Susa ukushayeka ku-xrapi.dll


Ama-Routers asuka enkampanini yaseLatvia iMikrotik ethatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwemikhiqizo yalolu hlobo. Kukhona umbono wokuthi le nqubo ihloselwe ochwepheshe futhi kuphela ochwepheshe angayilungisa futhi ayisebenzise ngendlela efanele. Futhi leli phuzu linombono. Kodwa njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, imikhiqizo ye-Mikrotik ithuthukiswa, futhi isofthiwe yayo iyafinyeleleka kakhulu kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ukuze aqonde. Futhi ukuthembeka okukhulu, ukukhathaniswa kwala madivayisi, kuhlangene nenani elingabizi, yenza imizamo yokutadisha izilungiselelo zalo ngokwanele kulokho okutholiwe.

I-routerOS - uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenzisa idivayisi ye-Mikrotik

Isici esivelele seMikrotik routers ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo kwenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-banal firmware kuphela, kodwa ngosizo lwenqubo yokusebenza ebizwa nge-RouterOS. Lena uhlelo lokusebenza olugcwele oludalwe kwi-platform ye-Linux. Yilokho okwethusa abasebenzisi abaningi baseMikrotik, abakholelwa ukuthi ukuyiqonda kahle into enzima kakhulu. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutholakala kweso simiso sokusebenza kunezinzuzo ezingenakuphika:

  • Wonke amadivayisi we-Mikrotik ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo, ngoba asebenzisa i-OS efanayo;
  • I-RouterOS ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele i-router kahle kakhulu futhi uyivumelanise ngangokunokwenzeka nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ungenza ngokwezifiso cishe yonke into ngesandla!
  • I-RouterOS ingafakwa ngokukhululekile kwi-PC futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphenduke ibe router egcwele-egcwele ngokugcwele uhla lwemisebenzi.

Amathuba ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mikrotik luhlinzeka kumsebenzisi lukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esichithwa esifundweni sazo ngeke sibe yize.

Ukuxhuma i-router nezindlela ezisemqoka zokuyihlela

Ukuxhuma i-Mikrotik routers kudivayisi lapho ukucushwa kuyokwenziwa khona kuyinto evamile. Ikhebula elivela kumhlinzeki kufanele lixhunywe esangweni lokuqala lomzila, futhi nganoma yiliphi elinye ichweba lixhuma kukhompuyutha noma kwikhompyutha. Ukusetha kungenziwa nge-Wi-Fi. Iphoyinti lokufinyelela livuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokuvula idivayisi futhi ivulekile ngokugcwele. Akusho ngaphandle kokuthi ikhompiyutha kumele ifakwe endaweni efanayo yekheli ne-router noma ibe nezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezitholakele ikheli le-IP namakheli we-DNS.

Uma wenze lezi zindlela ezilula, kudingeka wenze lokhu okulandelayo:

  1. Qalisa isiphequluli bese ufaka ibha yamakheli192.168.88.1
  2. Ewindini evulekayo, khetha ukuthi ungamisa kanjani umzila ngokuchofoza isithonjana esifuna negundane.

Isigaba sokugcina sidinga izincazelo eziningi. Njengoba ungabona kusuka ku-skrini, umzila we-Mikrotik ungalungiswa ngezindlela ezintathu:

  • I-Winbox - Umbuso okhethekile wokwenza amadivayisi we-Mikrotik. Ngaphambi kwesithonjana yisixhumanisi sokulanda. Le nsiza ingalandwa kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi;
  • I-Webfig - tincture we router kusiphequluli. Lesi sici sibonakala maduzane. Isixhumanisi sewebhu seWebfig sifana kakhulu ne-Winbox, kodwa abathuthukisi bathi izimfanelo zayo zibanzi;
  • I-Telnet - ukubeka ngomugqa womyalo. Le ndlela ifanele kubasebenzisi abaphambili futhi ngeke ixoxwe kabanzi ngemininingwane.

