IKHASI LASEKHAYA LE-YANDEX ALIVULI

Enye yezinkomba eziningi abaqashi bezimali, izikhulu zentela kanye nosomabhizinisi abazimele okumelwe babhekane nayo intela yongezwayo. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokubala, kanye nokubala ezinye izinkomba ezihlobene nawo, uba ufanele kubo. Ungenza lokhu kubalwa ngesamba esisodwa usebenzisa umbala wokubala. Kodwa, uma ufuna ukubala i-VAT kusethi yezimali zemali, khona-ke ngekhompyutha eyodwa izoba yinkinga kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini wokubala akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi okulula ukusebenzisa.

Ngenhlanhla, ku-Excel, ungakwazi ukusheshisa ngokuphawulekayo ukubalwa kwemiphumela edingekayo yedatha yasekuqaleni, ebalulwe etafuleni. Ake sibone ukuthi singakwenza kanjani.

Inqubo yokubala

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo ekubalweni, ake sithole ukuthi ukukhokha intela okucacisiwe kumelela yini. Intela eyongezwayo yintela engekho ngqo ekhokhelwa abathengisi bezimpahla namasevisi ngenani lemikhiqizo ethengiswayo. Kodwa abakhokhi bangempela abathengi, ngoba ukubaluleka kwentela sekuvele kufakwe ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo noma amasevisi athengwayo.

E-Russian Federation, isilinganiso sentela okwamanje sisethwe ku-18%, kodwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni angase ahluke. Isibonelo, e-Austria, Great Britain, e-Ukraine naseBelrusrus ilingana no-20%, eJalimane - 19%, eHungary - 27%, eKazakhstan - 12%. Kodwa ezinkalweni zethu sizosebenzisa izinga lentela elifanele eRussia. Kodwa-ke, ngokushintsha izinga lesithakazelo, lezo zibalo zokubala ezonikezwa ngezansi zingasetshenziswa kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe emhlabeni lapho lolu hlobo lokukhokhiswa lufakiwe.

Kule ndaba, ngaphambi kokuba abakwa-akhawunti, abasebenzi bezintela zentela kanye nosomabhizinisi ezimweni ezehlukene, imisebenzi elandelayo:

Ukubalwa kwe-VAT langempela kusuka kwenani ngaphandle kwentela;
Ukubalwa kwe-VAT ngenani lapho intela isivele ifakiwe khona;
Ukubalwa kwemali ngaphandle kwe-VAT ngenani lapho intela isivele ifakiwe khona;
Bala inani le-VAT ngenani ngaphandle kwentela.

Sizoqhubeka nokwenza lezi zibalo ku-Excel.

Indlela 1: Bala i-VAT Base Base

Okokuqala, ake sithole ukuthi singakanani ukubala i-VAT esisekelweni sentela. Kulula kakhulu. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, isisekelo esikhokhisayo kufanele sandezwe ngenani lentela, eRussia lingama-18%, noma inombolo 0.18. Ngakho-ke, sinefomula:

"I-VAT" = "Isisekelo sentela" x 18%

I-Excel, ifomula yokubala kanje:

= inombolo * 0.18

Ngokuvamile, i-multiplier "Inombolo" inkulumo yezinombolo zalesi sisekelo sentela uqobo noma ukubhekisela kweseli lapho lesi sakhi sitholakala khona. Ake sizame ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi ngokuzenzela itafula elithile. Iqukethe amakholomu amathathu. Iyokuqala iqukethe izindinganiso ezaziwayo zesisekelo sentela. Kwesibili, izindinganiso ezifunayo ziyotholakala, okufanele sibale. Ikholomu yesithathu izoqukatha isamba sempahla kanye nenani lentela. Njengoba kunzima ukuqagela, kungabalwa ngokungeza idatha yamakholomu okuqala neyesibili.

Khetha iseli lokuqala lekholomu nedatha oyifunayo. Sibeka uphawu lwakhe "="futhi ngemva kwalokho sichofoza esitokisini emgqeni ofanayo kusuka kukholomu "I-Tax Base". Njengoba ungabona, ikheli lalo libhalwa ngokushesha esakhiweni lapho senza khona ukubala. Emva kwalokho, esitokisini esibalwa, setha uphawu lokuphindaphinda i-Excel (*). Okulandelayo, sishayela ngokubaluleka kwekhibhodi "18%" noma "0,18". Ekugcineni, ifomula yalesi sibonelo ithathe ifomu elilandelayo:
= A3 * 18%
Esikhathini sakho, kuzoba okufanayo ngaphandle kwesici sokuqala. Esikhundleni "A3" Kungase kube nezinye izixhumanisi, kuye ngokuthi ngabe umsebenzisi uthumele idatha equkethe isamba sentela.

