Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuphatha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC. Ngalo, ungahlukanisa izinsiza zebhizinisi, imikhiqizo, amakhasimende, njll. ngokubaluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezinga lokubaluleka, izingxenye ezibalwe ngenhla zinikezwa esinye sezigaba ezintathu: A, B, noma C. Excel ineamathuluzi emithwalweni yayo eyenza kube lula ukwenza lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa. Ake sibone ukuthi singawasebenzisa kanjani, futhi yini ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC.
Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kuwumhlobo wokuthuthukiswa futhi uguqulelwe izimo zanamuhla ezihlukile kwePareto isimiso. Ngokwendlela yokuziphatha kwayo, zonke izici zokuhlaziywa zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokubaluleka:
- Isigaba A - izakhi ezinokunye okufanayo 80% isisindo esithile;
- Isigaba B - izakhi, konke okuvela kuwo 5% kuze kube 15% isisindo esithile;
- Isigaba C - izakhi ezisele, ingqikithi ephelele 5% nesisindo esincane esithile.
Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa amasu ethuthukile kakhulu futhi zihlukanisa izakhi hhayi zibe ngu-3, kodwa zibe ngamaqembu angu-4 noma ama-5, kodwa sizobe sithembele kuhlelo lokufunda lwe-ABC.
Indlela 1: ukuhlaziywa ngokuhlunga
Ku-Excel, ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlunga. Zonke izinto zihlelwa kusuka ngobukhulu kuya ezincane kakhulu. Khona-ke isisindo esithile sokuqoqa isici ngasinye sibalwa, ngesisekelo esithile esinikezwa kuso isigaba esithile. Ake sisebenzise isibonelo esithile ukuze sithole indlela le nqubo isetshenziswa ngayo.
Sinetafula elinolwazi lwezinto ezidayiswa yinkampani, kanye nenani elifanayo lemali evela ekuthengiseni isikhathi esithile. Ngaphansi kwetafula, inani lemali engenayo lifingqiwe kuzo zonke izinto zezimpahla. Umsebenzi ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC ukuhlukanisa le mikhiqizo ngamaqembu ngokubaluleka kwayo kwenkampani.
- Khetha ithebula nge-cursor yedatha, ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele, ngaphandle kwekhanda nomugqa wokugcina. Iya kuthebhu "Idatha". Chofoza inkinobho. "Hlunga"etholakala ebhodini lamathuluzi "Hlunga futhi uhlunge" kwi-tape.
Ungenza futhi ngokuhlukile. Khetha uhla olungenhla kwetafula, bese uhambisa kuthebhu "Ikhaya" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Hlunga futhi uhlunge"etholakala ebhodini lamathuluzi Ukuhlela kwi-tape. Uhlu luvulwe lapho sikhetha isikhundla kuso. "Hlunga ngezifiso".
- Uma usebenzisa noma yikuphi okwenziwe ngenhla, iwindi yezilungiselelo zokuhlela ziqalisiwe. Sibheka ipharamitha "Idatha yami inezihloko" uphawu lubekwe. Uma kungekho, faka.
Ensimini "Ikholomu" ucacise igama lekholomu lapho idatha ku-engenayo.
Ensimini "Hlunga" udinga ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezithile ezizohlungwa. Sishiya izilungiselelo ezihleliwe - "Amanani".
Ensimini "Hlela" wabeka isikhundla "Yehla".
Ngemva kokwenza lezi zilungiselelo chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
- Ngemva kokwenza lesi senzo, zonke izinto zihlelwe ngemali evela phezulu kakhulu kuya ezansi.
- Manje sidinga ukubala inani lesakhi ngasinye sesilinganiso. Sidala kulezi zinhloso ikholomu eyengeziwe, esizoyibiza "Yabelana". Esitokisini sokuqala sale kholomu ufake uphawu "="emva kwalokho sikhombisa ukubhekisela kweseli lapho isamba semali esivela ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo ofanelekile. Okulandelayo, setha uphawu lwesigaba ("/"). Emva kwalokho sibonisa izixhumanisi zeseli, equkethe inani eliphelele lokuthengisa kwezimpahla kulo lonke ibhizinisi.
Ukucabangela ukuthi sizokopisha ifomula ekhonjisiwe kwamanye amaseli wekholomu "Yabelana" ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, ikheli lokuxhumanisa nesici esiqukethe inani eliphelele lemali yebhizinisi, kudingeka silungise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza isixhumanisi ngokuphelele. Khetha izixhumanisi zeseli ecacisiwe kwifomula bese ucindezela ukhiye F4. Njengoba singabona, isibonakaliso se-dollar sivele phambi kwezixhumanisi, okubonisa ukuthi isixhumanisi sesiphelele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubhekisela kwinani lemali engenayo yento yokuqala ohlwini (Into 3) kufanele ihlale isihlobo.
