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I-Debian yisistimu yokusebenza ethize. Uma uyifakile, abasebenzisi abaningi babhekana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene lapho besebenza nayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi le-OS idinga ukulungiswa ezingxenyeni eziningi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokusetha inethiwekhi ku-Debian.

Bheka futhi:
Umhlahlandlela wokufaka we-Debian 9
Indlela yokulungisa i-Debian emva kokufakwa

Silungiselela i-inthanethi ku-Debian

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxhuma ikhompyutha kunethiwekhi, iningi lazo seliphelelwe yisikhathi futhi alisetshenziswa ngumhlinzeki, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayabonakala. I-Debian inokwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngayinye yazo, kodwa lesi sihloko sizomboza kuphela othandwa kakhulu.

Bheka futhi:
Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu
Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu Server

Ukuxhumeka okuxhunyiwe

Ku-Debian, kunezinketho ezintathu zokusetha uxhumo oluxhunyiwe: ngokwenza izinguquko kwifayili yokucushwa, usebenzisa uhlelo lweNethiwekhi Manager, nokusebenzisa uhlelo lohlelo lokusebenza.

Indlela 1: Hlela ifayela lokucushwa

Zonke izenzo ezichazwe ngezansi zizokwenziwa "Isikhumbuzo". Le ndlela yendawo yonke esebenza kuzo zonke izinguqulo ze-Debian. Ngakho, ukusetha uxhumo oluxhunyiwe, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Qalisa "Isikhumbuzo"ngokusesha uhlelo bese uchofoza isithonjana esifanayo.



2. Ewindini elivela "Isikhumbuzo" Faka futhi wenze umyalo olandelayo ukuvula ifayela lokumisa. "interfaces":

   sudo nano / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

   Bheka futhi: Abahleli bombhalo abadumile ku-Linux

   Qaphela: Ngemva kokukhipha umyalo, uzocelwa iphasiwedi engaphezu kwamandla akho owacacile uma ufaka i-Debian. Okokufaka kwalo ngeke kuboniswe.

3. Kulo mhleli, ukubuyela emuva komugqa owodwa, faka imingcele elandelayo:

   auto [inethiwekhi yesikhangiso se-network]
Vula igama [inethiwekhi ye-interface] inet dhcp

   Qaphela: ungathola igama lesikhombikubona senethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa umyalo we- "ip address". Kule nkinga kubhalwe ngaphansi kwenombolo 2.



4. Uma amaseva we-DNS engabhaliswanga ngokuzenzakalelayo, ungawacacisa ngokwakho efayeleni elifanayo ngokufaka okulandelayo:

   nameserver [ikheli le-DNS]

5. Londoloza izinguquko ngokuchofoza Ctrl + Obese uphuma umhleli ngokuchofoza Ctrl + X.

Ngenxa yalokho, ifayela lakho lokumisa kufanele libukeke kanje:

Igama kuphela lesikhombikubona senethiwekhi singahluka.

Ukuxhumeka okuhlangene nekheli eliguquguqukayo kusanda kuqalwa. Uma unekheli le-IP static, kuzomele udinga inethiwekhi ngokuhlukile:

1. Vula ku "Isikhumbuzo" ifayela lokumisa:

   sudo nano / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

2. Ukubuyisela umugqa owodwa ekugcineni, faka umbhalo olandelayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ufaka idatha edingekayo ezindaweni ezifanele:

   auto [inethiwekhi yesikhangiso se-network]
vula [igama lenethiwekhi ye-interface] inet static
ikheli [ikheli]
i-netmask [ikheli]
isango [ikheli]
i-dns-nameservers [ikheli]

3. Londoloza izinguquko bese uphuma umhleli. nano.

Khumbula ukuthi igama lesikhombikubona senethiwekhi lungatholakala ngokuthayipha "Isikhumbuzo" ithimba "ikheli le-ip". Uma ungawazi yonke enye idatha, ungayithola kumadokhumenti avela kumhlinzeki noma ubuze opharetha ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ngokusho imiphumela yazo zonke izenzo, inethiwekhi yakho enezintambo izobe ihlelwe. Kwezinye izimo, ngoba zonke izinguquko zizosebenza, udinga ukuqhuba umyalo okhethekile:

sudo systemctl ukuqalisa kabusha inethiwekhi

noma uqale kabusha ikhompyutha.

Indlela 2: Umphathi weNethiwekhi

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ukulungisa uxhumano "Isikhumbuzo" noma ubhekene nobunzima ekwenzeni imiyalo evezwe ngaphambilini, ungasebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-Network Manager, olunesikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo.

