Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwakha iphasiwedi ephephile, yiziphi izimiso okufanele zilandelwe uma uzidala, ukuthi ungagcina kanjani amaphasiwedi futhi unciphise ithuba labafaki ukuthola imininingwane yakho nama-akhawunti.
Lezi zinto ziqhubeka nokuthi "Iphasiwedi yakho ingahlushwa kanjani" futhi isho ukuthi uyazi kahle indaba evezwe lapha, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, uyazi zonke izindlela eziyisisekelo lapho amaphasiwedi angahle akhohliswe khona.
Dala amaphasiwedi
Namuhla, uma ubhalisa i-akhawunti ye-intanethi, udala iphasiwedi, uvame ukubona isibonakaliso samandla wephasiwedi. Cishe yonke indawo isebenza ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwezici ezimbili ezilandelayo: ubude bephasiwedi; ukuba khona kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile, izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezinombolo kuphasiwedi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi yimingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yokumelana nephasiwedi ukukhwabanisa ngamandla amakhulu, iphasiwedi ebonakala iqine akuyona into njalo. Isibonelo, iphasiwedi efana ne "Pa $$ w0rd" (futhi lapha kukhona izinhlamvu ezikhethekile nezinombolo) kungenzeka ukuthi ihlehliswe ngokushesha kakhulu - ngenxa yokuthi (njengoba kuchaziwe kusihlokweni esandulele) abantu abavami ukudala amaphasiwedi ayingqayizivele (amaphasiwedi angaphansi kuka-50% ayingqayizivele) futhi leli khetho cishe likhona kakade kuma-database axhumene nabangenayo.
Ungaba kanjani? Okukhethwa kukho konke ukusebenzisa ama-generator wephasiwedi (atholakalayo ku-intanethi ngesimo sezinsiza ezixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, kanye nakwabanye abaphathi bephasiwedi yekhompiyutha), ekwakheni amaphasiwedi angakapheli asebenzisa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ezimweni eziningi, iphasiwedi yezinhlamvu ezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu ngeke ibe nesithakazelo kumuntu oqhamukayo (okungukuthi, isofthiwe yakhe ngeke ilungiselelwe ukukhetha okunjalo) ngenxa yokuthi izindleko zesikhathi azikhokhi. Muva nje, i-generator ye-password eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ivele kusiphequluli se-Google Chrome.
Kule ndlela, ukushiya okuyinhloko ukuthi amaphasiwedi anzima kunzima ukuwakhumbula. Uma kunesidingo sokugcina iphasiwedi ekhanda lakho, kunenye indlela, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi iphasiwedi yezinhlamvu ezingu-10, equkethe izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile, ifakwe amandla ezinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu (izinombolo ezithile zixhomeke kwisethi evunyelwe), kunephasiwedi yezinhlamvu ezingu-20, eziqukethe izinhlamvu zesiLatini kuphela (ngisho noma umhlaseli eyazi ngalokhu).
Ngakho-ke, iphasiwedi enamagama angu-3-5 alula angabonakali angamaNgisi ayoba lula ukukhumbula futhi akunakwenzeka ukuphahlazeka. Futhi sesibhale phansi igama ngalinye ngencwadi enkulu, sikhulisa inani lokuzikhethela e-degree yesibili. Uma lawa magama angu-3-5 aseRussia (futhi, okungahleliwe, kodwa hhayi amagama nezinsuku) ebhalwe phansi kwe-English, kungenzeka ukuthi izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenzisa izichazamazwi zokukhetha iphasiwedi nazo zisusiwe.
Kukhona neze indlela efanele yokudala amaphasiwedi: kunezinzuzo nezinkinga ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (ezihlobene nokwazi ukuyikhumbula, ukwethenjelwa neminye imingcele), kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zimi kanje:
- Iphasiwedi kumele ibe nenani elibalulekile labalingiswa. Umkhawulo ovame kakhulu namuhla izinhlamvu ezingu-8. Futhi lokhu akwanele uma udinga iphasiwedi ephephile.
- Uma kunokwenzeka, faka izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, izinhlamvu eziphezulu nezincane, izinombolo kuphasiwedi.
- Ungalokothi ufake idatha yomuntu siqu kuphasiwedi yakho, noma ngabe ibhalwe ngezindlela ezibonakala zihlakaniphile. Azikho izinsuku, amagama okuqala nama-surname. Isibonelo, ukwephula iphasiwedi emele nanoma yiluphi usuku lwekhalenda le-Julian lanamuhla kusukela ngonyaka ka-0-th kuze kube namuhla (njengo-07/18/2015 noma 18072015, njll) kuzothatha kusukela kumasekhondi kuya kumahora (futhi iwashi litholakala kuphela ngenxa yokulibaziseka phakathi kwemizamo yamanye amacala).
