubuyekeza kwesikrini kukhebula (kuboniswe kumadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe noma kubhaliwe ephakheji). Ukubukwa ngokukhululekile kwevidiyo nemidlalo, iso lesintu lingaba ngu-60-70 MHz. Ngakho-ke, ukuxosha izinombolo kanye nekhwalithi yesignali yokukhipha kuyadingeka kuphela uma kwenzeka:
- Ukusekelwa kwakho kwekhadi levidiyo yekhadi le-video 4K isinqumo futhi ungathanda ukusebenzisa amandla awo 100%;
- Uma usebenza ngobuchwepheshe ekuhlelweni kwevidiyo kanye / noma ukunikezwa kwe-3D.
Ijubane nekhwalithi yokudluliswa kwesignali kuxhomeke ebude, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga ikhebula ngobude obufushane. Uma ngesizathu esithile udinga imodeli ende, kungcono ukulalela izinketho ngokumaka okulandelayo:
- I-CAT - ikuvumela ukuba udlulisele isignali ngaphezu kwebanga lamamitha angu-90 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kwekhwalithi kanye nemvamisa. Kunamanye amamodeli kulotshiwe kulokho okushiwo ukuthi ubude bokudlulisa isignali bukhulu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-90. Uma uhlangabezane nemodeli efanayo noma yikuphi, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthenga, ngoba ikhwalithi yesignali izobhekana nokunye. Lokhu kumaka kunezinguqulo ezingu-5 no-6, okungenzeka zinezinkomba zencwadi, lesi sici asithinti izici;
- Ikhebula elenziwe ngobuchwepheshe be-coaxial isakhiwo esinomqhubi ophakathi kanye nomqhubi wangaphandle, ohlukaniswa ngqimba lokuvimba. Abaqhubi benziwa ngethusi elihlanzekile. Ubude obude bokudluliselwa kwaleli khamera lungangena kumamitha angu-100, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinga nokuvuselela izinga levidiyo;
- Ikhebuli ye-Fiber optic iyona ebiza kakhulu futhi engcono kunazo zonke kulabo abadinga ukudlulisa okuqukethwe kwevidiyo nomsindo ngaphezu kwamade amade ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi. Ukuthola ezitolo kungaba nzima, ngoba akudingeki kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezithile. Iyakwazi ukudlulisela isignali ebangeni lamamitha angaphezu kwangu-100.
Izinguqulo ze-HDMI
Ngenxa yemizamo ehlanganisiwe yezinkampani eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-IT, i-HDMI 1.0 yakhululwa ngo-2002. Namuhla, cishe konke ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokukhuthazwa kwalesi sixhumanisi kusebenzisana nenkampani yaseMelika yaseSilicon Image. Ngo-2013, inguqulo yesimanje kakhulu yaphuma - 2.0, engahambisani nezinye izinguqulo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga ikhebula le-HDMI yalolu nguqulo kuphela uma uqiniseka ukuthi ichweba kwikhompyutha / i-TV / i-monitor / enye imishini nayo ine-version.
Inguqulo yokuthenga ephakanyisiwe ngu-1.4, eyakhishwa ngonyaka ka-2009, njengoba ihambisana nezinguqulo 1.3 no-1.3b, ezikhishwe ngo-2006 no-2007 futhi zivame kakhulu. Inguqulo 1.4 inezinhlelo ezithile zokuguqulwa - 1.4a, 1.4b, ezihambisana ne 1.4 ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, 1.3, 1.3b izinguqulo.
Izinhlobo zezinkambo zekhebula 1.4
Njengoba lokhu kuyindlela yokuthenga ephakanyisiwe, cabanga ngalokhu okuningiliziwe. Okuphelele kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu: Standard, Speed Speed, Standard nge Ethernet, High Speed nge Ethernet kanye Standard Automotive. Cabangela ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Standard - efanelekile ukuxhuma amadivaysi asetshenzisiwe asekhaya. Isekela isinqumo se-720p. Inezici ezilandelayo:
- I-5 Gbit / s - umkhawulo wokuhamba kwekhawuntthi ophezulu;
- Amabhidi angu-24 - ukujula kombala okuphezulu;
- 165 MP - isibalo esiphezulu sevredvo evunyelwe.