1. Vula iwindi lezilungiselelo ze-Network Manager ngokucindezela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi I-Alt + F2 futhi ufake lo myalo ensimini efanelekile:

   nm-uxhumano-umhleli



2. Cindezela inkinobho "Engeza"ukwengeza uxhumano lwenethiwekhi entsha.



3. Chaza uhlobo loxhumano olusha njengo "Ethernet"ngokukhetha into yegama elifanayo ohlwini bese uchofoza "Dala ...".



4. Ewindini elisha elivula, faka igama loxhumano.



5. Ithebhu "Jikelele" hlola amabhokisi okuhlola amabili okuqala ukuze emva kokuqala ikhompyutha bonke abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo kwinethiwekhi.



6. Kuthebhu "Ethernet" ukukhomba kwakho ikhadi lenethiwekhi (1) bese ukhetha Indlela ye-cloning yekheli le-MAC (2). Futhi kubhalwe "Xhumanisa ukuxoxisana" khetha umugqa "Unganaki" (3). Zonke izinsimu ezisele aziguquki.



7. Chofoza ithebhu "Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4" bese ukhetha indlela yokubeka njenge "I-Automatic (DHCP)". Uma iseva ye-DNS oyitholayo ingekho ngqo kumhlinzeki, bese ukhetha "I-Automatic (i-DHCP, ikheli kuphela)" bese ufaka amaseva e-DNS emkhakheni wegama elifanayo.



8. Chofoza "Gcina".

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuxhumeka kuzosungulwa. Kodwa ngale ndlela ungahle ulungise i-IP enamandla, kodwa uma ikheli limile, landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Kusuka ohlwini "Ukubeka Indlela" khetha umugqa "Incwadi".
2. Endaweni "Ikheli" cindezela inkinobho "Engeza".
3. Ngenye indlela faka ikheli, netmask kanye nesango.
   

   Qaphela: yonke imininingwane edingekayo ongayithola ngokuxhumana ne-ISP yakho.

4. Cacisa amaseva e-DNS ensimini yegama elifanayo.
5. Chofoza "Gcina".

Ekugcineni, inethiwekhi izofakwa. Uma amasayithi esiphequluli awuvuli, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompyutha.

Indlela 3: Umbuso Wesevisi "Inethiwekhi"

Abanye abasebenzisi bangabhekana nenkinga lapho beqala uhlelo lweMenenja yeNethiwekhi. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo lohlelo lokusebenza, olwenza njalo lusebenza kahle. Ungawuvula ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukuchofoza kusibonisi senethiwekhi ngakwesokudla kwephaneli ye-GNOME nokukhetha "Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yocingo".



2. Ukufaka izilungiselelo zesistimu ngemenyu bese uchofoza isithonjana "Inethiwekhi".

Uma ngabe Umbuso uvulekile, yenza okulandelayo ukuze ulungise uxhumano oluxhunyiwe:

1. Vula ukushintsha kwamandla endaweni esebenzayo.



2. Chofoza inkinobho ngesithombe segiya.



3. Esikhathini esisha sefestile evuliwe "Ukukhomba", cacisa igama loxhumano olusha bese ukhetha ikheli le-MAC ohlwini. Futhi lapha ungavumela ukuxhumana okuzenzekelayo kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha ngemuva kokuthi i-OS iqale futhi yenza uxhumano lufinyeleleke kubo bonke abasebenzisi ngokuhlola amabhokisi okuhlola ahambisanayo.



4. Iya kusigaba "IPv4" bese usetha zonke izinguquko ukuze zisebenze uma umhlinzeki ehlinzeka ikheli le-IP elinamandla. Uma iseva ye-DNS idinga ukungena ngesandla, bese ucima ukushintsha "DNS" bese ufaka iseva ngokwakho.



5. Cindezela inkinobho "Faka isicelo".

Nge-IP static iyadingeka esigabeni "IPv4" ucacise ezinye izilungiselelo:

1. Kusuka ohlwini lokudonsa phansi "Ikheli" khetha into "Incwadi".
2. Ifomu lokugcwalisa, faka ikheli lenethiwekhi, imaski nesango.
3. Ngaphansi nje cala ukushintsha "DNS" bese ufaka ikheli layo ensimini efanele.
   

   Qaphela: uma kunesidingo, ungachofoza inkinobho ethi "+" bese ucacisa amaseva e-DNS angeziwe.

