I-Linux yigama elihlangene lomndeni wemithombo yokuvula imithombo evulekile ngokusekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwabiwa okusekelwe kuso. Konke, njengomthetho, kufaka isethi ejwayelekile yezinsiza, izinhlelo, kanye nezinye izinto ezintsha. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezimo ezahlukene zedeskithophu nezengezo, izidingo zesistimu zomhlangano ngamunye zihlukile, ngakho-ke kunesidingo sokuzichaza. Namuhla singathanda ukukhuluma ngemingcele ephakanyisiwe yesistimu, kuthatha njengesibonelo isabelo esithandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi samanje.
Izidingo zesistimu ezisebenzayo zokusabalalisa ezahlukahlukene ze-Linux
Sizozama ukunikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yezidingo emhlanganweni ngamunye, ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintshwa kwendawo yedeskithophu, ngoba lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kunomthelela onamandla kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa uhlelo lokusebenza. Uma ungakabi nokho kunqamuleli yokusabalalisa, sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayele nezinye izihloko esixhumanisi esilandelayo, lapho uzothola khona konke okudingayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-Linux ehlukahlukene, futhi siya ngqo ekuhlaziyweni kwemingcele ephathekayo ye-hardware.
Bheka futhi: Ukusabalalisa okudumile kwe-Linux
Ubuntu
Ubuntu kubhekwa njengokwakhiwa okuthandwa kakhulu kwe-Linux futhi kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya. Manje izibuyekezo zikhishwa ngenkuthalo, amaphutha alungisiwe futhi i-OS igxilile, ngakho ingalandwa ngokukhululekile mahhala iphinde ifakwe kokubili eceleni futhi eceleni kweWindows. Uma ulanda i-Ubuntu ejwayelekile, uyithola kugobolondo le-Gnome, ngakho-ke sizokunika izidingo eziphakanyisiwe ezithathwe emthonjeni osemthethweni.
- Ama-gigabyte amabili noma ngaphezulu we-RAM;
- Iprosesa ejwayelekile yedivaysi ngejubane lewashi okungenani i-1.6 GHz;
- Ikhadi levidiyo elinomshayeli ofakiwe (inani lememori yegrafu ayinandaba);
- Okungenani u-5 GB wememori yediski eyinkimbinkimbi yokufaka kanye no-25 GB mahhala ukuze ulondoloze amafayela ngaphezulu.
Lezi zidingo nazo ziyadingeka ngama-shells - Ubumbano kanye ne-KDE. Ngokuqondene ne-Openbox, i-XFCE, i-Mate, i-LXDE, i-Lighting, i-Fluxbox, i-IceWM - kubo ungasebenzisa i-1 GB ye-RAM kanye neprojector eyodwa-core nge-hrvg ye-1.3 GHz.
I-Linux mint
I-Linux Mint iphakanyiswa njalo kubaqalayo ukuba bazijwayele ngomsebenzi wokusabalalisa kwalesi simiso sokusebenza. Ukwakha Ubuntu kuthathwe njengesisekelo, ngakho-ke izidingo zesistimu ezinconywayo zifana nalokho osufunde ngenhla. Izidingo ezimbili kuphela ezintsha zekhadi levidiyo elinokusekelwa kwesinqumo okungenani u-1024x768 no-3 GB we-RAM wegobolondo le KDE. Ubuncane bubukeka kanje:
- umprosesa we-x86 (32-bit). Ku-64-bit OS version, ngokulandelana, i-CP-64-bit iyadingeka; inguqulo engu-32-bit izosebenza kokubili kwe-hardware ye-x86 no-64-bit;
- Okungenani ama-megabyte angu-512 we-RAM we-Cinnamon, i-XFCE kanye ne-MATE amabolbri kanye nabaningi be-2 we-KDE;
- Kusuka ku-9 GB isikhala samahhala ku-drive;
- Noma iyiphi i-adapter ihluzo lapho umshayeli efakwe khona.
ELEMENTARY OS
Abasebenzisi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-ELEMENTARY OS iyodwa yokwakha amahle kakhulu. Abathuthukisi basebenzisa igobolondo labo ledeskithophu elibizwa nge-Phanteon, ngakho-ke banikeze izidingo zesistimu ngokukhethekile kule nguqulo. Akukho ulwazi kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngokuphathelene nemigomo edingekayo encane, ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ngeziphakamiso.
- I-Intel Core i-processor ye-i3 yesinye sezizukulwane zakamuva (i-Skylake, i-Kaby Lake noma iCafana Lake) enezakhiwo ezingu-64-bit, noma enye i-CPU efana namandla;
- Ama-gigabyte angu-4 we-RAM;
- I-SSD-drive nge-15 GB yesikhala samahhala - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unjiniyela, kodwa i-OS izosebenza ngokugcwele futhi i-HDD enhle;
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okusebenzayo
- Ikhadi levidiyo elinokusekelwa kwesinqumo okungenani ngu-1024x768.