Khona-ke, ukwenza izibalo, chofoza inkinobho. Ngena.
- Njengoba ubona, inani lemali engenayo evela kumkhiqizo wokuqala ohlwini oluhlwini luboniswa esitokisini esilitshe. Ukwenza ikhophi ifomula ebangeni elingezansi, faka isikhombisi ekhoneni elingaphansi kwesokudla leseli. Iguqulwa ibe uphawu lokugcwalisa olubukeka njengesiphambano esincane. Chofoza inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese uhudula isibambo sokugcwalisa phansi ekupheleni kwekholomu.
- Njengoba ubona, yonke ikholomu igcwele idatha echaza ukwabelana kwemali evela ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo ngamunye. Kodwa inani lesisindo esithile siboniswa ngefomethi yezinombolo, futhi sidinga ukuguqula ibe iphesenti. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha okuqukethwe kukholomu "Yabelana". Bese uthuthela kuthebhu "Ikhaya". Ebhebheni eqenjini lezilungiselelo "Inombolo" Kukhona insimu ebonisa ifomethi yedatha. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uma ungazange wenze noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezengeziwe, ifomethi kufanele isethwe lapho. "Jikelele". Sichofoza esithombeni ngesimo soxantathu esivela ngakwesokudla sale nsimu. Kuhlu lwamafomethi ovula, khetha isikhundla "Inzalo".
- Njengoba ubona, zonke izindinganiso zekholomu zaguqulwa zibe ngamaphesenti. Njengoba kufanele kube, emgqeni "Ingqikithi" kubonisiwe 100%. Ingxenye yezimpahla ezilindeleke ukuba zitholakale kukholomu kusuka ezinkulu kuya ezincane.
- Manje kufanele senze ikholomu lapho ukwabelana okuhlanganyelwe nesamba esiphezulu kuzoboniswa khona. Okungukuthi, emgqeni ngamunye, isisindo esithile sazo zonke izimpahla esitholakala ohlwini olungenhla sizofakwa kwisisindo esithile somuntu ngamunye. Ngento yokuqala ohlwini (Into 3) isisindo esithile esithile nesabelo esilondoloziwe sizolingana, kodwa kuzo zonke izalandela, ukwabelana okuqoqiwe kwento yangaphambilini ohlwini kuzodingeka bengezwe kumbonisi ngamunye.
Ngakho, emgqeni wokuqala sidlulisela kukholomu "Yabelane Ngokuhlanganyela" isilinganiso sekholomu "Yabelana".
- Okulandelayo, setha isikhombisi kuseli lesibili lesikholomu. "Yabelane Ngokuhlanganyela". Lapha kufanele sisebenzise ifomula. Sabeka uphawu kufana bese uphaqa okuqukethwe kweseli "Yabelana" umugqa ofanayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaseli "Yabelane Ngokuhlanganyela" kusuka ohlwini olungenhla. Zonke izixhumanisi zihlobene, okungukuthi, asenzi noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezihambisana nazo. Emva kwalokho, chofoza inkinobho. Ngena ukubonisa umphumela wokugcina.
- Manje udinga ukukopisha leli fomu kumaseli alesi kholomu, ezitholakala ngezansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, esilusebenzise kakade ukukopisha ifomula kukholomu "Yabelana". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intambo "Ingqikithi" Ukubamba akudingekile ngoba umphumela oqoqiwe 100% izoboniswa entweni yokugcina ohlwini. Njengoba ungabona, zonke izakhi zekholomu yethu emva kwalokho zagcwaliswa.
- Emva kwalokho sakha ikholomu "Iqembu". Sizodinga ukuhlela imikhiqizo ibe yizigaba A, B futhi C ngokusho kwesabelo esibalwe kubonisiwe. Njengoba sikhumbula, zonke izakhi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:
- A - kuze kube 80%;
- B - okulandelayo 15%;
- Nge - esele 5%.
Ngakho-ke, zonke izimpahla, isabelo esiqongelelwayo sesisindo esithile esingena emngceleni kuya 80%unike isigaba A. Impahla enesisindo esithile esinqunyiwe 80% kuze kube 95% unike isigaba B. Iqembu elisele lomkhiqizo elinenani lokuningi 95% Ukwengeza isisindo esithile sinikeze isigaba C.
- Ukuze uzwisise, ungagcwalisa la maqembu ngemibala ehlukene. Kodwa lokhu kuyakhetha.