4. Cindezela inkinobho "Faka isicelo".

Manje uyakwazi ukusetha uxhumo oluxhunyiwe nge-IP static ne-dynamic ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Debian. Ihlala kuphela ukukhetha indlela efanele.

PPPoE

Ngokungafani nokuxhumana okuxhunyiwe, ungalungiselela inethiwekhi ye-PPPoE ku-Debian ngezindlela ezimbili kuphela: nge-utility i-pppoeconf futhi ngosizo lwe-Program Manager ye-Network Manager kakade.

Indlela 1: i-pppoeconf

Umbuso i-pppoeconf ithuluzi elilula elikuvumela ukuba ulungise uxhumano lwe-PPPoE kunoma yisiphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux. Kodwa ngokungafani ne-distros eningi, le nsizakalo ayifakwe ngaphambilini ku-Debian, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale uyilayishe futhi uyifake.

Uma unethuba lokulungisa uxhumano lwe-intanethi kukhompyutha yakho usebenzisa iphuzu lokufinyelela okuvulekile, isibonelo Wi-Fi, bese ufaka i-pppoeconf kudingeka "Isikhumbuzo" yenza lo myalo:

I-sudo efaka ukufaka i-pppoeconf

Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuxhumeka ku-Wi-Fi, kufanele uqale ukulayisha i-utility kwenye idivayisi bese uyibeka ku-Flash drive.

Landa i-pppoeconf yezinhlelo ezingu-64-bit
Landa i-pppoeconf yezinhlelo ezingu-32-bit

Emva kwalokho, faka i-USB flash drive kwikhompyutha yakho wenze okulandelayo:

1. Kopisha Umbuso ku-ifolda "Ukulanda"usebenzisa imenenja yefayela ejwayelekile I-Nautilus.
2. Vula "Isikhumbuzo".
3. Zulalela ku-directory lapho ifayela litholakala khona. Kulokhu, iya kufolda "Ukulanda". Ukuze wenze lokhu, run:

   cd / ekhaya / UserName / Ukulanda

   Qaphela: Esikhundleni se- "UserName", kufanele ucacise igama lomsebenzisi elibekwe ngesikhathi sokufaka i-Debian.

4. Faka isevisi i-pppoeconfngokusebenzisa umyalo:

   sudo dpkg -i [IphakhejiName] .deb

   Lapho kunalokho "[PackageName]" Udinga ukucacisa igama eligcwele lefayela.

Uma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza lufakwe ohlelweni, ungaqhubeka ngokuqondile ukusetha inethiwekhi ye-PPPoE. Kulokhu:

1. Sebenzisa uhlelo losizo olufakiwe ngokusebenza "Isikhumbuzo":

   sudo pppoeconf

2. Lindela amadivayisi ukuskena.



3. Hlola isikhombikubona senethiwekhi kusuka ohlwini.

   

   Qaphela: uma ikhadi lenethiwekhi linye kuphela, isikhombimsebenzisi se-inthanethi sizoqokwa ngokuzenzekelayo futhi lesi sigaba sizokweqa.

4. Phendula ngokuqinisekisayo embuzweni wokuqala - Umbuso uphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise izilungiselelo ezixhumekile zokuxhumana ezifanele abasebenzisi abaningi.



5. Faka ukungena ngemvume, okukhishwe umhlinzeki wakho, bese uchofoza "Kulungile".



6. Faka iphasiwedi umnikezeli akunike yona, bese ucindezela "Kulungile".



7. Phendula yebo uma amaseva we-DNS anqunywa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo, khetha "Cha" bese ucacisa wena.



8. Vumela usizo lukhawulele i-MSS kuya kuma-bytes angu-1452. Lokhu kuzoqeda amaphutha lapho uvula amanye amasayithi.



9. Khetha "Yebo"ukuze uxhumano lwe-PPPoE lusungulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njalo lapho uhlelo luqalisiwe.



10. Ukusetha uxhumano okwamanje, phendula "Yebo".

Uma ukhethe impendulo "Yebo", uxhumano lwe-intanethi kufanele selusungulwe kakade. Uma kungenjalo, ukuxhuma, kufanele ufake umyalo:

sudo pon dsl-umhlinzeki

Ukukhubaza, yenza lokhu:

sudo poff dsl-umhlinzeki

Lena indlela yokusetha inethiwekhi ye-PPPoE isebenzisa Umbuso. i-pppoeconf kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. Kodwa uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, zama ukusebenzisa indlela yesibili.