Emva kwalokho, ukubonisa umphumela ophelile esitokisini, chofoza inkinobho Ngena kwikhibhodi. Izibalo ezidingekayo zizokwenziwa masinyane nguhlelo.

Njengoba ungabona, umphumela uboniswa ngezindawo ezine zamadayimenti. Kodwa, njengoba kwaziwa, i-ruble currency unit ingaba nezindawo ezimbili zamadayimenti (kopeks). Ngakho, ukuze umphumela wethu ube olungile, inani lidinga ukuba lizungezwe ezindaweni ezimbili zamadayimenti. Senza lokhu ngokufometha amaseli. Ukuze singabuyeli kule nkinga kamuva, sizofometha wonke amaseli ahloselwe ukubekwa kwezindleko zemali ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Khetha ububanzi betafula, eklanyelwe ukwamukela amanani ezinombolo. Chofoza inkinobho yesokudla yegundane. Iqala imenyu yokuqukethwe. Khetha into kuwo "Fometha amaseli".

Emva kwalokhu, iwindi yokufometha iqaliswa. Hambisa kuthebhu "Inombolo"uma kuvulwe kunoma iyiphi enye ithebhu. Ku-block parameter "Amafomu Amanani" setha inkinobho ukuma "Numeric". Okulandelayo, sihlola ukuthi ngakwesokudla kwefasitela ensimini "Inombolo Enqunyiwe" kwakukhona isibalo "2". Leli nani kufanele libe yi-default, kodwa uma kufanelekile ukuhlola nokuliguqula uma kunoma iyiphi enye inombolo eboniswa khona, futhi cha 2. Okulandelayo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
Ungase futhi esikhundleni sefomethi yenombolo kufaka phakathi ukheshi. Kulesi simo, izinombolo zizoboniswa nezindawo ezimbili zesimanje. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa kabusha ushintsho ku-block parameter "Amafomu Amanani" esimweni "Imali". Njengasekuqaleni kwecala, sibheke "Inombolo Enqunyiwe" kwakukhona isibalo "2". Futhi qaphela iqiniso lokuthi ensimini "Ukuqokwa" uphawu lwe-ruble lubekiwe, ngaphandle kokuthi, ngokuqinisekile, uzosebenza ngamabomu ngolunye uhlobo lwemali. Emva kwalokho, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".

Uma usebenzisa okuhlukile usebenzisa ifomethi yenombolo, zonke izinombolo ziguqulwa zibe ngamanani nezindawo ezimbili zamadesimali.
Uma usebenzisa ifomethi yemali, ukuguqulwa okufanayo kuyokwenzeka, kepha uphawu lwemali ekhethiwe luzofakwa emazingeni.

Kodwa, kuze kube manje sibalwe ukubaluleka kwentela eyengeziwe ngenani elilodwa kuphela lesisekelo sentela. Manje sidinga ukwenza lokhu kuwo wonke amanye amanani. Yiqiniso, ungangena ifomula ngesifaniso esifanayo njengoba senza okokuqala, kepha izibalo ku-Excel zihluke ukusuka kubaloyi wokubala okujwayelekile ukuthi uhlelo lungasheshisa kakhulu ukukwenziwa kwezenzo ezifanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukukopisha ngomaka wokugcwalisa.
Setha isikhombisi ekhoneni elingezansi elingakwesokudla se-sheet element, esivele iqukethe ifomula. Kule nkinga, isikhombisi kufanele siguqulwe esiphambanweni esincane. Lona uphawu lokugcwalisa. Cindezela inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uyihudulela phansi phansi kwetafula.

Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kokwenza lesi senzo, inani elidingekayo lizobalwe ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amanani entela yentela etafuleni lethu. Ngakho-ke, sibalwe isibonakaliso sezindleko eziyisikhombisa zemali ngokushesha kunalokho okwakungenziwa kwi-calculator noma, ikakhulukazi, ngesandla ephepheni.