Ngakho-ke, siphulile izakhi zibe ngamaqembu ngokuya kwezinga lokubaluleka, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC. Uma usebenzisa ezinye izindlela, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, sebenzisa ukwahlukana ngamaqembu amaningi, kodwa isimiso sokuhlukanisa sisahlala singashintshi.
Isifundo: Ukuhlunga nokuhlunga ku-Excel
Indlela 2: usebenzisa ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi
Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlunga kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC ku-Excel. Kodwa kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhube ukuhlaziywa ngaphandle kokulungisa kabusha imigqa etafuleni lomthombo. Kulokhu, ifomula eliyinkimbinkimbi lizosiza. Isibonelo, sizosebenzisa ithebula elifanayo lomthombo njengalapho kuqala.
- Engeza etafuleni langempela eliqukethe igama lezimpahla nemali etholakala ekudayiseni ngamunye wabo, ikholomu "Iqembu". Njengoba ubona, kulokhu asikwazi ukwengeza amakholomu ngokubala kwamasheya ngabanye kanye nalabo abaqoqiwe.
- Khetha iseli lokuqala kukholomu. "Iqembu"bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Faka umsebenzi"itholakala eduze kwebha yefomula.
- Ukuqaliswa kwenziwa Amakhosi omsebenzi. Hambisa kusigaba "Izixhumanisi nezigaba". Khetha umsebenzi "Khetha". Chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza ivuliwe. UKUKHETHA. I-syntax yayo ilandelayo:
= Khetha (Inombolo yohlu lwama-Index; Inani1; I-Value2; ...)Inhloso yalolu msebenzi ukukhipha enye yezindinganiso ezicacisiwe, kuye ngenombolo yenkomba. Inombolo yamanani ingafinyelela ku-254, kodwa sidinga amagama amathathu kuphela ahambisana nezigaba zokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC: A, B, Nge. Singakwazi ukungena ngokushesha ensimini "Inani1" uphawu "A"ensimini "Value2" - "B"ensimini "Value3" - "C".
- Kodwa ngempikiswano "Inombolo yenkomba" Kuzodingeka ukucubungula kahle, ekwakheni kuwo amanye ama-operators engeziwe. Setha isikhombisi emkhakheni "Inombolo yenkomba". Okulandelayo, chofoza isithonjana esinesimo sesangxenyana ngakwesokunxele kwenkinobho "Faka umsebenzi". Uhlu lwamagaretha asanda kusetshenziswa luvula. Sidinga umsebenzi MATCH. Njengoba kungekho kuhlu, chofoza amazwibela "Ezinye izici ...".
- Igijima iwindi futhi. Amakhosi omsebenzi. Phinda uye esigabeni "Izixhumanisi nezigaba". Sithola lapho isikhundla "QHUBA"ukhethe bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano ye-Operator ivuleka MATCH. I-syntax yayo ilandelayo:
= MATCH (Inani elikhishiwe; libukeka lifana; i-match_type)Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukucacisa inombolo yendawo yezinto ezicacisiwe. Yilokho, yilokho esikudingayo ensimini "Inombolo yenkomba" imisebenzi UKUKHETHA.
Ensimini "Uhlu olubukiwe" Ungakwazi ukubeka ngokushesha inkulumo elandelayo:
{0:0,8:0,95}Kumele kube ncamashi emakhondeni e-curly, njengefomula yamalungu. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi lezi zinombolo (0; 0,8; 0,95) ichaza imingcele yokwabelana okuhlangene phakathi kwamaqembu.
Inkambu "Uhlobo Lokumaka" hhayi okugunyazayo futhi kulokhu ngeke siwugcwalise.
Ensimini "Inani elifunwa" setha isikhangiso. Khona-ke, ngokusebenzisa isithombe esichazwe ngenhla ngesimo soxantathu, siya kwenye Umsebenzi weWebhu.
- Lesi sikhathi ku Umsebenzi wizard hamba kusigaba "Isibalo". Khetha igama "SUMMESLI" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza iqala. Amanani. Opharetha ocacisiwe ufingqa amaseli ahlangabezana nesimo esibekiwe. I-syntax yayo iwukuthi:
= ISUMMES (ibanga; umgqa; ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba)Ensimini "Range" faka ikheli lekholomu "Imali engenayo". Ngale njongo, sibeka isikhombisi ensimini, bese-ke, uma ucindezela inkinobho yesinxele segundane, khetha wonke amaseli ekholomu elihambelanayo, ngaphandle kokubaluleka "Ingqikithi". Njengoba ubona, ikheli liboniswa masinyane ensimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga ukwenza lesi sixhumanisi siphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha ukukhetha kwayo bese ucindezela ukhiye F4. Ikheli ligqanyiswe ngezibonakaliso ze dollar.