Njengamanje, abathuthukisi bagxila kwi-Webfig isikhombimsebenzisi esinikezwe umsebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngezihumusho zamuva ze-RouterOS, iwindi lokuqala lingabonakala kanje:

Futhi njengoba kungekho iphasiwedi kuzilungiselelo zefektri zokungena kwi-interface yolwazi ye-router, okokuqala uma uxhuma, umsebenzisi angathunyelwa ngokushesha kukhasi lezilungiselelo ze-Webfig. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe abaningi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ne-Winbox futhi bayibheke indlela elula kakhulu yokulungisa amadivayisi we-Mikrotik. Ngakho-ke, zonke izibonelo ezengeziwe zizosekelwa ku-interface yalesi sakhiwo.

Ukusetha imingcele eyisisekelo yomzila

Umzila we-Mikrotik unezilungiselelo eziningi, kodwa ukuze wenze imisebenzi yawo eyisisekelo, kwanele ukwazi izihloko. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukwanda kwamathebhu, izingxenye nemingcele. Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa umsebenzi wabo ungafundiswa kamuva. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungenza kanjani izilungiselelo zedivayisi eziyisisekelo. Okuningi ngalokhu kamuva.

Ukuxhuma ku-router usebenzisa i-Winbox

Ubunikazi be-Winbox, esetshenziselwa ukumisa amadivayisi we-Mikrotik, ifayela e-EXE eliphumelelayo. Akudingi ukufakwa futhi ilungele ukusebenza ngemuva kokulanda. Okokuqala, losizo lwaklanyelwe ukusebenza ku-Windows, kodwa umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi usebenza kahle ku-platform ye-Linux evela ngaphansi kwewayini.

Ngemuva kokuvula i-Winbox, iwindi layo lokuqala livula. Lapho kufanele ufake i-IP-ikheli le-router, ukungena ngemvume (okujwayelekile -umphathi) bese uchofoza "Xhuma".

Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuxhuma ngekheli le-IP, noma lingaziwa, akunandaba. I-Winbox inikeza umsebenzisi amandla okuxhuma ku-router nekheli le-MAC. Ngalokhu udinga:

  1. Ngaphansi kwefasitela iya kuthebhu "Omakhelwane".
  2. Lolu hlelo luzohlaziya ukuxhumeka futhi uthole ikheli le-MAC yedivayisi exhunyiwe ye-Mikrotik, ezoboniswa ngezansi.
  3. Emva kwalokho, kumele uqale uchofoze kuso ngegundane, bese-ke, njengokwesimo esidlule, chofoza "Xhuma".

Ukuxhumeka ku-router kuzokwenziwa futhi umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlela okuqondile.

Ukusetha okusheshayo

Ngemuva kokungena kuzilungiselelo ze-router ngosizo lwe-Winbox Umbuso, umsebenzisi uvula iwindi le-Mikrotik ejwayelekile yokucushwa. Uyamenywa ukuba awususe noma uwushiye ungashintshi. Uma udinga ukumisa router ngokushesha - udinga ukushiya ukumiswa kwefektri kungashintshi ngokuchofoza "Kulungile".

Ukuze uye kuzilungiselelo ezisheshayo, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbili ezilula:

  1. Kwikholomu langakwesokunxele lewindi leWindows Ubunikazi ukuya kuthebhu "Setha Ngokushesha".
  2. Kuhlu lokudonsa phansi efasiteleni evulekayo, khetha imodi yokusebenza yomzila. Esimweni sethu, okufanele kakhulu "I-Home AP" (I-Home Access Point).


Ifasitela le-Quick Set liqukethe zonke izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zomzila. Lonke ulwazi olukulo luhlelwe yizigaba kuzilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi, Inthanethi, inethiwekhi yendawo kanye ne-VPN. Cabanga ngabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Inethiwekhi engenantambo

Izilungiselelo ezingenantambo zikhona ngakwesokunxele sewindi le-Quick Set. Izilungiselelo ezitholakalayo lapho ukuhlela zifana nokuthi uma uhlela ezinye izinhlobo ze-routers.

Lapha umsebenzisi kudingeka:

  • Faka igama lenethiwekhi yakho;
  • Cacisa imvamisa yenethiwekhi noma khetha ukuzimisela okuzenzakalelayo;
  • Khetha imodi yokusakaza ye-module engenantambo;
  • Khetha izwe lakho (ngokuzikhethela);
  • Khetha uhlobo lokubethela futhi usethe iphasiwedi ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi engenantambo. Ngokujwayelekile ukhethe u-WPA2, kodwa kungcono ukuhlola zonke izinhlobo zamabhokisi okuhlola uma ngabe amadivaysi enethiwekhi ayisekeli.

