Kwenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi we-intanethi ukwanele ukuxhuma ikhebula lenethiwekhi kwikhompyutha, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza okunye. Ukuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE, i-L2TP ne-PPTP kusasebenza. Ngokuvamile, i-ISP inikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani imodeli ethize ye-router, kodwa uma uqonda isimiso salokho okudingeka ukulungiswe, ungenza lokhu cishe noma iyiphi i-router.
Ukusetha kwe-PPPoE
I-PPPoE ingenye yezinhlobo zokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi okuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho i-DSL isetshenziswa.
- Isici esivela kunoma yikuphi uxhumano lwe-VPN ukusetshenziswa kokungena ngemvume nephasiwedi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-routers zidinga ukuba ufake iphasiwedi kabili, abanye - kanye. Ngesikhathi sokusetha kokuqala, ungathatha le datha enkonzweni ne-ISP yakho.
- Kuye ngezidingo zomhlinzeki, ikheli le-IP lomzila lizohlala (lihlala njalo) noma liguquguquke (lingashintsha njalo lapho lixhuma kuseva). Ikheli elishintshayo linikwe umhlinzeki, ngakho akudingeki ukuba ugcwalise noma yini.
- Ikheli le-static kufanele libhaliswe ngesandla.
- "Igama le-AC" futhi "Igama Lesevisi" - Lezi zikhetho ezihlobene ne-PPPoE kuphela. Babonisa igama lehabhu kanye nohlobo lwenkonzo, ngokulandelana. Uma kudingeka ukuthi asetshenziswe, umhlinzeki kumele akhulume lokhu kule miyalo.
Kwezinye izimo kuphela ezisetshenzisiwe "Igama Lesevisi".
- Isici esilandelayo yisimiso sokuxhuma kabusha. Kuye ngomodeli we-router, okukhethwa kukho okulandelayo kuyotholakala:
- "Xhuma ngokuzenzekelayo" - i-router izohlala ixhuma kwi-Inthanethi, futhi uma uxhumano luphukile, luzoxhuma kabusha.
- "Xhuma kwi-Demand" - uma i-Intanethi ingasetshenzisiwe, i-router izonqamula uxhumano. Lapho isiphequluli noma olunye uhlelo luzama ukufinyelela i-intanethi, i-router izosungula kabusha uxhumano.
- "Xhuma Ngokuzenzakalelayo" - njengokwesikhashana esidlule, i-router izonqamula uxhumano uma ungasebenzisi i-Intanethi isikhashana. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma uhlelo lucela ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, i-router ngeke iphinde ixhumane. Ukuze ulungise lokhu, kufanele ungene kuzilungiselelo ze-router bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "xhuma".
- Ukuxhumanisa okusekelwe isikhathi - lapha ungacacisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuxhumeka kuzosebenza.
- Enye inketho kungenzeka "Ngaso sonke isikhathi" - uxhumano luzohlale lusebenza.
- Kwezinye izimo, i-ISP idinga ukuba ucacise iseva lesigama lesizinda ("DNS"), okuguqula amakheli okuqoka amagama (ldap-isp.ru) kuya kudijithali (10.90.32.64). Uma lokhu kungadingeki, ungayinaki le nto.
- "MTU" - inani lemininingwane ethunyelwe kokusebenza kokudlulisa idatha eyodwa. Ungazama amanani ukuze ukwandise umkhawulokudonsa, kepha ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni. Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki be-intanethi bakhombisa usayizi odingekayo we-MTU, kodwa uma kungekho, kungcono ukuthi ungathinti leli pharamitha.
- "Ikheli le-MAC". Kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi ekuqaleni ikhompyutha kuphela ixhunywe kwi-intanethi futhi izilungiselelo zomhlinzeki ziboshelwe kwenye ikheli le-MAC. Njengoba ama-smartphones namaphilisi asetshenziswa kakhulu, lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kungenzeka. Futhi kulokhu, kungadingeka "ukuhlanganisa" ikheli le-MAC, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-router inamakheli afanayo nekhompyutha lapho i-intanethi ihlelwe khona ekuqaleni.
