Into enjengokubeka i-router namuhla ingesikhathi esifanayo enye yezinsizakalo ezivame kakhulu, enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kubasebenzisi, kanye neminye yemibuzo evame kakhulu ku-Yandex nasezinsizeni zokusesha ze-Google. Kuwebhusayithi yami ngibhale kakade imiyalo engaphezu kweyishumi mayelana nendlela yokulungisa ama-routers amamodeli ahlukahlukene, ne-firmware ehlukene kanye nabahlinzeki abahlukene.
Kodwa-ke, abaningi babhekene nesimo lapho ukucinga kwi-intanethi kungabangeli imiphumela yecala labo. Izizathu zalokhu zingase zihluke ngokuphelele: umxhumanisi esitolo, ngemuva kokuba umphathi amshaye, uyakuncoma ukuthi ungomunye wamamodeli angathandeki, kusukela emalini okudingeka ulahle; Uxhumeke kunoma imuphi umhlinzeki akekho owaziyo noma ochazwe ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani i-Wi-Fi router. Izinketho zihlukile.
Ngandlela-thile, uma ufonela i-wizard esebenzayo ikhompuyutha, cishe cishe ngemuva kokumba okwesikhashana, ngisho nokuqala ukuhlangabezana nale router nomhlinzeki wakho, uzokwazi ukusetha uxhumano oludingekayo nenethiwekhi engenantambo. Uyakwenza kanjani lokhu? Ngokuvamile, kulula kakhulu - kukwanele ukwazi izimiso ezithile futhi uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela ukusetha i-router nokuthi yiziphi izenzo okudingeka zithathwe ukuze zenzeke.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona imfundo yokwenza imodeli ethize yomzila ongenazintambo, kodwa umhlahlandlela walabo abafuna ukufunda ukulungisa noma iyiphi i-router nganoma yimuphi umhlinzeki we-Inthanethi ngokwabo.
Imiyalo eningiliziwe yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nabahlinzeki ongayithola lapha.Ukusetha i-router yanoma iyiphi imodeli kunoma imuphi umhlinzeki
Kudingekile ukwenza ezinye izinkulumo eziphathelene nesihloko: kwenzeka ukuthi ukubeka umzila womkhiqizo othize (ikakhulukazi onobuhle obunqunu noma ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe) ngoba umhlinzeki othile ubonakala engenakwenzeka. Kukhona nesici, noma ezinye izimbangela zangaphandle - izinkinga zekhebula, ugesi we-static kanye nama-short-circuits, nabanye. Kodwa, ngamacala angu-95%, ukuqonda nokuthi isebenza kanjani, ungalungisa konke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imishini nokuthi iyiphi insizakalo yokuthola i-intanethi.
Ngakho-ke, kulokho esizoqhubeka kulo mhlahlandlela:- Sinomzila osebenzayo odingeka ukulungiswa.
- Kukhona ikhompyutha exhunywe kwi-Intanethi (okusho ukuthi uxhumano lwenethiwekhi lulungiselelwe futhi lusebenza ngaphandle komzila)
Sifunda uhlobo lokuxhumana
Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele wazi ukuthi hlobo luni lokuxhumeka olusetshenziswa umhlinzeki. Futhi lolu lwazi lungatholakala kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani enikeza ukufinyelela kwi-intanethi. Enye indlela, uma uxhumano seluvele luhlelwe kukhompyutha uqobo, ukubona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuxhumana ziyi-PPPoE (isibonelo, i-Rostelecom), i-PPTP ne-L2TP (isibonelo, i-Beeline), i-Dynamic IP (ikheli le-Dynamic IP, isibonelo, ku-intanethi) ne-Static IP (ikheli le-IP static - elivame ukusetshenziswa emahhovisi ehhovisi).
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumeka olusetshenziselwa kukhompyutha ekhona, kwanele ukuya ohlwini lokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi yekhomputha ngexhumano olusebenzayo (ku-Windows 7 no-8 - Iphaneli Yokulawula - Inethiwekhi Nokwabelana Ngendawo - Shintsha izilungiselelo ze-adaptha; ku-Windows XP - I-Panel Ukuphathwa - Ukuxhumeka Kwamaxhumo) bese ubheka ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo.
Okuhlukile kwalokho esizokubona ngokuxhumeka kwe-wired kungaba okulandelayo:
Uhla lokuxhumana
- Ukuxhumeka okukodwa kwe-LAN kusebenza;
- I-Active iyindawo yokuxhumana yendawo futhi enye inokuxhumeka okusheshayo, ukuxhumeka kwe-VPN, igama alibalulekile, lingabizwa ngokuthi yikuphi, kodwa iphuzu ukuthi ukufinyelela kwi-intanethi kule khompyutha isebenzisa izilungiselelo ezithile zokuxhumeka okudingeka sizikwazi ukusetha okulandelayo kwe-router.
