Ungakhetha kanjani i-hard drive yangaphandle?

Sawubona, abafundi abathandekayo bebhulogi pcpro100.info! Namuhla ngizokutshela indlela yokukhetha idrayivu yangaphandle yangaphandle for ikhompyutha yakho, laptop noma tablet. Futhi ukhethe okulungile, ngokwezidingo zakho, futhi ukuze ukuthenga kuzosebenza iminyaka eminingi.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizokutshela wonke ama-nuances okukhetha ukushayela okukodwa kwangaphandle, cabanga ngokuningiliziwe ngemingcele okufanele inakekelwe ngaphambi kokuthenga, futhi, nakanjani, ngizokuhlanganisa ukulinganisa okuthembekile kuwe.

1. Izinketho zangaphandle ze-hard drive

Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi iyiphi i-hard drive yangaphandle engcono futhi kungani, udinga ukunquma ohlwini lwama-parameters wokuqhathanisa. Ngokuvamile gxila kulezi zici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

• ifomu;
• isikhombikubona;
• uhlobo lomemori;
• disk amandla.

Ukwengeza, ungacabangela ijubane lokujikeleza kwediski, ijubane lokudluliswa kwedatha, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla, amakhono okulondoloza okuzakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukutholakala kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe (ukuthuthwa komswakama nokuvikelwa uthuli, ukushaja amadivaysi e-USB, njll). Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye, ezifana nombala noma ukuba khona kwekhava elivikelayo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuthathwe njengesipho.

1.1. Ifomu lesimo

Ifomu yefomu inquma ubukhulu be disk. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakungekho ukushayela kwangaphandle okukhethekile, eqinisweni, ama diski avamile asetshenziswa. Zifakwe esitsheni esinamandla angaphandle - yilapho idivayisi ephathekayo yavela. Ngakho-ke, amagama wefomu afakwe emkhatsini wobuchwepheshe obumile: 2.5 "/ 3.5". Kamuva, inguqulo ehlanganisiwe kakhulu ye-1.8 yanezelwa. "

3,5”. Lesi yisici esikhulu kakhulu sefomu. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bamacwecwe anekhono elikhulu, i-akhawunti iya kuma-terabytes namashumi ama-terabytes. Ngesizathu esifanayo, iyunithi yolwazi kubo iyona eshibhile kakhulu. I-Cons - isisindo esiningi nesidingo sokuthwala isitsha ngokunikezwa amandla. I-disk enjalo izobiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5 emodeli engabizi kakhulu. I-Western Digital WDBAAU0020HBK iyidiski yangaphandle eyaziwayo kakhulu yefomu lezinhlobo eziningana. Intengo yayo ejwayelekile yi-ruble angu-17 300.

2,5”. Uhlobo lwediski oluvame kakhulu futhi elingabizi. Futhi yingakho: • ukukhanya ngokwanele kuqhathaniswa no 3.5 "; • kukhona ukutholakala kwamandla okwanele okuvela ku-USB (ngezinye izikhathi ikhebula lithatha amachweba amabili); • Amakhono agcwele - ama-gigabytes angama-500. Kukho cishe okungabikho ukuphazamiseka, ngaphandle kokuthi intengo ye-gigabyte engu-1 izobe iphakeme kancane kunenguqulo yangaphambilini. Izindleko ezincane zediski yale fomathi cishe ngama-ruble angu-3000. I-HDD ethandwa kakhulu yale fomu yefomu -Dlulisa i-TS1TSJ25M3. Izindleko zayo ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza kwami ​​zingama-ruble angu-4700.

1,8”. I-compact kunazo zonke, kodwa engakafiki imodeli yemakethe. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane nokusetshenziswa kwe-SSD-inkumbulo ingadla okungaphezu kuka-2.5 "ukushayela, hhayi okuphansi kubo ngokwevolumu. Imodeli ethandwa kakhulu yi-Transcend TS128GESD400K, ebiza ama-ruble angaba ngu-4 000, kodwa ukubuyekezwa mayelana nayo kushiye okuningi okudingekayo.

1.2. Isikhombisi-ndlela

I-interface ibonisa indlela yokuxhuma i-disk kwikhompyutha, okungukuthi, lapho ixhuma ingaxhumeka khona. Ake sibheke izinketho ezithandwayo kakhulu.

I-USB - inketho yokuxhumeka evamile kunazo zonke futhi jikelele. Ngokuvamile kunoma iyiphi idivayisi kukhona ukukhishwa kwe-USB noma i-adaptha efanelekile. Namuhla, i-USB 3.0 iyinqubo yamanje - inikeza ukuvinjelwa kokufunda okungu-5 GB ngomzuzwana, kanti inguqulo engu-2.0 ingakwazi kuphela ama-480 MB.