Cishe zonke izilungiselelo zenziwa ngokukhetha ohlwini lokudonsa noma ibhokisi lokuhlola ibhokisi lokuhlola, ngakho-ke akukho sidingo sokusungula noma yini.

I-intanethi

Izilungiselelo ze-intanethi zikhona ngakwesokudla phezulu kwewindi le-Quick Set. Umsebenzisi unikezwa okungu-3 kokukhethwa kwabo, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenethiwekhi olusetshenziswa ngumhlinzeki:

  1. DHCP. Esikhathini ukumiswa kwefektri, ikhona ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke akukho lutho oludinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi udinga ukuhlola ikheli le-MAC uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa okubophezelayo.
  2. Ikheli le-ip elimisiwe. Lapha kufanele ufake imingcele etholakele kumhlinzeki ngesandla.
  3. I-PPPoE inhlanganisela. Lapha kuzodingeka futhi ufake ngesandla igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, futhi ufike negama loxhumano lwakho. Emva kwalokho kufanele uchofoze "Qala kabusha", futhi uma imingcele ihlelwe kahle, imingcele yoxhumano olusungulwe izoboniswa emasimini alandelayo.

Njengoba ubona, akukho lutho olulukhuni ekuguquleni imingcele yokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi kumzila we-Mikrotik.

Inethiwekhi yendawo

Ngokushesha ngezansi izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ku-Window ye-Quick Set ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Lapha ungashintsha ikheli le-IP lomzila bese ulungisa iseva ye-DHCP.

Ukuze i-intanethi isebenze kahle, kuyadingeka ukuvumela ukuhumusha kwe-NAT ngokufaka uphawu lwebhokisi lokuhlola elihambelanayo.

Ngokunye ukushintsha yonke imingcele ewindini le-Quick Set, chofoza inkinobho "Faka isicelo". Ukuxhumana nomzila kuzopheliswa. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho, noma maneke ukuxhuma bese uvula uxhumano lwenethiwekhi futhi. Konke kufanele kutholakale.

Isilungiselelo sephasiwedi yomlawuli

Esikhathini izilungiselelo zefekthi yamabhuroti wamaMikrotik awekho iphasiwedi. Ukushiya kulesi simo akunakwenzeka ngezizathu zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqedela ukucushwa okuyisisekelo kwedivayisi, kuyadingeka ukusetha iphasiwedi yomlawuli. Kulokhu:

  1. Kukholomu lwesobunxele lwewindi leWindows Ubunikazi livula ithebhu "Uhlelo" futhi kuyo iya esigatshaneni "Abasebenzisi".
  2. Kuhlu lwabasebenzisi oluzovuleka, chofoza kabili ukuvula izakhiwo zomsebenzisi. umphathi.
  3. Iya kokusetha iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ngokuchofoza "Iphasiwedi".
  4. Setha iphasiwedi yomlawuli, uyiqinisekise, futhi usebenzise izinguquko ngokuchofoza "Faka isicelo" futhi "Kulungile".

Lokhu kugcwalisa isilungiselelo sephasiwedi yomqondisi. Uma kunesidingo, esigabeni esifanayo ungangeza abanye abasebenzisi noma amaqembu abasebenzisi abanamazinga ahlukene okufinyelela ku-router.

Ukulungiselelwa kwezincwadi

Ukuhlela umzila we-Mikrotik kwimodi yebhuku kudinga ulwazi oluthile nolwazi oluvela kumsebenzisi, njengoba kuzodingeka kube nemingcele eminingi ehlukene. Kodwa inzuzo engenakuphikwa yile ndlela yikhono lokulungisa i-router ngendlela enhle ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokucabangela izidingo zabo siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela ohambisanayo walo msebenzi uzoba ukwanda okuphawulekayo kolwazi lomsebenzisi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, okungahle kubhekiswe nezici ezinhle.

