Lesi sihloko sizoqukatha umhlahlandlela ongathuthukisa i-Debian 8 OS ku-version 9. Kuzohlukaniswa ngamaphuzu amaningana, okumele kwenziwe njalo. Futhi, ukuze kube lula, uzokwethula ngemiyalo eyisisekelo yokwenza zonke izenzo ezichazwe. Qaphela.
I-Debian OS Update Instructions
Uma kuziwa ekubuyekezeni uhlelo, ukunakekelwa akusoze kube okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ngenxa yokuthi phakathi nalokhu kusebenza amafayela amaningi abalulekile angasuswa ku-disk, kubalulekile ukunikeza i-akhawunti yezenzo zabo. Okungcono kakhulu, umsebenzisi ongenalwazi ongaqiniseki amandla akhe kufanele ahlole zonke izinzuzo nezindleko, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo echazwe ngezansi.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuqapha
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kufanele uqaphe lapho uxhasa wonke amafayela abalulekile kanye nolwazi olusekelwe, uma usebenzisa lawo, njengokungathi uhlulekile awukwazi ukuwabuyisela.
Isizathu salokhu kuqapha ukuthi uhlelo lwe database oluhluke ngokuphelele lusetshenziswa kuDebian9. I-MySQL, efakiwe ku-Debian 8, ngeshwa, ayihambisani nedatha ye-MariaDB ku-Debian 9, ngakho-ke uma isibuyekezo singaphumeleli, wonke amafayela azolahleka.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-OS okwamanje oyisebenzisayo. Isayithi lethu linemiyalelo eningiliziwe.
Funda kabanzi: Ungayithola kanjani indlela yokusabalalisa kwe-Linux
Isinyathelo 2: Ukulungiselela ukuthuthukiswa
Ukuze yonke into iphumelele, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi unezibuyekezo zakamuva zesistimu yakho yokusebenza. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa le miyalo emithathu ngokulandelayo:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Uma kwenzeke ukuthi isofthiwe yesithathu yangaphandle ikhompyutha yakho, engakafakiwe kunoma yimiphi amaphakheji noma ifakiwe ohlelweni oluvela kwezinye izinsiza, lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okwenza inqubo yokubuyekezwa ngaphandle kwephutha. Zonke lezi zicelo kukhompyutha zingalandelwa ngalomyalo:
ukufuna ukufaneleka '~ o'
Kufanele ususe konke, bese usebenzisa umyalo ngezansi, hlola ukuthi zonke amaphakheji afakiwe ngendlela efanele futhi uma kunezinkinga ohlelweni:
dpkg -c
Uma ngemuva kokukhipha umyalo ku "Isikhumbuzo" akukho okuboniswayo, azikho amaphutha aqakathekile kumaphakheji afakiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kunezinkinga ohlelweni, kufanele zilungiswe, bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha usebenzisa umyalo:
qala kabusha
Isinyathelo 3: Ukusetha
Leli bhukwana lizochaza kuphela ukuguqulwa kabusha kwesistimu, okusho ukuthi kufanele ubeke esikhundleni sakho wonke amaphakethe wedatha atholakalayo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuvula ifayela elilandelayo:
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
Qaphela: kulokhu, i-vi izosetshenziselwa ukuvula ifayela, okuyinto umhleli wombhalo efakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izimpahla ze-Linux. Ayinayo isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, ngakho-ke kuyoba nzima kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ukuhlela ifayela. Ungasebenzisa omunye umhleli, isibonelo, Hlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni somyalo "vi" nge "gedit".
Kufayela evula, udinga ukushintsha wonke amagama. "Jessie" (codename OS Debian8) ku "Yelulela" (codename Debian9). Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kubonakale kanje:
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb //httpredir.debian.org/debian welula umthamo omkhulu
deb //security.debian.org/ welula / izibuyekezo eziyinhloko
Qaphela: inqubo yokuhlela ingahle ibe lula ngokusebenzisa isisetshenziswa se-SED esingenasithunzi futhi senze umyalo ngezansi.
is-s / s / jessie / stretch / g '/etc/apt/sources.list
Ngemuva kokuthi konke okusetshenzisiwe kwenziwe, qalisa ngesibindi isibuyekezo samakhompiyutha ngokusebenza "Isikhumbuzo" umyalo:
ukubuyekeza okulungile
Isibonelo:
Isinyathelo 4: Ukufaka
Ukufaka ngempumelelo i-OS entsha, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesikhala esanele ku-hard drive yakho. Qalisa lo myalo ekuqaleni:
i-apt -o APT :: Thola :: Ukunciphisa-Okuwukuphela = ukuqiniswa okuqinisiwe kokuqiniswa
Isibonelo:
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlola ifolda yezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umyalo:
df -H
Ithiphu: ukukhomba masinyane isiqondisi somsuka ohlelweni olufakiwe ohlwini oluvela, qaphela ikholomu "Kufakwe ku" (1). Kulo, thola izintambo ezisayinwe “/” (2) - yilo impande yesistimu. Ihlala nje ukuhumusha shazi kancane kwesokunxele eceleni komugqa oya kukholomu "Dost" (3)lapho isikhala esisele samahhala esivele sikhombisa khona.
Futhi ngemuva kokuphela kwalokhu kulungiselelwa, ungaqalisa ukubuyekezwa kwamafayela wonke. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ngokulandelayo:
ukuthuthukisa okuthuthukile
ukuhlehlisa okulula
Ngemuva kokulinda isikhathi eside, inqubo izophela futhi ungakwazi kabusha kabusha uhlelo ngokuphepha komyalo owaziwayo:
qala kabusha
Isinyathelo 5: Hlola
Manje isistimu yakho yokusebenza ye-Debian iye yabuyekezwa ngempumelelo kunguqulo entsha, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kufanelekile ukuhlola izinto ezimbalwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi:
- Inguqulo ye-Kernel ngomyalo:
uname-mrsIsibonelo:
- Inguqulo yokusatshalaliswa ngomyalo:
lsb_ngicela -aIsibonelo:
- Ukutholakala kwamaphakheji angasebenzi asebenza ngomyalo:
ukufuna ukufaneleka '~ o'
Uma i-kernel ne-distribution version ihambisana ne-Debian 9 OS, futhi akukho amaphakheji angasetshenziswanga, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwesistimu kuphumelele.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukisa i-Debian 8 kuya kwenguqulo 9 kuyisinqumo esibi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo ngokuphumelelayo kuxhomeke kuphela ekusebenziseni yonke imiyalelo engenhla. Okokugcina, ngingathanda ukunaka ukuthi inqubo yokuvuselela ikhona isikhathi eside, ngoba inombolo enkulu yamafayela izolandwa kusuka kwinethiwekhi, kodwa le nqubo ayikwazi ukuphazanyiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubuyiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza ngeke kwenzeke.