Qaphela! I-Version 3.1 ngokusheshisa kuze kufike ku-10 Gb / s isebenza ngomxhumanisi we-Type-C: ingafakwa nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi, kodwa ayihambisani nabadala. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-disc enjalo, qiniseka ukuthi isakhiwo esifanele sisekhona futhi sisekelwa uhlelo lokusebenza.

Amadivaysi anezixhumi ze-USB 2.0 nama-3.0 ahluke kancane kumanani, kokubili izinketho zingathengwa kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3 000. Imodeli enjalo ethandwa kakhulu ishiwo ngenhla.Dlulisa i-TS1TSJ25M3. Kodwa ezimbalwa ze-USB 3.1 zithokozi zibiza ngokweqile - kubo kuzomele zikhokhelwe kusuka ku-8 000. Kulezi, ngingaziqedaI-ADATA SE730 250GB, ngezindleko zama-ruble angu-9 200. Futhi endleleni, kubonakala sengathi ipholile kakhulu.

SATA.Isimiso se-SATA sesivele sanyamalala endaweni yesehlakalo sangaphandle, akukho amamodeli athengiswa ngawo. Ivumela isivinini kufika ku-1.5 / 3/6 GB ngesigamu, ngokulandelana - okungukuthi, ilahleka i-USB ngesivinini nokusabalalisa. Eqinisweni, i-SATA manje isetshenziselwa kuphela ukushayela kwangaphakathi.

eSATA - i-subspecies emndenini we-SATA-connectors. Unomumo wesiphakelalwazi ohlukile. Kubuye kwenzeke njalo, ngoba umzila wangaphandle onesimiso esinjalo kuzodingeka ukhokhe kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5.

Firewire.Isivinini sokuxhumeka kwe-Firewire singafinyelela ku-400 Mbps. Noma kunjalo, isixhumi esinjalo sitholakale singavamile. Ungathola imodeli yama-ruble angu-5400, kodwa lokhu kungenjalo, ngezinye izinhlobo izindleko ziqala kusuka ku-12-13,000.

Thunderbolt Isebenza ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esithile se-computer yama-Apple. Ijubane lokudlulisa liyilo elihloniphekile - kufika ku-10 Gb / s, kodwa ukungahambisani nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuxhuma kufaka isiphambano esibonakalayo. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa kuphela i-laptops kuphela kusuka ku-Apple, ungayithatha.

1.3. Uhlobo lokukhumbula

Amashayela angaphandle angasebenzisa imemori yendabuko kuma-disks ajikelezayo (i-HDD), noma nge-drive yesimo esiqinile yesimanje (SSD). Futhi emakethe kunezinhlelo ezihlangene lapho i-SSD esheshayo isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwekhompiyutha, futhi ingxenye ye-HDD iwukugcina imininingwane yesikhathi eside.

I-HDD - i-classic disc lapho amapuleti ehamba khona. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obutholile, lesi yisisombululo esithengeka kahle. Ukukhetha okuhle kokugcina isikhathi eside, ngoba ama-disks amakhulu-volume ayabizi kakhulu. Izinkinga ze-HDD - umsindo okhanyayo, kuye ngokuthi ijubane lokujikeleza kwedisk. Amamodeli anama-5400 rpm ayedlula kunama-7200 rpm. Izindleko zeDrayivu yangaphandle ye-HDD ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble angu-2800. Futhi futhi imodeli ethandwa kakhulu yiyonaDlulisa i-TS1TSJ25M3.

I-SSD - drive-state drive, lapho kungekho izingxenye ezihambayo, okuyinto kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi ukwehluleka uma idivaysi ishazamiseke ngengozi. Ihlukana nokwandisa isivinini sokudlulisela idatha kanye nobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, lingaphansi kwamanani angabizi kanye nezindleko: ngokudayiswa kwe-128 GB eshibhile, abathengisi bacela ama-ruble angu-4000-4500. Iningi livame ukuthengwaDlulisa i-TS128GESD400K ngezindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-4100 ruyuly, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sikhononda ngaye futhi siphoxe. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhokhisa imali futhi ukuthenga i-ssd-schnick yangaphandle evamile, isiboneloI-Samsung T1 Portable 500GB USB 3.0 I-SSD yangaphandle (MU-PS500B / AM), kodwa ithegi yentengo izoba ngama-ruble angu-18 000.

