Uhlu lwezingcaphuno luhlu lwezinkomba ezikulo idokhumenti okukhulunywe ngalo umsebenzisi uma ulidala. Futhi, imithombo ekhonjiwe ibalwe njengezinkomba. Uhlelo lwe-MS Office lunikeza amandla okudala ngokushesha futhi ngokushelela ukubhekisela okuzosebenzisa ulwazi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi, kuboniswe kumbhalo wombhalo.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza okuqukethwe okuzenzakalelayo eZwini
Ukungeza ireferensi nomthombo wokubhala kumadokhumenti
Uma ungeze isixhumanisi esisha kudokhumenti, umthombo omusha wezobhala uzokwakhiwa futhi, uzoboniswa ohlwini lwezinkomba.
1. Vula idokhumenti ofuna ukuyihlobisa ngayo, bese uya kuthebhu "Izixhumanisi".
2. Eqembu "Izinkomba" chofoza umcibisholo oseduze "Isitayela".
3. Kusukela kwimenyu yokudonsa, khetha isitayela ofuna ukusebenzisa kumthombo wokubhala kanye nesixhumanisi.
Qaphela: Uma idokhumenti ongenezela kulo ibhulogi isayensi yezenhlalakahle, kutuswa ukusebenzisa izitayela zokubhekisela nezinkomba. "I-APA" futhi "MLA".
4. Chofoza endaweni ekupheleni kwedokhumenti noma inkulumo ezosetshenziswa njengesethenjwa.
5. Chofoza inkinobho. "Faka isixhumanisi"etholakala eqenjini "Izinkomba nezinkomba"ithebhu "Izixhumanisi".
6. Yenza isenzo esidingekayo:
- Engeza umthombo omusha: engeza ulwazi mayelana nomthombo omusha wezincwadi;
- Engeza indawo yendawo entsha: engeza indawo yokubeka indawo ukubonisa isicatshulwa kumbhalo. Lo myalo ikuvumela ukuthi ufake imininingwane eyengeziwe. Umbuzo wembuzo uvela kumphathi wemithombo eduze nemithombo yabanikazi bendawo.
7. Chofoza umcibisholo eduze nensimu. "Uhlobo Lomthombo"ukungenisa ulwazi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi.
Qaphela: Incwadi, imithombo yewebhu, umbiko, njll ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokubhala.
8. Faka imininingwane ebalulekile yolwazi mayelana nemithombo ekhethiwe yezincwadi.
- Ithiphu: Ukufaka imininingwane eyengeziwe, hlola ibhokisi eceleni "Bonisa zonke izinkambu zezinkomba".
Amanothi:
- Uma ukhethe i-GOST noma i-ISO 690 njengesitayela somthombo, futhi isixhumanisi asiyona eyingqayizivele, kufanele ungeze uhlamvu lwe-alfabeti ikhodi. Isibonelo soxhumanisi olunjalo: [Pasteur, 1884a].
- Uma isitayela somthombo siyi "Ukulandelana kwe-ISO 690 yedijithali", futhi izixhumanisi azihambisani; ngokuboniswa okuqondile kwezixhumanisi, chofoza isitayela "ISO 690" bese uchofoza "NGENA".
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza isitembu ku-MS Word ngokusho kwe-GOST
Sesha umthombo wezincwadi
Kuye ngokuthi uluhlobo luni lwedokhumenti owadalayo, nokuthi likhulu kangakanani, uhlu lwezinkomba lungahlukahluka. Kuhle uma uhlu lwezinkomba okubhekiswe kuwo umsebenzisi luyingcosana, kodwa okungafani nakanjani kungenzeka.
Uma kwenzeka uhlu lwemithombo yombhalo lude kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubhekisela kwezinye zazo kuzoboniswa kwenye idokhumenti.
1. Yiya kuthebhu "Izixhumanisi" bese uchofoza "Ukuphathwa Kwemthombo"etholakala eqenjini "Izinkomba nezinkomba".
Amanothi:
- Uma uvula idokhumenti entsha, okwamanje ingenayo izikhombisi-ndlela nezinkomba, imithombo yamabhuku esetshenziswe kumadokhumenti futhi idalwe ngaphambilini izobe isendaweni "Uhlu oluyinhloko".
- Uma uvula idokhumenti esivele inezixhumanisi nezincaphuno, imithombo yabo yombhalo izoboniswa ohlwini Uhlu lwamanje. Imithombo yombhalo echazwe kulokhu kanye / noma amadokhumenti adalwe ngaphambilini azophinde abe ohlwini lwama-"List List".
