Amagciwane wekhompyutha yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlelo ezilimaza uhlelo, zitshontsha idatha yomuntu siqu, noma zenze ikhompiyutha ingakhululekile ngokubonisa izikhangisi. Amanye ama-malware angabhala idatha kuma-drives anzima, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwabo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi ungavikela kanjani i-PC yakho kulezi zinambuzane.
Ukuvikelwa kwegciwane
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvikela amagciwane, futhi ukungafani kwabo kusekusebenzeni kwabo nokusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, isofthiwe esinamandla ye-antivirus enzelwe ingxenye yezinkampani ngeke isebenze kumsebenzisi we-PC evamile ekhaya, futhi uma izimo ezithile zifinyelelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi ungenakho i-antivirus nhlobo. Okulandelayo, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe okukhethwa kukho okuhlukile, futhi ukhulume ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka.
Indlela ama-virus athola ngayo kukhompyutha
Empeleni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zokungena kwe-malware kwi-PC - i-intanethi nemidiya yenyama. Ngenethiwekhi, bafika kithi ngokulanda amafayela ahlukahlukene kusuka emithonjeni engaqondakali, ukuthumela okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili okuthelelekile, kanye nezindlela ezihlakaniphile. Ukuze ugweme lokhu kulula kakhulu - landela imithetho elula, esizoxoxa ngayo ngezansi.
Ngomidiya womzimba - ama-flash drive - udinga ukucophelela kakhulu. Uma ukuhlaselwa nge-intanethi kwenziwe ngokungahleliwe, ukudluliswa kwegciwane eligciwane kungagxilisa umgomo othize. Ngokuvamile uthola ukulawula phezu kwe-PC yakho kanye (noma) ukwebiwa kwezazisi - amagama abasebenzisi namaphasiwedi kusuka kumasevisi kanye nemikhwama noma olunye ulwazi olubalulekile.
Indlela 1: I-Antivirus
I-antivirus isofthiwe ekhethekile esiza ukuvimbela i-malware ekungeneni kwe-PC yethu. Ukuze usebenze ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, lezo zinhlelo zisebenzisa ama-database asetshenziwe alungele ukusayina kwamagciwane okwamanje.
I-antivirus ihlukaniswe ibe ikhokhwe futhi ikhululekile. Ukungezwani kwabo ngokuyinhloko kuqukethe isethi yemisebenzi. Isici esiyinhloko sezinhlelo ezikhokhelwe ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okubuyekezwa njalo njalo. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba usheshe uphendule ekukhuleni kwezinambuzane ezintsha bese uvalela ukufinyelela ku-PC. Imikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu ihlanganisa iKaspersky Anti-Virus, i-Norton Internet Security, i-ESET NOD32 Antivirus.
Funda futhi: Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-antipirus Kaspersky Anti-Virus kanye ne-ESET NOD32
Ukufaneleka kokufaka i-antivirus ekhokhelwayo ngumbuzo ngamunye ngomsebenzisi ngamunye. Uma umshini usetshenziswa njengomthombo wemali engenayo, okusho ukugcinwa kolwazi olubalulekile, amaphrojekthi nezinye izinto, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa amalayisensi akhokhelwayo. Esimweni esifanayo, uma ikhompyutha iklanyelwe ukuzithokozisa nokushisa, ungathola ngomkhiqizo wamahhala, isibonelo, i-Avast Free Antivirus noma i-Avira Free Antivirus.
Bheka futhi: Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-antivirus Avira ne-Avast
Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi izinhlelo ezinamandla ezikhokhelwayo zidala umthwalo obalulekile ohlelweni. Ngemuva, bahlale beqapha izinqubo, hlola izinkinobho ezinzima nokulanda kusuka kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuziphatha kungathinta ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi kuma-PC abuthakathaka.
Indlela 2: Amathuluzi weWindows System
Zonke izinguqulo zesimanje ze-Windows, eziqala nge-XP, zihlomele uhlelo lokuvimbela i-antivirus ngegama elilula elithi "Windows Defender" (Windows Defender). Lo mkhiqizo unenani elincane lezinto ezibonakalayo - ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuskena kwesistimu yefayili kumagciwane. Inzuzo ecacile yaloluhlelo ukugcina umsebenzisi ukuba afake isofthiwe eyengeziwe. Ukusebenza kahle kancane.
I-Windows Defender iphelele uma izinhlelo ezingavunyelwe zifakwe kwikhompyutha yakho, imithombo ethembekile kuphela evakashelwe ku-inthanethi futhi umshini usetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokuzijabulisa nokuxhumana. Kwezinye izimo, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngendlela ye-antivirus.
Funda kabanzi: Vumela futhi ukhubaza i-Windows Defender
Imithetho yokuphepha
Iningi lemithetho eyinhloko ngesimo esisodwa noma enye isivele ikhulunywe ngenhla, ngakho fingqa lokho okwakushiwo.
- Kuzo zonke izimo, ngaphandle kokuhlukile, isibonelo, uma unomshini obuthakathaka kakhulu, udinga ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ngesimo se-antivirus.
- Sebenzisa kuphela izinhlelo zelayisense futhi uvakashele amasayithi athembekile.
- Ungasebenzisi amanye ama-flash drive. Ukwaziswa ngokushayela kwakho okudinga futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvikelwe kusuka kumagciwane.
Funda kabanzi: Ukuvikela i-USB flash drive kusuka kumagciwane.
- Uma ikhompyutha ingumthombo wemali engenayo, kumele usebenzise imikhiqizo ye-antivirus ekhokhelwayo.
- Yenza ama-backups avamile wesistimu yakho namafayela abalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuwabuyisela uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa.
Funda kabanzi: Indlela yokubuyisela iWindows
Izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwedatha ebalulekile kuzosiza futhi ukugwema isitoreji sefu - Yandex.Disk, Google Drayivu, i-Dropbox.
Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka
Ngisho nama-antivirus amaningi "apholile" akakwazi ukunikeza ukuvikelwa kwekhulu wamaphesenti. "Abalingisi" abalele, futhi amagciwane amasha awawa ngokushesha ku-database. Uma i-PC yakho isuleleke ngekhodi enonya, unga (udinga) yenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Okokuqala qiniseka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzekile. Ungayinquma ngezinye izimpawu, kanye nokusebenzisa i-virus scanners.
- Uma izinambuzane zitholakala, zenza ukuzihlanza usebenzisa izinsiza ezikhethekile, futhi uma kungenzeka, funa usizo oluvela kubanikazi bezinsiza ezikhethekile.
Funda kabanzi: Ukulwa namagciwane e-computer
Isiphetho
Ukuvikela ikhompyutha yakho kusuka kumagciwane kuyindaba lapho umthwalo wemfanelo uhlala ngokuphelele emahlombe omsebenzisi. Uma ukhetha indlela, zama ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi uzosebenzisa i-PC. Amaphutha angabangela imiphumela ebuhlungu ngokulahlekelwa kwedatha, mhlawumbe ngisho nemali. Uma ungakwazi ukuphatha kalula isipele sokuqala, akekho oyobuyisela imali kuwe.