I-CentOS
Umsebenzisi we-CentOS ojwayelekile ngeke abe nesithakazelo kakhulu, ngoba abathuthukisi baye bakuvumelanisa ngokuqondile amaseva. Kunezinhlelo eziningi eziwusizo zokuphathwa, izinqolobane ezihlukahlukene zisekelwa, futhi izibuyekezo zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Izidingo zesistimu lapha zihlukile kancane kokunikezwa kwangaphambilini, ngoba abanikazi be-server bazozilalela.
- Akukho ukusekelwa kwamaphrosesa angu-32-bit ngokusekelwe kwakhiwo zokwakha i386;
- Inani elincane le-RAM lingu-1 GB, okunconywayo ngu-1 GB yomgudu ngamunye wenqubo;
- I-20 GB ye-disk isikhala esisha samahhala noma i-SSD;
- Usayizi omkhulu wefayela wesistimu yefayili ye-ext3 ngu-2 TB, ext4 yi-16 TB;
- Ubukhulu obukhulu besistimu yefayela ye-ext3 yi-16 TB, ext4 yi-50 TB.
Debian
Asikwazanga ukuphuthelwa isistimu yokusebenza ye-Debian ku-athikili yethu namhlanje, ngoba iyisimeme kakhulu. Uhlolwe ngentshiseko ngamaphutha, bonke basuswe masinyane futhi manje abasuke bengekho. Izidingo zezinhlelo eziphakanyisiwe zidemokhrasi kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-Debian kunoma iyiphi igobolondo izosebenza ngendlela evamile ngisho nakwi-hardware ebuthakathaka.
- I-1 GB ye-RAM noma i-512 MB ngaphandle kokufaka izicelo zedeskithophu;
- I-2 GB yesikhala sediski samahhala noma i-10 GB ngokufaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwabela isikhala sokugcina amafayela akho;
- Ayikho imikhawulo kulabo abacubungula asetshenzisiwe;
- Ikhadi levidyo ngokusekelwa komshayeli ohambelana naye.
Lubuntu
I-Lubuntu ibhekwa njenge-distribution bestweightweight, ngoba cishe akukho ukusebenza okuncintisiwe. Lo mhlangano awufanelekile kuphela kubanikazi bamakhompyutha abuthakathaka, kodwa nalabo abasebenzisi abaluleke kakhulu kwijubane le-OS. I-Lubuntu isebenzisa imvelo yedeskithophu ye-LXDE yamahhala, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise phansi ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo. Izidingo zesimiso esincane zimi kanje:
- I-512 MB RAM, kodwa uma usebenzisa isiphequluli, kungcono ukuthi ube ne-1 GB yokusebenzisana okulula;
- I-Processor model ye-Pentium 4, i-AMD K8 noma engcono, ngejubane lewashi okungenani 800 MHz;
- Umthamo wesitoreji esakhiwe-20 GB.
I-Gentoo
I-Gentoo idonsela labo abasebenzisi abanesithakazelo sokutadisha inqubo yokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza nokwenza ezinye izinqubo. Le mhlangano ayifanele umsebenzisi we-novice, ngoba idinga ukulayisha okunye nokulungiswa kwezingxenye ezithile, kodwa sisasikisela ukuthi uzijwayeze ngokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe.
- Iphrosesa ku-architecture ye-i486 futhi ephakeme;
- 256-512 MB we-RAM;
- I-3 GB ye-disk space yamahhala yokufaka i-OS;
- Isikhala sefayela le-paging lika-256 MB noma ngaphezulu.
Manjaro
Lezi zinsuku zingathanda ukucabangela ukwakheka okudumile okubizwa ngokuthi uManjaro. Isebenza kumvelo we-KDE, inomfaki odweba kahle, futhi akudingeki ifakwe futhi ilungiselelwe izingxenye ezengeziwe. Izidingo zesistimu zimi kanje:
- I-1 GB ye-RAM;
- Okungenani ama-3 GB esikhala kwimidiya efakiwe;
- Iphrosesa yombili oyinhloko ngevolumu yewashi ye-1 GHz nangaphezulu;
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okusebenzayo
- Ikhadi lezithombe ngokusekelwa kwe-HD ihluzo.
Manje uyazazi izidingo zekhompyutha yezingxenyekazi zezintandokazi ezithandwayo eziyisishiyagalombili zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-Linux. Khetha okukhethwa kukho okuhle ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zakho kanye nezici ezibonwe namhlanje.