I-Standard ne-Ethernet - inezici ezifanayo ne-analog ejwayelekile, umehluko kuphela ukuthi kukhona ukuxhaswa kokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi okungadlulisela idatha ngesivinini esingadluli i-100 Mbps ngezinkomba ezimbili.
Isivinini esiphezulu noma Isivinini esiphakeme. Inokusekela ubuchwepheshe Umbala ojulile, i-3D ne-ARC. Lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe. I-Audio Return Channel - ivumela, kanye nevidiyo ukuthi idlulise futhi izwise ngokugcwele. Ngaphambilini, ukuze uzuze izinga eliphezulu lomsindo, isibonelo, kwi-TV exhunywe kwi-laptop, kwakudingeka ukusebenzisa i-headset eyengeziwe. Isixazululo sokusebenza esiphezulu ngu-4096 × 2160 (4K). Imininingwane elandelayo iyatholakala:
- I-5 Gbit / s - umkhawulo wokuhamba kwekhawuntthi ophezulu;
- Amabhidi angu-24 - ukujula kombala okuphezulu;
- 165 MP - isibalo esiphezulu sevredvo evunyelwe.
Kunesidingo esisheshayo esinokusekelwa kwe-intanethi. Inani lokudluliswa kwedatha le-intanethi libuye libe yi-100 Mbps.
Izithuthi ezijwayelekile - ezisetshenziselwa izimoto futhi zingaxhunyaniswa kuphela nohlobo lwe-HDMI E. Imininingwane yezinhlobonhlobo zifana ne-standard standard. Okuhlukile kuphela izinga lokuvikela elikhuphukile kanye ne-ARC-system eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, engekho kumshini ojwayelekile.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokukhetha
Ukusebenza kwekhamera akuthinteki nje kuphela ngezici zayo, izinto zokwakha, kodwa futhi nezakhi zokwakha, ezingabhaliwe noma kuphi futhi kunzima ukuzinquma ekuqaleni. Sebenzisa lawa macebiso ukuze ulondoloze kancane futhi ukhethe okukhethwa kukho. Uhlu lwezincomo:
- Kukhona ukungaqondi kahle okuvamile ukuthi izintambo ezinezinsimbi ezibekwe ngegolide ziphethe isignali kangcono. Lokhu akunjalo. Ukubamba kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela oxhumana nabo emithonjeni yamanzi kanye nemiphumela yemishini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukhethe abaqhubi abane-nickel plated, i-chrome-plated noma i-titanium yokugqoka, ngoba banikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono futhi okungabizi (ngaphandle kwe-titanium coating). Uma usebenzisa ikhebula ekhaya, akusizi ukuthenga ikhebula ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe koxhumana nabo;
- Labo abadinga ukudlulisela isignali ngaphezu kwebanga lamamitha ayi-10 bayelulekwa ukuba banakekele ukuphindaphindiwe okuphindwe ngaphakathi ukuze kube nokukhuliswa kwesignali, noma ukuthenga isikhangiso esikhethekile. Qaphela indawo engaphansi kwesilinganiso (esilinganiswe ku-AWG) - encane inani layo, ngcono isignali izodluliselwa emadolobheni amade;
- Zama ukuthenga izintambo ngokuzivikela noma ukuvikelwa okukhethekile ngendlela yama-bulges e-cylindrical. Yenzelwe ukusekela izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela (kuvimbela ukuphazanyiswa) ngisho nasezintambo ezincane kakhulu.
Ukwenza isinqumo esifanele, kufanele uqaphele zonke izici zekhebula kanye ne-HDMI port esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma ikhebula ne-port zingavumelani, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthenge i-adapter ekhethekile noma ususe ngokuphelele ikhebula.
