Idivayisi ngayinye ekwazi ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi nezinye izinto zokusebenza inekheli layo langempela. Ihlukile futhi inamathele kudivayisi esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzisi angadinga ukwazi le datha ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ukufaka idivaysi kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi noma ukuyivimbela nge-router. Kunezibonelo eziningi eziningi, kodwa ngeke sizibalule; sifuna ukucabangela indlela yokuthola ikheli elifanayo le-MAC nge-IP.
Khetha ikheli le-MAC ledivayisi nge-IP
Yiqiniso, ukwenza leyo ndlela yokucinga, udinga ukwazi ikheli le-IP lemishini oyifunayo. Uma ungakwenzi kanjalo kakade, sineluleka ukuba uxhumane nezinye izihloko zethu ukuze uthole usizo ngezixhumanisi ezilandelayo. Kuzo uzothola imiyalelo yokunquma IP yephrinta, i-router nekhompiyutha.
Bheka futhi: Indlela yokuthola ikheli le-IP le-Alien computer / Printer / Router
Njengoba manje unolwazi oludingekayo esandleni, udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Windows olujwayelekile. "Lawula umugqa"ukucacisa ikheli lendawo yedivayisi. Sizosebenzisa iprotocol ebizwa i-ARP (Ikheli lokuxazulula ikheli). Ibukhali ngokuqondile ngencazelo ye-MAC eyihlane ngokusebenzisa ikheli lenethiwekhi, okungukuthi, i-IP. Kodwa-ke, wena kuqala udinga ukufaka i-network.
Isinyathelo 1: Hlola ubuqiniso bokuxhumana
I-Pinging ibizwa ngokuthi ihlola ukuthembeka koxhumano lwenethiwekhi. Udinga ukuqhuba lokhu kuhlaziywa ngekheli elithile lenethiwekhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lisebenza kahle.
- Run the utility Qalisa ngokucindezela ukhiye oshisayo Win + R. Ngena emkhakheni
cmdbese uchofoza "Kulungile" noma cindezela ukhiye Ngena. Ngezinye izindlela zokuqalisa "Lawula umugqa" funda indaba yethu ehlukile ngezansi. - Linda ukuthi i-console iqale futhi uthayiphe kuyo.
ping 192.168.1.2kuphi 192.168.1.2 - ikheli lenethiwekhi elidingekayo. Awukopishi inani elinikezwe thina, lenza njengesibonelo. I-IP udinga ukufaka idivayisi lapho i-MAC inqunywa khona. Ngemva kokufaka umyalo chofoza Ngena. - Linda ukushintshaniswa kwepakethe ukugcwalisa, emva kwalokho uzothola yonke idatha edingekayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kuthathwa ukuthi kuphumelele lapho wonke amathumeji ethunyelwe, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwakuncane (cishe 0%). Ngakho-ke, ungaqhubeka nencazelo ye-MAC.
Bheka futhi: Indlela yokusebenzisa i- "Command Line" ku-Windows
Isinyathelo 2: Ukusebenzisa i-ARP protocol
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, namhlanje sizosebenzisa i-ARP protocol ngezinye zezimpikiswano zayo. Ukuqaliswa kwalo kuqhutshwa futhi "Landela umugqa":
- Qalisa kabusha i-console uma uyivalile, bese ufaka umyalo
i-arp-abese uchofoza Ngena. - Emaminithini ambalwa nje uzobona uhlu lwawo wonke amakheli we-IP wenethiwekhi yakho. Thola okulungile phakathi kwabo futhi uthole ukuthi iyiphi ikheli le-IP elinikezwe lona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi amakheli e-IP ahlukaniswe abe aqinile futhi aqinile. Ngakho-ke, uma idivayisi ehlosiwe inekheli eliguqukayo, kungcono ukuqhuba i-protocol ye-ARP kungakapheli imizuzu engu-15 ngemva kokuphenya, ngaphandle kwalokho ikheli lingashintsha.
Uma ungazange uphathe ukuthola i-IP edingekayo, zama ukuxhuma kabusha imishini bese wenza konke okusebenzayo kuqala. Ukungabi khona kwedivayisi kuhlu lwe-ARP protocol kusho kuphela ukuthi okwamanje akusebenzi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho.
Ungathola ikheli lendawo yedivayisi ngokulalela amalebula noma imiyalelo ehlanganisiwe. Umsebenzi onjalo kuphela owenzekayo uma kukhona ukufinyelela kumishini ngokwayo. Kwesinye isimo, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba ukucacisa nge-IP.
Bheka futhi:
Indlela yokuthola ikheli le-IP lekhompyutha yakho
Indlela yokubuka ikheli le-MAC lekhompyutha