I-Hybrid HDD + SSDakuvamile. I-design hybrid yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zalaba ababili abalwe ngenhla kudivayisi eyodwa. Eqinisweni, isidingo sama-disks anjalo akungabazeki: uma udinga ukusheshisa umsebenzi ngokungathí sina, kufanele uthathe i-SSD yangaphakathi ephelele, futhi i-HDD ye-classic inhle yokugcina.

1.4. Iskrini sediski esinzima

Ngokuqondene nevolumu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokucatshangelwa okulandelayo. Okokuqala, ngokukhula kwevolumu, intengo ngayinye ye-gigabyte iyancipha. Okwesibili, amafayela wefayili (athathe okungenani amafilimu afanayo) aqhubeka ekhula. Ngakho-ke ngincoma ukuthi ngibheke emigqumeni emikhulu, isibonelo, ukukhetha i-hard drive ye-TB yangaphandle ye-TB, ikakhulukazi njengoba intengo yalezi zithombisi iqala kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3 400. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwi-disk yangaphandle ye-disk 2 TB izintengo ziqala ngo-5000. Inzuzo iyabonakala.

I-hard disk yangaphandle ye-TB - isilinganiselwa

1. Dlulisa i-TS1TSJ25M3. Inani elivela kuma-ruble angu-4000;
2. Seagate STBU1000200 - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-4500;
3. I-ADATA DashDrive ehlala ikhona HD650 1TB - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3800
4. I-Western Digital WDBUZG0010BBK-EESN - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3800.
5. Seagate STDR1000200 - kusuka ku-rubriki angu-3850.

I-hard disk engaphandle yangaphandle kwe-TB

1. I-Western Digital WDBAAU0020HBK - kusukela kuma-ruble angu-17300;
2. Seagate STDR2000200 - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-5500;
3. I-Western Digital WDBU6Y0020BBK-EESN - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-5500;
4. I-Western Digital Passport Yami Ultra 2 TB (WDBBUZ0020B-EEUE) 0 kusuka ku-rubber 6490;
5. Seagate STBX2000401 - kusuka ku-8340 ruble.

Angikwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ngokuthanda ivolumu encane. Ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukurekhoda inani elinqunyelwe lwedatha futhi unikeze nge disk yangaphandle komunye umuntu. Noma i-disc izosetshenziswa, isibonelo, nge-TV esekela inani elithile kuphela. Khona-ke akusizi ngalutho ukukhokhela ama-gigabytes.

1.5. Enye indlela yokukhetha i-hard drive yangaphandle

Ishicilelwe noma iphathekayo.Uma nje udinga ukwandisa isikhala esitholakalayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthwala i-disk noma ikuphi, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi zamashayela asebenzayo. Angakwazi ukuxhuma nge-USB, isibonelo, futhi idiski ngokwayo esitsheni - nge-SATA. Kuvela iqembu elibucayi, kodwa eliqinile kakhulu. Ukushayela okuhambayo ngokugcwele kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma ukhetha imodeli kwi-SSD ngevolumu encane, ungakhetha onobuhle obunamapremu angu-100. Kuyintokozo ukuyisebenzisa - into esemqoka akushiye ngephutha kwelinye itafula.

Ukutholakala kokupholisa okungeziwe nokunye komzimba.Le pharamitha iyadingeka kumamodeli aqinile. Ngempela, i-disk eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi i-3.5 "ifomu lesici, ishisa ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ikakhulukazi uma ukufunda noma ukubhala idatha kuqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukukhetha imodeli nge-fan eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Yiqiniso, kuyokwenza umsindo, kodwa iyopholisa idrayivu futhi ikhulise isikhathi sokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuqondene nalokho okushiwo, le nsimbi isusa ukushisa okungcono futhi, ngokufanele, iyona khetho ekhethiwe. Amapulasitiki asePlastiki asebenza ngokushisa ngokushisa, ngakho-ke kunengozi yokubangela ukuthi i-disc ikwazi ukushisa nokusebenza kabi.

Ukungavikeleki emanzini omswakama nothuli, ukuphikisana.Umkhuba uthola amandla okwenza okungenani amamodeli ambalwa emgqeni avikelwe emiphumeleni yezici ezihlukahlukene ezimazayo. Isibonelo, kusuka kumswakama nothuli. Ama-diss anjalo angasetshenziswa ngisho nasezimo ezingcono kakhulu, futhi azosebenza kahle. Yiqiniso, ukubhukuda isikhathi eside akukhuthazwa, kodwa awukwazi ukwesaba amaconsi amanzi. Yima amasondo owodwa ngokuvikelwa kokushaqeka. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinga, bangaphumelela ngokusuka emgqeni wamamitha noma ngokukhululekile baphonswe ewindini kusukela ngo-3-4 phansi. Angizange ngisongela idatha ngakho, kodwa kuhle ukwazi ukuthi okungenani ezimweni ezijwayelekile i-"yawela esandleni" i-disk izosinda.