Ungabheka ukuthi iphasiwedi yakho iqinile kangakanani kusayithi (nakuba ungena amaphasiwedi kwezinye izingosi, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwe-https, akuyona umkhuba ophephile kakhulu) //rumkin.com/tools/password/passchk.php. Uma ungafuni ukuhlola iphasiwedi yakho yangempela, faka okufanayo (kusuka kwinombolo efanayo yabalingiswa kanye nesethi efanayo yabalingiswa) ukuze uthole umbono wokuthembeka kwayo.
Ngesikhathi sokufaka izinhlamvu, isevisi sinquma i-entropy (ngokwemvelo, inombolo yezinketho, i-entropy yi-10 bits, inombolo yezinketho ngu-2 kumandla weshumi) kwephasiwedi enikeziwe futhi inikeza ulwazi ngokuthembeka kwamanani ahlukahlukene. Amaphasiwedi ane-entropy angaphezu kuka-60 akwenzeki ukuphahlazeka ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhethwa okuhlosiwe.
Ungasebenzisi amaphasiwedi afanayo kuma-akhawunti ahlukene.
Uma unephasiwedi enkulu eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa uyayisebenzisa lapho kunokwenzeka khona, iphenduka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Ngokushesha lapho abaduni behluleka ukungena kunoma yiziphi izindawo lapho usebenzisa khona iphasiwedi futhi uthola ukufinyelela kuyo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uzohlolwa ngokushesha (ngokuzenzekelayo, usebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile) kuwo wonke amanye ama-imeyili athandwayo, imidlalo, izinsizakalo zenhlalo, mhlawumbe ngisho amabhange ase-intanethi (Izindlela zokubona ukuthi iphasiwedi yakho isivele ivuliwe ibhalwe ekupheleni kwendaba esandulele).
Iphasiwedi eyingqayizivele ye-akhawunti ngayinye inzima, akusizi, kodwa kuyadingeka uma lezi akhawunti zingabalulekile kuwe. Noma, ngenxa yokubhaliswa okunye okungenanzuzo kuwe (okungukuthi, usukulungele ukulahlekelwa nguwo futhi ngeke ukhathazeke) futhi ungenalo ulwazi lomuntu siqu, ungahle uzikhandle ngamaphasiwedi ahlukile.
Ubuqiniso bokubili
Ngisho amaphasiwedi aqinile awaqinisekisi ukuthi akekho ongangena i-akhawunti yakho. Ungabamba iphasiwedi ngandlela-thile (ukuphinga, isibonelo, njengokukhetha okuvamile) noma ukuthole kuwe.
Cishe zonke izinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi ku-intanethi zihlanganisa i-Google, i-Yandex, i-Mail.ru, i-Facebook, i-Vkontakte, i-Microsoft, i-Dropbox, i-LastPass, i-Steam kanye nabanye abasanda kufaka amandla okunika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (noma ezimbili-step) kuma-akhawunti abo. Futhi, uma ukuphepha kubalulekile kuwe, ngiyincoma kakhulu ukufakwa kwayo.
Ukuqaliswa kokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kuhlukile kakhulu kumasevisi ahlukene, kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sinjengalokhu:
- Uma ufaka i-akhawunti kusuka kudivayisi engaziwa, ngemuva kokufaka iphasiwedi elungile, ucelwa ukuba uhlolwe ngokwengeziwe.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwenzeka ngokusiza kwekhodi ye-SMS, isicelo esikhethekile ku-smartphone, ngokusebenzisa amakhodi aphrintiwe ngaphambilini, umyalezo we-imeyili, ukhiye wehadiwe (okukhethwa kukho kokugcina kuvele ku-Google, le nkampani ngokuvamile iyona engcono kakhulu ngokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili).
Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma umhlaseli efunde iphasiwedi yakho, ngeke akwazi ukungena ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho ngaphandle kokufinyelela kumadivayisi wakho, ucingo noma i-imeyili.
Uma ungaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kusebenza kanjani, ngincoma ukufunda ama-athikili ku-intanethi enikezelwe kule sihloko noma izincazelo kanye nemihlahlandlela yesenzo kumasayithi lapho kuqaliswa khona (Angikwazi ukufaka imiyalelo eningiliziwe kulesi sihloko).
Isitoreji sephasiwedi
Amaphasiwedi ahlukile ayingqayizivele yesayithi ngayinye - enhle, kodwa angayigcina kanjani? Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lawa maphasiwedi angagcinwa engqondweni. Ukugcina amaphasiwedi agcinwe kusiphequluli kuwumsebenzi onobungozi: abagcini nje kuphela abasengozini yokungena okungagunyaziwe, kodwa bangalahleka uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu futhi uma ukuvumelanisa kukhutshaziwe.