Ensimini "Criterion" sidinga ukusetha isimo. Faka inkulumo elandelayo:
">"&Khona-ke masinyane ngemva kwalokho sifaka ikheli leseli lokuqala lekholomu. "Imali engenayo". Senza izixhumanisi ezizungezile kuleli kheli ngokuphelele, engeza uphawu lwama dollar kusuka kwikhibhodi phambi kwencwadi. Izixhumanisi eziqondile zihlobene, okungukuthi, akufanele kube khona uphawu phambi kwenombolo.
Emva kwalokho, ungacindezeli inkinobho "Kulungile", bese uchofoza igama lomsebenzi MATCH kubha yefomula.
- Bese sibuyela ewindini lempikiswano yokusebenza. MATCH. Njengoba ungabona, ensimini "Inani elifunwa" idatha ibonakale inikezwe opharetha Amanani. Kodwa akusikho konke. Yiya kule nsimu bese ufaka uphawu kumininingwane ekhona. "+" ngaphandle izingcaphuno. Bese sifaka ikheli leseli lokuqala lekholomu. "Imali engenayo". Futhi futhi senza izixhumanisi ezingezansi zalesi sixhumanisi ngokuphelele, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo sishiya isihlobo.
Okulandelayo, thatha konke okuqukethwe kwensimu "Inani elifunwa" kubakaki, wabeka uphawu lwesigaba ("/"). Ngemuva kwalokho, godu ngokusebenzisa isithonjana sezinxantathu, iya efasiteleni lokukhetha umsebenzi.
- Njengokugcina ekusebenzeni Umsebenzi wizard ngifuna opharetha oyifunayo kusigaba "Isibalo". Lesi sikhathi, umsebenzi oyifunayo ubizwa "SUMM". Khetha bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lempikiswano ye-Operator ivuleka SUM. Inhloso yalo enkulu ukufingqwa kwedatha kumaseli. I-syntax yalesi sitatimende ilula:
= ISUM (Inombolo1; Inombolo2; ...)Ngezinhloso zethu sidinga kuphela insimu. "Number1". Faka izixhumanisi zohla lwekholomu "Imali engenayo", ngaphandle kweseli equkethe amanani. Sesivele senze umsebenzi ofanayo ensimini. "Range" imisebenzi Amanani. Njengalowo sikhathi, senza izixhumanisi eziphelele zobubanzi ngokuzikhetha, nangokucindezela ukhiye F4.
Ngemuva kwalokho uchofoze ukhiye "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
- Njengoba ubona, ukubunzima kwemisebenzi efakiwe kuveza ukubala futhi kwanikeza umphumela esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Iqembu". Into yokuqala ibelwe iqembu. "A". Ifomula ephelele esetshenziselwe lokhu kubalwa kanje:
= Khetha (FUNDA ((IMISEBENZI ($ B $ 2: $ B $ 27; ">" & $ B2) + $ B2) / SUM ($ B $ 2: $ B $ 27); {0: 0.8: 0.95} ); "A"; "B"; "C")Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke izimo, izixhumanisi kule fomula zizohluka. Ngakho-ke, akukwazi ukucatshangwa yonke indawo. Kodwa, usebenzisa ibhukwana elinikezwe ngenhla, ungafaka izixhumanisi zetafula futhi usebenzise ngempumelelo le ndlela kunoma yisiphi isimo.
- Nokho, lokhu akusikho konke. Sibalwa kuphela ngomugqa wokuqala wetafula. Ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele ikholomu yedatha "Iqembu", udinga ukukopisha leli fomula ebangeni elingezansi (ngaphandle kweloli lensimu "Ingqikithi") usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, njengoba senze okungaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngemuva kwedatha efakiwe, ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.
Njengoba ubona, imiphumela etholakale ngokusebenzisa ukuhlukahluka nokusetshenziswa kwefomula eyinkimbinkimbi ayifani nhlobo emiphumeleni esenza ngokuhlunga. Yonke imikhiqizo inikezwa ngezigaba ezifanayo, kodwa imigqa ayizange ishintshe isikhundla sayo sokuqala.
Isifundo: I-Excel umsebenzi wizard
I-Excel ingenza lula ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kumsebenzisi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjengokuhlunga. Ngemuva kwalokho, isisindo somuntu ngamunye, isabelo esithengisiwe futhi, empeleni, ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu kubalwa. Ezimweni lapho ushintsho endaweni yokuqala yemigqa etafuleni akuvunyelwe, ungasebenzisa indlela usebenzisa ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi.