Disk ijubane lokujikeleza.Imingcele eminingana incike ekuvinjeni kokuzungeza kwama-discs (kulinganiswa ngezimpendulo ngomzuzwana noma rpm): izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha, izinga lomsindo, ingakanani idiski idinga amandla ukuthi isebenze nokuthi ishisa kangakanani, njll.

• 5400 izinguquko - i-discs esheshayo, enokuthula - ngezinye izikhathi ibhekiselwa kusigaba samadivayisi "aluhlaza". Kuhle ukugcina idatha.
• 7200 izinguquko - Inani elilinganiselwe lejubane lokujikeleza linikeza ukusebenza okulinganiselayo. Uma kungekho zidingo ezikhethekile, lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
• Izinkulungwane ezingu-10 ziphenduka - esheshayo (phakathi kwe-HDD), ukushayela okuvame kakhulu nokuvame kakhulu. Ijubane lingaphansi kwe-SSD, ngakho-ke izinzuzo zingenangqondo.

Usayizi webhodi lokunamathisela.Ibhodi lokunamathisela - inani elincane lememori esheshayo esheshisa i-disk. Ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ububanzi bayo obubanzi kusuka kuma-megabyte angu-8 kuya ku-64. I-value ephakeme, ngokushesha umsebenzi onesidiski. Ngakho-ke ngincoma ukugxila kumuntu okungenani ama-megabytes angama-32.

Isofthiwe enikeziwe.Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza ama-disk ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile. Isofthiwe enjalo ingenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukopisha kwamafolda akhethiwe ngokuhambisana nesimiso esinqunyiwe. Noma ungenza ukwahlukanisa okufihliwe kusuka kwenye ingxenye yediski, ukufinyelela kuyo okuzovikelwa iphasiwedi. Noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi okuphawulekayo imisebenzi ejwayelekile kaningi ingasombululwa nge-software yangaphandle.

Izixhumi ezengeziwe nezinhlobo zokuxhumana.Amanothi amaningi athola umxhumanisi wenethiwekhi ejwayelekile ye-Ethernet. Ama-disks anjalo angasetshenziswa njenge-drive yenethiwekhi etholakalayo kusuka kumakhompyutha ahlukahlukene. Inketho ethandwa kakhulu ukugcina amafayela alayishiwe kubo. Amanye amashayela wangaphandle anikezwe nge-adapter ye-Wi-Fi yokuxhuma kumanethiwekhi angenantambo. Kulesi simo, zingasetshenziswa njengeseva yefayela yasekhaya kanye namafayela wesitolo se-multimedia kuso. Amanye ama-disc at the case angase abe nokukhipha okungeziwe kwe-USB. Kulungile, uma udinga ukushaja ngokushesha i-smartphone yakho, futhi uye esitokisini uvilapha kakhulu.

Ukubukeka.Yebo, ukucabangela ukulinganisa kufanele kulandelwe. Uma i-diski ikhethiwe njengesipho, kuhle ukukwazi okuthandwa ngumnikazi wesikhathi esizayo (isibonelo, umnyama omnyama noma obomvu obunqunu, ongenamhlophe omhlophe noma ompunga, njll). Ukuze ngikwazi ukuthwala, ngincoma ukuthenga icala kwidisk - ithola kancane engcolile, kulula ukuyibamba.

2. Abakhiqizi bamahhashi bangaphandle abakhulu

Kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izinkinobho ezinzima. Ngezansi ngizocabangela ukuthandwa kwabo futhi ukulinganisa kwamamodeli abo angcono kakhulu ama diski angaphandle.

2.1. Seagate

Omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezindiza ezinzima zangaphandle nguSeagate (USA). Inzuzo engenakunqotshwa yemikhiqizo yayo yindleko ezingabizi. Ngokwemininingwane ehlukahlukene, inkampani ihlala cishe engama-40% emakethe yasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka inani lokuphazamiseka, kuvela ukuthi ama-Seagate amashayeli anikezwa ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa i-PC nezindawo zokusiza ngamacala angaphezu kwama-50%. Ngamanye amazwi, amathuba okubhekana nezinkinga kubalandeli balo mkhiqizo ziphakeme kakhulu. Izindleko ziqala kusukela ku-2800 ruble ngayinye nge-disc.