Isixazululo esihle kunazo zonke kubhekwa njengabaphathi bephasiwedi, ngokuvamile emele izinhlelo ezigcina idatha yakho eyimfihlakalo endaweni yokuphepha ephephile (kokubili ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi futhi ku-intanethi), okufinyeleleka usebenzisa iphasiwedi eyodwa (ungase futhi unike amandla ubuqiniso bokubili). Futhi, iningi lalezi zinhlelo zinezixhobo zokukhiqiza nokuhlola ukuthembeka kwamaphasiwedi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngibhale isihloko esihlukile mayelana nabaphathi bephasiwedi abahamba phambili (kubalulekile ukubhalwa kabusha, kodwa ungathola umbono walokho nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezidumile kusukela kulesi sihloko). Abanye bakhetha izixazululo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi, njenge-KeePass noma i-1Password, egcina zonke amaphasiwedi kudivayisi yakho, ezinye - izinsiza ezisebenzayo ezingaphezulu okumele zifane namakhono okuvumelanisa (LastPass, Dashlane).
Abaphathi bephasiwedi abaziwayo ngokuvamile babhekwa njengendlela ephephile futhi enokwethenjelwa yokuyigcina. Nokho, kufanelekile ukucabangela imininingwane ethile:
- Ukufinyelela wonke amaphasiwedi wakho udinga ukwazi iphasiwedi eyodwa kuphela.
- Uma kwenzeka ukukhwabanisa isitoreji se-intanethi (ngokoqobo ngenyanga eyedlule, insizakalo yokuphathwa kwephasiwedi ethandwa kakhulu, i-LastPass, yahlushwa), kuzodingeka ushintshe wonke amaphasiwedi wakho.
Ngabe ungalondoloza kanjani amanye amaphasiwedi wakho abalulekile? Nazi izinketho ezimbalwa:
- Ephepha ephephile, ukufinyelela kwakho kanye namalungu omndeni wakho okungeke ube nakho (akufanelekile amaphasiwedi ovame ukuwasebenzisa).
- Idatha yephasiwedi engaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi (isibonelo, i-KeePass) igcinwe kudivayisi yokugcina egcinwe futhi iphinda noma kuphi lapho kwenzeka ukulahleka.
Ngombono wami, inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yezinto ezichazwe ngenhla yindlela elandelayo: amaphasiwedi abaluleke kunazo zonke (i-E-mail eyinhloko, ongayithola ngayo amanye ama-akhawunti, ibhange, njll) agcinwa ekhanda futhi (noma) ephepheni endaweni ephephile. Okubalulekile futhi, ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusetshenziswe njalo kumele kubelwe abaphathi bephasiwedi.
Ulwazi olungeziwe
Ngiyethemba ukuthi inhlanganisela yezihloko ezimbili zamaphasiwedi kwabanye bakho basize ukugxila kwezinye izici zokuphepha ongazange ucabange ngazo. Yiqiniso, angizange ngizicabangele zonke izinketho, kepha ukuqonda okulula nokuqonda izimiso kuzongisiza ngokwami ukuthi nginqume ukuthi usebenza kanjani ngesikhathi esithile. Kwaphinda futhi, amanye okukhulunywa ngawo namaphuzu ambalwa engeziwe:
- Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi ahlukene kumasayithi ahlukene.
- Amaphasiwedi kufanele kube nzima, kunzima kakhulu ukwandisa ubunzima ngokukhulisa ubude bephasiwedi.
- Ungasebenzisi idatha yomuntu siqu (ongayithola) uma udala iphasiwedi ngokwayo, amacebo ayo, imibuzo yokuhlola yokuthola.
- Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili lapho kunokwenzeka khona.
- Thola indlela engcono yokugcina amaphasiwedi akho ephephile.
- Qaphela ukuphinga (hlola amakheli amasayithi, khona ukubethela) kanye ne-spyware. Noma ngabe kuphi lapho bebuzwa khona ukungena iphasiwedi, hlola ukuthi uyayifaka ngempela yini kwisayithi elungile. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho malware kukhompyutha.
- Uma kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisi amaphasiwedi akho kumakhompyutha omunye (uma kunesidingo, yenzeni kwimodi ye-incognito yesiphequluli, noma kangcono, sebenzisa ikhibhodi esikrinini), kumanethiwekhi omphakathi avulekile we-Wi-Fi, ikakhulukazi uma ungenayo ukubethela kwe-https uma uxhuma kwisayithi .
- Mhlawumbe akufanele ugcine amaphasiwedi abaluleke kakhulu, abaluleke ngempela kukhompyutha noma ku-intanethi.
Okunye okunjalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngikwazi ukuphakamisa izinga le-paranoia. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi okuningi okungenhla kubonakala kunzima, imicabango efana ne "kahle, iyongidlula" ingase iphakame, kodwa okuwukuphela kwesizathu sokuba nobuvila lapho kulandela imithetho elula yokuphepha yokugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo kungase kube ukungabi nokubaluleka kwakho nokuzilungiselela kwakho ukuthi iyoba impahla yabesithathu.