2. Ukufuna umthombo wezincwadi ezidingekayo, yenza okukodwa kokulandelayo:
- Hlunga ngesihloko, igama lomlobi, umaka wokuxhumanisa noma unyaka. Kulolu hlu olulandelayo, thola umthombo oyifunayo wokubhala;
- Ngena ebhokisini lokusesha igama lomlobi noma isihloko somthombo wokubhala ozofunyanwa. Uhlu olusha ngokuvuselelayo luzobonisa izinto ezihambelana nombuzo wakho.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza isihloko esiyinhloko eZwini
- Ithiphu: Uma udinga ukukhetha uhlu olulodwa oluyinhloko (oluyinhloko) ongayifaka ngalo imithombo yemibhalo yedokhumenti osebenza naye, chofoza "Buyekeza" (ngaphambili "Sibutsetelo kuMphathi Wezinsiza"). Le ndlela isebenza ngokukhethekile uma uhlanganyela ifayela. Ngakho-ke, uhlu olusekhompyutheni yomuntu osebenza naye noma, isibonelo, kwiwebhusayithi yesikhungo semfundo singasetshenziswa njengoluhlu olunomthombo wezincwadi.
Ukuhlela isixhumanisi sokuxhumanisa
Kwezinye izimo kungase kudingekile ukwakha isikhungo lapho indawo yesixhumanisi izoboniswa khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi olugcwele lwe-bibliographic mayelana nomthombo wezinhlelo luhlelwe ukuthi luzofakwa kamuva.
Ngakho-ke, uma uhlu seluvele seludalwe, izinguquko kolwazi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi zizobonakala ngokuzenzakalelayo ohlwini lwezinkomba uma seludalwe.
Qaphela: Umbuzo wembuzo uvela kumphathi wemthombo eduze komnikazi wendawo.
1. Chofoza inkinobho "Ukuphathwa Kwemthombo"etholakala eqenjini "Izinkomba nezinkomba"ithebhu "Izixhumanisi".
2. Khetha kusigaba Uhlu lwamanje umnikazi wendawo yokufaka.
Qaphela: Emenenja yomthombo, imithombo yendawo yokubeka indawo ibhalwe ngokulandelana ngokwe-alfabhethi ngokusho kwamathegi (njengeminye imithombo). Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amagama amathegi wendawo yendawo ayizinombolo, kodwa uma ufisa, ungacacisa noma yiliphi elinye igama kubo.
3. Chofoza "Shintsha".
4. Chofoza umcibisholo eduze nensimu. "Uhlobo Lomthombo"ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, bese uqala ukungenisa ulwazi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi.
Qaphela: Incwadi, iphephandaba, umbiko, imithombo yewebhu, njll ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokubhala.
5. Faka imininingwane ebalulekile yolwazi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi.
- Ithiphu: Uma ungafuni ukufaka amagama ngesakhiwo esidingekayo noma esidingekayo ngesandla, ukuze wenze lula umsebenzi, sebenzisa inkinobho "Shintsha" ukugcwalisa.
Hlola ibhokisi eceleni kwento "Bonisa zonke izinkambu zezinkomba", ukungenisa ulwazi oluningi mayelana nomthombo wezincwadi.
Isifundo: Kanjani eZwini ukuhlunga uhlu ngo-alfabhethi
Ukwakha uhlu lwezinkomba
Ungakha uhlu lwezinkomba noma nini emva kokukodwa noma okunye okufakiwe okungeziwe kulo mbhalo. Uma kungekho ulwazi olwanele lokudala isixhumanisi esiphelele, ungasebenzisa umnikazi wendawo. Kulesi simo, ungangena ulwazi olwengeziwe kamuva.
Qaphela: Izikhombisi-ndlela aziveli ohlwini lwezinkomba.
1. Chofoza endaweni yedokhumenti lapho uhlu lwezingqikithi kufanele zibe (cishe, lokhu kuzoba sekupheleni kwedokhumenti).
Chofoza inkinobho "Izinkomba"etholakala eqenjini "Izinkomba nezinkomba"ithebhu "Izixhumanisi".
3. Ukwengeza ibhulogi kumadokhumenti, khetha "Izinkomba" (isigaba "Yakhelwe ngaphakathi") isakhiwo esimisiwe se-bibliography.
4. Uhla lwezinkomba ezenziwe nguwe luzofakwa endaweni ekhonjisiwe yedokhumenti. Uma kunesidingo, shintsha ukubukeka kwayo.
Isifundo: Ukufometha kombhalo ku-Word
Yilokho konke, ngoba manje uyakwazi ukwakha uhlu lwezinkomba ku-Microsoft Word, kokuba ulungiselele ngaphambilini uhlu lwezinkomba. Sifisela wena ukufunda okulula futhi okuphumelelayo.