Esikhathini sokuqala, thina, cishe, sibhekana nokuxhumeka njenge-Dynamic IP, noma i-IP Static. Ukuze uthole ukuthi, udinga ukubheka izakhiwo zendawo yendawo yokuxhumana. Chofoza kusixhumi sokuxhuma bese unenkinobho yesokudla yegundane, chofoza "Properties". Khona-ke, ohlwini lwamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa uxhumano, khetha "I-Protocol Protocol 4 IPv4" bese uchofoza "Properties" futhi. Uma sibona ezakhiweni ikheli le-IP namakheli we-DNS we-server ezikhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, khona-ke sinokuxhumana okunamandla kwe-IP. Uma kukhona izinombolo lapho, khona-ke sinamakheli we-ip static futhi lezi zinombolo kudingeka zibhaliswe kwenye indawo ngokusetha okulandelayo komzila, zizosiza.
Ukulungisa i-router, uzodinga izilungiselelo zokuxhumana ze-IP Static.
Esikhathini sesibili, sinomunye uhlobo loxhumano. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyi-PPPoE, i-PPTP noma i-L2TP. Ukuze sibone ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo loxhumano esisisebenzisayo, futhi, singakwazi kuzici zalolu xhumano.
Ngakho-ke, onolwazi mayelana nohlobo lokuxhumeka (sicabanga ukuthi unolwazi mayelana nokungena ngemvume nephasiwedi, uma udinga ukufinyelela ku-intanethi), ungaqhubeka ngqo kulungiselelo.
Ixhuma i-router
Ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-router kukhompuyutha, shintsha izilungiselelo zendawo yokuxhumeka kwendawo ukuze ikheli le-IP ne-DNS zitholakale ngokuzenzekelayo. Mayelana nokuthi lezi zilungiselelo zitholakala kuphi, zabhalwa ngenhla uma kuziwa ekuxhumaneni nekheli le-IP eliyisimo eliqinile nesinamandla.
Izakhi ezijwayelekile cishe noma iyiphi i-router
Ama-routers amaningi anezixhumi ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu ezisayinwe yi-LAN noma i-Ethernet, kanye nomxhumanisi owodwa osayinwe yi-WAN noma i-Inthanethi. Kwesinye se-LAN kufanele uxhume ikhebula, elinye ukuphela kwalo okuzoxhumeka kumxhumanisi ofanele wekhadi lenethiwekhi yikhompyutha. Ikhebula lomhlinzeki wakho we-intanethi lixhunywe ku-intanethi ye-intanethi. Sixhuma router ekunikezeni amandla.
Ilawula i-router ye-Wi-Fi
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-routers kule kit ziza nesofthiwe eyenzelwe ukwenza lula inqubo yokulungisa umzila. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi le software isisiza ukulungisa uxhumano kubahlinzeki abakhulu bezinga likahulumeni. Sizokwenza i-router isilungiselele ngesandla.
Cishe wonke ama-router anepaneli yokuphatha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi evumela ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izilungiselelo ezidingekayo. Ukuze ungene, kukwanele ukwazi ikheli le-IP okumele uxhumane nalo, ukungena ngemvume kanye nephasiwedi (uma othile ngaphambilini amise router, kunconywa ukuthi usethe kabusha izilungiselelo zayo ezilungiselelweni zefektri, ngokuvamile ukuthi inkinobho ye-RESET). Ngokuvamile, leli kheli, igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi kubhaliwe ku-router ngokwayo (kusitika ngemuva) noma kumadokhumenti afika nedivayisi.
Uma kungekho lwazi olunjalo, ikheli lomzila lingalinganiswa kanje: qala umlayini womyalo (uma nje umzila usuvele uxhumeke kukhompyutha), faka umyalo ipconfig, futhi ubone isango eliyinhloko lokuxhumeka kunethiwekhi yendawo noma i-Ethernet - ikheli lale gateway likheli le-router. Ngokuvamile yi-192.168.0.1 (i-D-Link routers) noma i-192.168.1.1 (i-Asus nabanye).
Mayelana ne-login ejwayelekile nephasiwedi ukungena iphaneli yokuphatha lomzila, lolu lwazi lungasesha kwi-inthanethi. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu ziyi:
| Ngena ngemvume | Iphasiwedi |
| umphathi | umphathi |
| umphathi | (akunalutho) |
| umphathi | idlula |
| umphathi | 1234 |
| umphathi | iphasiwedi |
| impande | umphathi |
| Futhi abanye ... |
Manje, uma sazi ikheli, ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi, siqalise noma yisiphi isiphequluli bese ufaka ikheli le-router ku-bar yekheli, ngokulandelana. Uma besicela ngakho, faka ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi ukuze ufinyelele izilungiselelo zayo bese ufika ekhasini lokuphatha.
Ngizobhala engxenyeni elandelayo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo nokuthi yini ukulungiswa komzila ngokwawo, ngoba isihloko esisodwa sesivele sanele.
