Yiziphi amagciwane wekhompiyutha, izinhlobo zazo

Cishe wonke umnikazi wekhompuyutha, uma engakajwayele ama-virusi, uyaqiniseka ukuthi uzwa ngezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindaba ngabo. Iningi lawo, eqinisweni, liyaphuthukiswa ngabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-novice.

Ngakho iyini igciwane elinjalo?

I-Virus - Lena uhlelo lokuzihlakulela. Amagciwane amaningi ngokuvamile akenzi lutho olulimaza nge-PC yakho, amanye amagciwane, isibonelo, enza inkohliso encane engcolile: ubonise isithombe esithile esikrinini, uqalise izinsizakalo ezingadingekile, amakhasi ewebhu avulekile kubantu abadala, njalo njalo ... Kodwa kukhona nalabo abakho ikhompyutha ngaphandle kokuhleleka, ukufometha i-disk, noma ukususa i-bio yama-motherboard.

Okokuqala, kufanele ukuthi uqalane nezinkolelo ezithandwayo kakhulu ngamagciwane ahamba azungeze inetha.

1. Unqulo wesi arab - ukuvikelwa kuwo wonke amagciwane

Ngeshwa, akunjalo. Ngisho ne-anti-virus enobuciko enesisekelo sangamuva - awuvikelekile ekuhlaselweni kwegciwane. Kodwa-ke, uzobe uvikelekile kakhulu kumagciwane awaziwayo, ulwazi olusha olungaziwa lwama-anti-virus luzoba usongo.

2. Ama-virusi asakazwa nanoma yimaphi amafayela.

Akunjalo. Isibonelo, ngomculo, ividiyo, izithombe - ama-virus awasakazeki. Kodwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi igciwane liguqulwe njengalawa mafayela, ukuphoqelela umsebenzisi ongenalwazi ukwenza iphutha futhi asebenze uhlelo olubi.

3. Uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza - ama-PC angaphansi kokusongela okukhulu.

Lokhu akunjalo. Amagciwane amaningi akwenzi lutho. Kwanele kubo ukuthi bavele balele izinhlelo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukunaka lokhu: okungenani, hlola yonke ikhompyutha nge-unqulo wesi arab ngesisekelo sangamuva. Uma unesinye, kungani kungenakwenzeka okwesibili?

4. Ungasebenzisi imeyili - isiqinisekiso sokuphepha

Ngesaba ukuthi ngeke kusize. Kwenzeka ukuthi uthola izincwadi ezivela kumakheli angajwayelekile ngeposi. Kungcono ukumane ungawavuli, ngokushesha ususe futhi uhlanza ibhasikidi. Ngokuvamile igciwane liya encwadini njenge-attachment, ngokusebenza okuyiyo, i-PC yakho ezokwenzakala. Kulula kakhulu ukuvikela: ungavuli izincwadi ezivela kubantu abangaziwa ... Kubuye kusize ukulungisa izihlungi zokulwa nogaxekile.

5. Uma ukopishe ifayela elinesifo, usulelekile.

Ngokuvamile, uma nje ungagijimi ifayela eliphathekayo, igciwane, njengefayili ejwayelekile, lizobe lilele phansi kwi-disk yakho futhi ngeke lenze lutho olubi kuwe.

Izinhlobo zamagciwane wekhompyutha

Ama-virus wokuqala (umlando)

Le ndaba yaqala cishe eminyakeni engama-60-70 kwamanye ama laboratories ase-US. Ekhompyutheni, ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile, kwakukhona nalabo abasebenza kwabo, abangalawulwa yinoma ubani. Futhi konke kuzoba kuhle uma bengakhulumi kakhulu amakhompyutha kanye nezinsiza zokuchitha imfucuza.

Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yishumi, ngama-80s, kwase kunamakhulu ezinhlelo ezinjalo. Ngo-1984, igama elithi "i-computer virus" ngokwayo lavela.

Ama-virus anjalo ngokuvamile awafihli ubuso babo kumsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukuthi angasebenzi, abonise noma yimiphi imilayezo.