Ukususa ukumiswa kwefektri

Ukususa ukucushwa komshini okujwayelekile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala lapho ukuqaliswa kwebhuku kuqala khona. Udinga nje ukuchofoza "Susa ukulungiswa" efasiteleni elivela lapho uqala ukuqala idivayisi.

Uma iwindi elinjalo lingabonakali - kusho ukuthi umzila usuvele uxhunyiwe ngaphambili. Isimo esifanayo kuzoba lapho uhlela idivayisi esetshenzisiwe enye inethiwekhi. Kulesi simo, ukumiswa kwamanje kufanele kususwe kanje:

  1. Ku-Winbox iya kwesigaba "Uhlelo" bese ukhetha "Setha kabusha ukuhlela" kusuka ohlwini lokudonsa phansi.
  2. Ewindinini elivela emkhakheni "Ayikho i-Default Configurtion" bese ucindezela inkinobho "Setha kabusha ukuhlela".

Emva kwalokho, i-router izoqala kabusha futhi izolungele ukucushwa okuqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukuba ushintshe ngokushesha igama lomlawuli bese usetha iphasiwedi ngendlela echazwe esigabeni esandulele.

Qamba kabusha izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi

Enye yezinkinga zokumisa ama-router ama-Mikrotik kubhekwa ngamagama amaningi amancane angamachweba alo. Ungabona esigabeni. "I-Winbox Interfaces":

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imisebenzi ye-WAN port kumadivayisi we-Mikrotik ether1. Izixhumanisi ezisele ziyi-LAN. Ukuze ungadideki nokucushwa okuqhubekayo, bangabizwa kabusha ngokuthi bajwayele umsebenzisi. Lokhu kuzodinga:

  1. Chofoza kabili egameni lechweba ukuvula izindawo zalo.
  2. Ensimini "Igama" faka igama lesiphakamiso oyifunayo bese uchofoza "Kulungile".

Amachweba asele angabizwa kabusha ku-LAN noma ashiywe ingashintshi. Uma umsebenzisi engacasuliwe ngegama elizenzakalelayo, awukwazi ukushintsha noma yini. Le nqubo ayithinti ukusebenza kwedivayisi futhi iyakhethwa.

Ukusethwa kwe-Intanethi

Ukusetha uxhumano kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke kunezinketho zayo. Konke kuxhomeke kuhlobo loxhumano olunikezwa ngumhlinzeki. Cabanga ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

DHCP

Lolu hlobo lokusetha luyinto elula. Mane nje udale iklayenti elisha le-DHCP. Kulokhu:

  1. Esigabeni "IP" iya kuthebhu "Umthengi we-DHCP".
  2. Dala ikhasimende elisha ngokuchofoza ku-plus kuwindi elibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho lutho oludinga ukuguqulwa, cindezela nje "Kulungile".
  • Ipharamitha "Sebenzisa i-Peer DNS" kusho ukuthi iseva ye-DNS evela kumhlinzeki izosetshenziselwa.
  • Ipharamitha Sebenzisa i-Peer NTP onesibopho sokusebenzisa isikhathi sokuvumelanisa nomhlinzeki.
  • Okushoyo "Yebo" kupharamitha "Engeza Umzila Ozenzakalelayo" ikhombisa ukuthi lo mzila uzokwengezwa etafuleni lokuhambisa futhi uthathe kuqala kunabanye.

Ukuxhumeka kwe-ip st

Kulesi simo, umhlinzeki kumele kuqala athole yonke imingcele yokuxhumana edingekayo. Khona-ke kudingeka wenze okulandelayo:

  1. Faka isigaba "I-IP" - "Izikhalazo" futhi unikeze ikheli le-IP elithandayo kwi-port ye-WAN.
  2. Yiya kuthebhu "Imizila" bese wengeza umzila ozenzakalelayo.
  3. Engeza ikheli le-DNS yeseva.

Kulesi silungiselelo sesiphelile.