- "Ukuxhumeka kwesibili" noma "Ukuxhumeka Kwesibili". Le parameter ijwayelekile "Ukufinyelela okuDual"/"I-Russia PPPoE". Ngalo, ungaxhuma kunethiwekhi yendawo yomhlinzeki. Kudingekile kuphela ukukwenza uma umhlinzeki uncoma ukuyibeka "Ukufinyelela okuDual" noma "I-Russia PPPoE". Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele ivaliwe. Uma ivulwa "IP Dynamic" I-ISP izokunika ikheli ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Uma kunikwe amandla "IP Static", I-IP-ikheli futhi ngezinye izikhathi umaski uzodinga ukubhalisa ngokwakho.
Isethaphu ye-L2TP
I-L2TP enye inqubo ye-VPN, inikeza amathuba amakhulu, ngakho-ke iyasetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwama-router models.
- Ekuqaleni kokucushwa kwe-L2TP, unganquma ukuthi ikheli le-IP kufanele liguquke noma liguquke. Esimweni sokuqala, akudingeki ulungise.
- Khona-ke ungacacisa ikheli leseva - "Ikheli le-IP ye-L2TP". Kwangenzeka sengathi "Igama leSeva".
- Njengoba kufanele uxhumano lwe-VPN, udinga ukucacisa igama lomsebenzisi noma iphasiwedi, engathathwa esivumelwaneni.
- Okulandelayo, uxhumano kuseva lulungisiwe, olwenzeka futhi emva kokuxhumeka kulahlekile. Ungacacisa "Ngaso sonke isikhathi"ngakho ukuthi njalo, noma "Kufunwa"ukuze uxhumano lwenziwe ngokufunwa.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-DNS kufanele kwenziwe uma kudingeka ngumhlinzeki.
- Ipharamitha ye-MTU ngokuvamile ayidingi ukushintsha, ngaphandle kwalokho umhlinzeki we-intanethi uzoboniswa emiyalweni ukuthi yiliphi inani okufanele linikezwe.
- Cacisa ikheli le-MAC akudingeki njalo, futhi amacala akhethekile kunenkinobho "Clone ikheli le-PC yakho ye-PC". Ikwabela i-MAC ikheli lekhompyutha lapho ukucushwa kwenziwa khona ku-router.
Esikhathini sesibili - kubalulekile ukubhalisa hhayi ikheli le-IP kuphela futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-subnet mask, kodwa futhi isango - "L2TP Gateway IP-ikheli".
Ukusetha kwe-PPTP
I-PPTP enye uhlobo lwexhumano lwe-VPN; kubonakala sengathi lilungiselelwe cishe ngendlela efanayo ne-L2TP.
- Ungaqala ukucushwa kwalolu hlobo loxhumano ngokucacisa uhlobo lwekheli le-IP. Ngekheli eliguqukayo, akukho okunye okudingeka kulungiswe.
- Khona-ke udinga ukucacisa Ikheli le-IP ye-IPP Serverlapho ukugunyazwa kuzokwenzeka khona.
- Ngemva kwalokho, ungacacisa igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ekhishwe umhlinzeki.
- Uma ulungisa ukuxhuma kabusha, ungacacisa "Kufunwa"ukuze uxhumano lwe-intanethi lubekwe ngokufunwa futhi luxhunyiwe uma lungasetshenzisiwe.
- Ukusetha amaseva wegama lesizinda ngokuvamile akudingeki, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kudingwa umhlinzeki.
- Okushoyo MTU kungcono ukuthi ungathinti uma kungadingekile.
- Inkambu "Ikheli le-MAC"Kungenzeka ukuthi akudingekile ukugcwalisa, ezimweni ezikhethekile ungasebenzisa inkinobho engezansi ukukhombisa ikheli lekhompyutha lapho i-router ihlelwe khona.
Uma ikheli limile, ngaphandle kokungena ikheli ngokwayo, ngezinye izikhathi kudingekile ukucacisa imasksi ye-subnet - lokhu kuyadingeka uma umzila ungakwazi ukuwubala ngokwawo. Khona-ke isango likhonjisiwe - IPPP Gateway Ikheli le-IP.
Isiphetho
Lokhu kuqedela ukubuka konke izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana kwe-VPN. Yiqiniso, kunezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ngokuvamile zisetshenziswe ezweni elithile, noma zikhona kuphela kumodeli othile womzila.