Amashayela asebenzayo asebenzayo angaphandle eSeagate

1. Seagate STDR2000200 (2 TB) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-5490;
2. Seagate STDT3000200 (3 TB) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-6 100;
3. I-Seagate STCD500202 (i-500 GB) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3 500.

2.2. I-digital digital

Enye inkampani enkulu iWest Digital (USA). Ibuye ibe nengxenye emangalisayo yemakethe. Ababusi abahlukahlukene, kubandakanya ama-diski "aluhlaza" aphelile futhi apholile ngejubane eliphansi lokujikeleza, bathandana namakhasimende. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkinga ezine-disk WD zibikwa kaningi kangako. Intengo yezinhlobo ze-Western Digital iqala kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3000.

Amashayela asebenzayo anzima angaphandle kwe-Western Western

1. I-Western Digital WDBAAU0020HBK (2 TB) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-17300;
2. I-Western Digital WDBUZG0010BBK-EESN (1 TB) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3,600;
3. I-Western Digital Ipasipoti Yami Ultra 1 TB (WDBJNZ0010B-EEUE) - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-6800.

2.3. Transcend

Inkampani yaseTaiwan eveza zonke izinhlobo ze-hardware - kusukela ezinkumbulweni zenkumbulo kuya kubadlali bemidiya yedijithali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukushayela kwangaphandle kanzima. Njengoba ngibhala ngenhla, i-Transcend TS1TSJ25M3 iyona ethandwa kakhulu idrayivu yangaphandle phakathi kwabantu bakithi. Kuyabizi kakhulu, kuthengiswa cishe kuzo zonke izitolo, abantu abayithandayo. Kodwa ukubuyekezwa okungalungile mayelana nakho kugcwele. Mina ngokwami ​​angizange ngiyisebenzise, ​​angikwazi ukuphikisana, kodwa bakhononda ngakho ngokuvamile. Esilinganisweni sokuthembeka, angizange ngifake eziphezulu eziyishumi ngokuqinisekile.

2.4. Abanye abakhiqizi

Ukulandela kule simo yizinkampani ezinjengoHitachi noToshiba. I-Hitachi inesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokungaphumeleli: impilo yokusebenza ejwayelekile ngaphambi kokuvela kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5. Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, la ma disks akhona athembekile kakhulu. I-Toshiba ivala ezine eziphezulu. Ama-disks ale nkampani anezici ezinhle kakhulu. Amanani nawo ahluke kakhulu kumncintiswaneni.

Ungakwazi futhi ukuphawula i-Samsung, eyenza ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenza. Idrayivu yangaphandle ephathekayo yale nkampani izobiza okungenani ama-ruble angu-2850.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-ADATA ne-Silicon Power zinikeza ama-disks ahlukahlukene abiza ama-ruble angu-3 000-3500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-flash drive alawa makhamphani avame ukuba nemfanelo engathandeki, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinhlanzi, noma ngenxa yezinkinga ezinezinxenye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenzisa ukushaqeka, i-umswakama kanye ne-disc engavikelekile kusuka ku-Silicon Power kimi kanye nabangani bami abaningi kubalulekile kakhulu.

3. Ukushayela kwangaphandle kwangaphandle - ukulinganiswa kokuthembeka 2016

Isele ukucacisa i-hard drive yangaphandle engcono kakhulu. Njengoba kwenzeka njalo, akunakwenzeka ukunikeza impendulo eyodwa lapha - imingcele eminingi ingathonya isinqumo sabahluleli. Uma udinga ukusheshisa umsebenzi nedatha, isibonelo, njalo uphathe amavidiyo anzima - thatha umshini we-SSD. Ufuna ukwenza ingobo yomlando yezithombe zomndeni ngamashumi eminyaka ambalwa - khetha i-HDD ekhululekile esuka ku-Western Digital. Ukuze iseva yefayela, nakanjani udinga okuthile kusuka ochungechungeni oluthi "aluhlaza", okuthulile futhi okungaqondakali, ngoba leyo disk izosebenza kwimodi eqhubekayo. Ngami ngokwami, ngizikhiphela izinkomba ezinjalo ukulinganisa kwangaphandle kwe-hard drive:

1. I-Toshiba Canvio Ready 1TB
2. I-ADATA HV100 1TB
3. I-ADATA HD720 1TB
4. I-Western Digital Ipasipoti Yami Ultra 1 TB (WDBDDE0010B)
5. Dlulisa i-TS500GSJ25A3K

Iyiphi disc ongathanda ukuyithenga? Yaba umbono wakho kuzimpendulo. I-stable isebenze imoto yakho!