Ukuxhumana okudinga ukugunyazwa

Uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa uxhumano lwe-PPPoE noma L2TP, izilungiselelo zenziwe esigabeni "PPP" I-Winbox. Ukuphendukela kulesi sigaba, kumele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  1. Ukuchofoza ku-plus, khetha uhlobo lwakho lokuxhuma ohlwini lokudonsa (isibonelo, PPPoE).
  2. Ewindini evula, faka igama lakho ukuze uxhumano lwakhiwe (ngokuzithandela).
  3. Yiya kuthebhu "Shayela Ngaphandle" bese ufaka ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi etholakele kumhlinzeki. Amagugu emingcele yemisele asevele ichazwe ngenhla.

Ukulungisa ukuxhumana kwe-L2TP no-PPTP kulandela isimo esifanayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ithebhu "Shayela Ngaphandle" kukhona insimu eyengeziwe "Xhuma Kuye"lapho udinga ukufaka ikheli le-VPN iseva.

Uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa i-MAC ukubopha

Kulesi simo, ikheli le-MAC lechweba le-WAN kufanele liguqulwe kulokho okufunwa ngumhlinzeki. On amadivaysi Mikrotik, lokhu kungenziwa kuphela kusuka line umyalo. Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

  1. Ku-Winbox, khetha into yemenyu "I-Terminal entsha" futhi ngemva kokuvula i-console, cindezela "Faka".
  2. Faka umyalo ku-terminal/ i-ethernet ye-interface ibeke i-WAN mac-address = 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
  3. Iya kusigaba "Ukungena", vula izakhiwo ze-WAN interface futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ikheli le-MAC liye lashintsha.

Lokhu kuqedela ukusethwa kwe-inthanethi, kodwa amakhasimende enethiwekhi yasemakhaya ngeke akwazi ukuyisebenzisa kuze kube yilapho inethiwekhi yendawo ihlelwe.

Ukusetha okungenantambo

Ungalungisa inethiwekhi yakho engenazintambo kumzila we-Mikrotik ngokuya esigabeni "Engenantambo". Njengengxenye ye-Interfaces, uhlu lwezinsizakalo ezingenazintambo luboniswa lapha. wlan (kuye ngokuthi imodeli ye-router, kungenzeka kube khona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu).

Ukuhlelwa kanje:

  1. Idala iphrofayli yokuphepha yokuxhumana kwakho okungenantambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hamba kuthebhu efanelekile ewindini letafula lokusebenzisana elingenantambo bese uchofoza ku-plus. Ewindini evulekayo, isala ukungena amaphasiwedi we-Wi-Fi bese usetha izinhlobo ezidingekayo zokubethela.
  2. Bese uchofoza kabili egameni lesikhombikubona esingenantambo ukuvula izindawo zalo futhi lapho kuthebhu "Engenantambo" ukuhlela ngokuqondile kwenzeka.

Imingcele ekhonjisiwe ku-skrini yanele ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenethiwekhi engenantambo.

Inethiwekhi yendawo

Ngemuva kokuthi ususe ukucushwa kwefektri, amarekhodi e-LAN kanye ne-Wi-Fi module ye-router ahlale engaqinisekisiwe. Ukuze umgwaqo uqale phakathi kwabo, udinga ukuwahlanganisa ube ibhuloho. Ukulandelana kwezilungiselelo kanje:

  1. Iya kusigaba "Ibhuloho" bese udala ibhuloho elisha.
  2. Nika ikheli le-IP kwibhuloho elidalwe.
  3. Nika ibhuloho edalwe kuseva ye-DHCP ukuze ikwazi ukusabalalisa amakheli kumadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-wizard ngale njongo ngokuchofoza inkinobho. "Isethaphu ye-DHCP" bese nje ukhetha imingcele edingekayo ngokuchofoza "Okulandelayo"kuze kulungiselelwe ukusethwa kweseva.
  4. Engeza izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi ebhuloho. Kulokhu udinga ukubuyela esigabeni futhi. "Ibhuloho"iya kuthebhu "Amaphakethe"futhi ngokuchofoza ku-plus, engeza amathrekhi adingekayo. Ungamane ukhethe "Konke" bese ungeze konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Lokhu kuqeda ukusethwa kwe-LAN.

Lesi sihloko sathinta amaphuzu ayisisekelo kuphela okusetha ama-rouro ye-Mikrotik. Amandla abo aphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa lezi zinyathelo zokuqala zingaba yindawo yokuqala ongaqala ngayo ukungena ezweni elimangalisayo lamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.

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