Ubuchopho

Ngo-1985, okokuqala okuyingozi (futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kusakazwa ngokushesha) i-computer virus Brain yabonakala. Nakuba, kubhaliwe ngezinhloso ezinhle - ukujezisa abaqaphi abakopisha ngokungekho emthethweni izinhlelo. Igciwane lisebenza kuphela kumakhophi angekho emthethweni software.

Iindlalifa ze-Brain virus zahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-12 bese imfuyo yabo yaqala ukuhlaselwa. Benza ngokungazenzisi: bamane babhala imizimba yabo efayeleni yohlelo, ngaleyo ndlela banda ngesayizi. I-antivirus ngokushesha yafunda ukunquma ubukhulu futhi ithole amafayela anegciwane.

Ama-virus we-Software

Ukulandela ama-virus ahlanganiswe nomzimba wohlelo, izinhlobo ezintsha zaqala ukuvela - njengenhlelo ehlukile. Kodwa, ubunzima obuyinhloko yindlela yokwenza umsebenzisi asebenzise uhlelo olunonya kangaka? Kuyinto elula kakhulu! Kwanele ukuthi uyibize uhlobo oluthile lwe-scrapbook yalolu hlelo bese ulubeka kwinethiwekhi. Abantu abaningi bamane balayishe, futhi naphezu kwazo zonke izixwayiso ze-antivirus (uma kukhona), bazoqhubeka ...

Ngo-1998-1999, umhlaba wagubha kusukela egazini eliyingozi kakhulu - i-Win95.CIH. Wakhubaza i-bios ye-motherboard. Izinkulungwane zama-computer emhlabeni wonke zikhutshaziwe.

Igciwane lisakazwa ngokunamathiselwe ezincwadini.

Ngo-2003, igciwane leSoBig lakwazi ukuthelela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhompyutha, ngenxa yokuthi yazihlanganisa nezinhlamvu ezithunyelwe umsebenzisi.

Ukulwa okuyinhloko namagciwane anjalo: ukubuyekezwa okuvamile kwe-Windows, ukufakwa kwe-antivirus. Vele uvumele ukuqhuba noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathandeki.

Ama-Macroviruses

Abasebenzisi abaningi, mhlawumbe, abakholelwa ngisho ukuthi ngaphezu kwamafayela aphethwe ama-exe noma ama-com, amafayela ajwayelekile avela ku-Microsoft Word noma i-Excel angathwala ingozi yangempela. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kungokuthi ulimi lohlelo lwe-VBA lwakhiwe kulabahleli ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze ukwazi ukungeza ama-macros njengokungezelela kumadokhumenti. Ngakho-ke, uma ususe esikhundleni sakho nge-macro yakho siqu, igciwane lingase livele ...

Namuhla, cishe zonke izinhlelo ze-office, ngaphambi kokuqala idokhumenti evela kumthombo ongaziwa, ngokuqinisekile kuzokubuza futhi ukuthi ufuna ukuvula ama-macros kule dokhumenti, futhi uma uchofoza inkinobho "cha", akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka uma ngabe idokhumenti inesifo. Ukuphazamiseka ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi ngokwabo bachofoza inkinobho ethi "yebo" ...

Enye yama-macro evelele kakhulu angabhekwa njenge-Mellis, okuphakeme kwe-1999. Leli gciwane laluthola imibhalo futhi ithumela i-imeyili enesifo esithintekayo kubangani bakho nge-Outlook mail. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifushane, amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke asetheleleke nabo!

Ama-Scripting amagciwane

Ama-macroviruses, njengezinhlobo ezithile, ayingxenye yeqembu lama-virus scripting. Iphuzu lapha ukuthi akuyona nje iMicrosoft Office esebenzisa izikripthi emikhiqizweni yayo, kodwa futhi namanye amaphakheji we-software ayenayo. Isibonelo, Media Player, Internet Explorer.

Iningi lalezi amagciwane zisakazwa ngezinamathiselwe kuma-imeyili. Ngokuvamile okunamathiselwe kuncike njengesithombe esisha esisha noma ukubunjwa komculo. Kunoma yikuphi, ungagijimi futhi ungcono ngisho nokuvula okunamathiselwe kusuka kumakheli angaziwa.

Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi badidekile ngokwandiswa kwamafayela ... Ngemva kwakho konke, sekuyisikhathi eside saziwa ukuthi izithombe ziphephile, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuvula isithombe osithumele ... Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Explorer ayibonisi izandiso zefayela. Futhi uma ubona igama lesithombe, njenge "interesnoe.jpg" - lokhu akusho ukuthi ifayela linesandiso esinjalo.

Ukuze ubone izandiso, vumela inketho elandelayo.

Ake sibonise isibonelo se-Windows 7. Uma uya kunoma iyiphi ifolda bese uchofoza okuthi "Hlela / Ifolda nezinketho zokusesha" ungathola kwimenyu "yokubuka". Lapha lokho kuyigugu lethu eliyigugu.

Susa uphawu lokuhlola kusuka kwikhotho "fihla izandiso zezinhlobo zefayela ezibhalisiwe", futhi unike amandla "bonisa amafayela afihliwe namafolda".

Manje, uma ubheka isithombe esithunyelwe kuwe, kungase kuvele ukuthi "interesnoe.jpg" ngokuzumayo yaba "interesnoe.jpg.vbs". Yilokho iqhinga lonke. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-novice abangaphezu kwesisodwa bahlangabezane nale mgibe, futhi bayothola ngaphezulu ...

Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko kuma-virus we-scripting yisibuyekezo esifike ngesikhathi se-OS ne-antivirus. Futhi, ukwenqaba ukubuka ama-imeyili asolisayo, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe amafayela angenakuqondakala ... Ngendlela, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukusekela njalo idatha ebalulekile. Khona-ke uzoba ngu-99.99% ovikelwe kunoma yiziphi izinsongo.

Izinhlelo zeThrojani

Nakuba lezi zinhlobo zazibhekiswe kumagciwane, akuyona ngqo. Ukungena kwabo ku-PC yakho kunezindlela eziningi ezifana namagciwane, kodwa banemisebenzi ehlukile. Uma igciwane linomsebenzi wokuthelela amakhompiyutha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wenze isenzo sokususa, amafasitela avulekile, njll, uhlelo lweThrojani ngokuvamile lunomgomo owodwa - ukukopisha amaphasiwedi akho kusuka kumasevisi ahlukahlukene, ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi i-trojan ingakwazi ukuphathwa nge-inethiwekhi, futhi kuma-host host, ingaqala kabusha i-PC yakho ngokushesha, noma, nakakhulu, susa amanye amafayela.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula esinye isici. Uma ama-virus ngokuvamile ehlasela amanye amafayela aphethwe, ama-Trojans akwenzi lokhu; uhlelo oluzimele, oluhlukile olusebenza ngokwalo. Kuvame ukuguqulwa njengendlela ethile yenqubo yesistimu, ngakho kunzima kumsebenzisi we-novice ukukubamba.

Ukuze ugweme ukuba yisisulu seTrojans, okokuqala, ungalanda noma yikuphi amafayela, njengokuqapha i-intanethi, ukushaya ezinye izinhlelo, njll. Okwesibili, ngaphezu kwe-anti-virus, udinga uhlelo olukhethekile, isibonelo: I-Cleaner, i-Trojan Remover, i-AntiViral Toolkit Pro, njll. Okwesithathu, ukufaka i-firewall (uhlelo olulawula ukufinyeleleka kwe-intanethi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza) lapho zonke izinsolo ezisolisayo nezingaziwa zizovinjelwa wena. Uma iThrojani ingatholi ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi - phansi kwecala selivele selenziwe, okungenani amaphasiwedi wakho ngeke ahambe ...

Ukufingqa, ngingathanda ukusho ukuthi zonke izinyathelo ezithathwe kanye nezincomo ngeke zibe usizo uma umsebenzisi efuna ukwazi ukuvula amafayela, ukhubaza izinhlelo ze-antivirus, njll. Ukuphazamiseka ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kwenzeka kumacala angu-90% ngenxa yomnikazi we-PC. Kulungile, ukuze ungabi yisisulu kulawo ma-10%, kwanele ukwenza isipele amafayela ngezinye izikhathi. Khona-ke ungaqiniseka cishe cishe ukuthi konke kuzobe kulungile!