Indlela 2: Umphathi weNethiwekhi

Ukusebenzisa i-Network Manager, ukusetha uxhumano lwe-PPPoE kuzothatha isikhathi eside, kodwa uma ungakwazi ukulayisha ukulanda i-pppoeconf kukhompyutha yakho, lena yindlela kuphela yokusetha i-inthanethi ku-Debian.

1. Vula iwindi lohlelo. Ukwenza lokhu, cindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye I-Alt + F2 futhi ensimini evelayo, faka umyalo olandelayo:

   nm-uxhumano-umhleli



2. Ewindini evula, chofoza inkinobho. "Engeza".



3. Khetha umugqa ovela ohlwini "I-DSL" bese uchofoza "Dala".



4. Iwindi lizovula lapho okudingeka ufake khona igama loxhumo emgqeni ofanele.



5. Kuthebhu "Jikelele" Kunconywa ukuphawula amaphuzu amabili okuqala ukuze uma i-PC ivuliwe, inethiwekhi ifakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi bonke abasebenzisi bayakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo.



6. Kumathebhu we-DSL, faka igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ezindaweni ezifanele. Uma ungenayo le datha, ungaxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho.

   

   Qaphela: igama lensizakalo lingazikhethela.

7. Ukuya kuthebhu "Ethernet", khetha ohlwini "Idivayisi" Igama lesikhombikubona senethiwekhi esebhaliwe "Xhumanisa ukuxoxisana" - "Unganaki"futhi ensimini "Clone ikheli le-MAC" ucacise "Gcina".



8. Kuthebhu "Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4" nge-IP enamandla oyidingayo ohlwini "Ukubeka Indlela" khetha "I-Automatic (PPPoE)".



Uma amaseva e-DNS angaveli ngqo kumhlinzeki, bese ukhetha "I-Automatic (PPPoE, ikheli kuphela)" bese uzifaka emkhakheni wegama elifanayo.



Uma ngabe ikheli lakho le-IP liyi-static, udinga ukhethe indlela yebhuku bese ufaka yonke imingcele emasimini afanele okufakwayo.



9. Chofoza "Gcina" bese uvala iwindi lohlelo.

Ukuxhumeka kwe-Intanethi ngemuva kokuqeda zonke izenzo kumele kusungulwe. Uma kungenjalo, ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha kuzosiza.

I-DIAL-UP

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, i-DIAL-UP manje ibhekwa njengento engathandwa kakhulu, yingakho kungekho izinhlelo ezine-graphical interface ezingahle zilungiselelwe ku-Debian. Kodwa kukhona usizo pppconfig ne-interface ye-pseudographic. Ungakwazi futhi ukumisa usebenzisa i-Umbuso. wvdialkodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Indlela 1: i-pppconfig

Umbuso pppconfig kufana kakhulu pppoeconfig: uma uhlela, udinga nje ukunikeza izimpendulo zemibuzo, emva kwalokho ukuxhumeka kuzosungulwa. Kodwa le nsizakalo ayifakiwe ngaphambi kwesistimu, ngakho uyilayishe "Isikhumbuzo":

sudo apt ukufaka pppconfig

Uma ungenayo ukufinyelela kwi-intanethi ukwenza lokhu, kuzodingeka ufake kusukela ku-flash drive. Ukwenza lokhu, qala ukulanda iphakheji. pppconfig bese uyiphonsa emotweni.

Landa i-pppconfig ngezinhlelo ezingu-64-bit
Landa i-pppconfig ngezinhlelo ezingu-32-bit

Khona-ke ukufaka, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Faka i-USB flash drive kukhompyutha yakho.
2. Hambisa idatha kusuka kuyo kufolda "Ukulanda"okusemkhokheni wekhaya wesistimu yokusebenza.
3. Vula "Isikhumbuzo".
4. Hamba uye kufolda lapho uhambisa khona ifayela nge-Umbuso, okuwukuthi, kuya "Ukulanda":

   cd / ekhaya / UserName / Ukulanda

   Kuphela kunalokho "Igama lomsebenzisi" faka igama lomsebenzisi elibekwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesistimu.

5. Faka iphakheji pppconfig usebenzisa umyalo okhethekile:

   sudo dpkg -i [IphakhejiName] .deb

   Ungaphila khona "[PackageName]" egameni le-deb-file.

Uma nje iphakheji edingekayo efakwe ohlelweni, ungaqhubeka ngokuqondile ukusetha uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP.

1. Run the utility pppconfig:

   sudo pppconfig docomo

2. Esikhathini sokuqala sewindi lesikhangiso se-pseudo-graphic, khetha "Dala uxhumano olubizwa nge-docomo" bese uchofoza "Ok".



3. Bese unquma ukuthi ungahlela kanjani amaseva we-DNS. Nge-IP static, khetha "Sebenzisa i-DNS static"nge-dynamic - "Sebenzisa i-DNS enamandla".

   

   Okubalulekile: uma ukhetha "Sebenzisa i-DNS static", bese udinga ukufaka ngesandla ikheli le-IP lenkampani eyinhloko futhi, uma ikhona, iseva eyengeziwe.

4. Khetha indlela yokuqinisekisa ngokukhetha "Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa Yontanga"bese uchofoza "Ok".



5. Faka ukungena ngemvume okunikezwe ngumhlinzeki.



6. Faka iphasiwedi oyitholile kumhlinzeki.

   

   Qaphela: uma ungenayo le datha, thintana nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe bomhlinzeki bese uyithola ku-opharetha.

7. Manje udinga ukucacisa isivinini esikhulu se-Intanethi, esizokunika imodemu. Uma kungadingekile ukuyikhawulela ngokweqile, faka inani eliphakeme ensimini bese uchofoza "Ok".



8. Chaza indlela yokudayela njengethoni, khetha inketho "Ithoni" bese uchofoza "Ok".



9. Faka inombolo yakho yocingo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi udinga ukufaka idatha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isibonakaliso se-dash.



10. Cacisa ichweba le-modem yakho lapho lixhunyiwe khona.

    

    Qaphela: "amathrekhi we-ttyS0-ttyS3" angabonwa esebenzisa umyalo "sudo ls -l / dev / ttyS *"

11. Ewindini lokugcina uzolethwa ngombiko kuwo wonke idatha wangena ngaphambilini. Uma konke kulungile, khetha umugqa "Uqedile ukubhala amafayela bese ubuyela kumenyu enkulu" bese uchofoza Ngena.

Manje udinga kuphela ukukhipha umyalo owodwa wokuxhuma:

pon docomo

Ukuqeda uxhumano, sebenzisa lo myalo:

i-poff docomo

Indlela 2: i-wvdial

Uma ungazange uphathe ukusetha uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP usebenzisa indlela yangaphambilini, khona-ke ungayenza ngosizo lwe-Umbuso. wvdial. Kuzosiza ukudala ifayela elikhethekile ohlelweni, ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile. Manje izochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungayenza kanjani.

1. Kumele uqale ufake uhlelo wvdialngoba lokhu ku "Isikhumbuzo" okwanele ukwenza:

   sudo apt ukufaka wvdial

   Futhi, uma kulesi sikhashana inethiwekhi yakho ingalungiselelwe, ungalanda iphakheji elidingekayo kusengaphambili kusuka kusayithi kwenye idivaysi, uyiphonsa kwi-flash flash drive bese uyifaka kukhompyutha yakho.

   Landa ama-wvdial ngezinhlelo ezingu-64-bit
   Landa i-wvdial yezinhlelo ezingu-32-bit



2. Ngemuva kokuthi Umbuso ufakiwe ohlelweni lwakho, kufanele uligijime ukuze lenze ifayela elifanayo lokucushwa, esizoliguqula kamuva. Ukugijima, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

   sudo wvdialconf

3. Ifayela lenziwe kudokhumenti "/ njll /" futhi kubizwa "wvdial.conf". Vula kulo mhleli wombhalo:

   sudo nano /etc/wvdial.conf

4. Izogcina iziminganiso ezifundwa yi-Umbuso kusuka ku-modem yakho. Udinga nje ukugcwalisa imigqa emithathu: Ifoni, Igama lomsebenzisi futhi Iphasiwedi.



5. Londoloza izinguquko (Ctrl + O) bese uvala umhleli (Ctrl + X).

Ukuxhumeka kwe-DIAL-UP kulungiselelwe, kepha ukuze ukwazi ukukwenza, udinga ukukhipha umyalo owodwa owodwa:

sudo wvdial

Ukusetha uxhumo othomathikhi kwinethiwekhi uma ikhompyutha iqala, mane nje ufake lo myalelo ku-Debian autoload.

Isiphetho

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, futhi iDebian inezo zonke amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze zilungiswe. Njengoba ungabona kusukela ngenhla, kunezindlela eziningana zokulungisa uhlobo ngalunye lokuxhumeka. Kufanele nje unqume ukuthi ubani oyisebenzisayo.