Manje sizodinga ukubala inani eliphelele lentengo kanye nenani lentela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha into yokuqala engenalutho kukholomu "Inani nge-VAT". Sabeka uphawu "=", chofoza esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Isisekelo sentela"setha uphawu "+"bese uchofoza esitokisini sokuqala kukholomu. "I-VAT". Esikhathini sethu, le nkulumo elandelayo iboniswe kwento ephumayo:
= A3 + B3
Kodwa, yiqiniso, esimweni ngasinye amakheli amaseli angase ahluke. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza umsebenzi ofanayo, uzodinga ukufaka izixhumanisi zakho siqu ezakhiweni zeshidi ezihambisanayo.

Okulandelayo, chofoza inkinobho Ngena kwikhibhodi ukuze uthole imiphumela ephelele yokubala. Ngakho, ukubaluleka kwenani kanye nentela yexabiso lokuqala kubalwa.

Ukuze ubale inani lemali yentela eyengeziwe nangamanye amanani, sebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, njengoba senza ngokubala okudlule.

Ngakho-ke, sibalwa amanani adingekayo wezindinganiso eziyisikhombisa zesisekelo sentela. Kumbala wokubala, lokhu kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Isifundo: Ungashintsha kanjani ifomethi yeseli ku-Excel

Indlela yesi-2: ukubalwa kwentela ngesamba se-VAT

Kodwa kunamacala lapho kudingeke khona ukubika kwentela ukuthi kubalwe inani le-VAT kumali lapho le ntela isivele ifakiwe. Khona-ke ifomula yokubala izobukeka kanje:

"VAT" = "Inani nge-VAT" / 118% x 18%

Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kubalwa kungenziwa kanjani ngokusebenzisa i-Excel amathuluzi. Kulolu hlelo, ifomula yokubala kuyoba kanje:

= inombolo / 118% * 18%

Njengengxabano "Inombolo" Inani eliyaziwa kakhulu lenani lezimpahla livela nentela.

Isibonelo sokubala sithatha itafula elifanayo. Kuphela manje ikholomu izogcwaliswa. "Inani nge-VAT", namanani wekholomu "I-VAT" futhi "Isisekelo sentela" kufanele sibale. Sicabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana etafuleni kakade afomathiwe kufomethi yezimali noma yezinombolo ngezindawo ezimbili zamadesimali, ngakho ngeke sibuyele le nqubo.

Setha isikhombisi kuseli lokuqala lekholomu nedatha oyifunayo. Faka ifomula (= inombolo / 118% * 18%) ngendlela efanayo eyasetshenziswa endleleni eyedlule. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kokuba uphawu lufake isixhumanisi esitokisini lapho inani elihambelana nenani lezimpahla nentela litholakala khona, bese kusuka kukhibhodi engeza inkulumo "/118%*18%" ngaphandle izingcaphuno. Esimweni sethu, sithole okulandelayo:
= C3 / 118% * 18%
Emrekhodini okhonjisiwe, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi icala futhi indawo yedatha yokufakwayo kwi-Excel sheet, kuphela ukubhekisela kweseli kungashintsha.

Emva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho Ngena. Umphumela ubalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengendlela yangaphambilini, ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, kopisha ifomula kwamanye amaseli wekholomu. Njengoba ungabona, wonke amanani adingekayo abalwa.

Manje kudingeka sibale inani ngaphandle kokukhokha intela, okungukuthi, isisekelo sentela. Ngokungafani nendlela eyedlule, le nkhomba ayibalwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa, kepha usebenzisa ukukhipha. Ngalokhu udinga ukususa emalini yentela uqobo.
Ngakho-ke, setha isikhombisi kuseli lokuqala lekholomu. "Isisekelo sentela". Ngemuva kwesibonakaliso "=" ukukhiqiza ukukhipha kwedatha kusuka kuseli lokuqala lekholomu "Inani nge-VAT" inani elisekhathini lokuqala lekholomu "I-VAT". Esibonelo sethu esithile, sithola inkulumo elandelayo:
= C3-B3
Ukuze ubonise umphumela, ungakhohlwa ukucindezela ukhiye Ngena.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ngendlela evamile, usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa, kopisha isixhumanisi kwezinye izakhi zekholomu.

Inkinga ingacatshangelwa ukuthi ixazululwe.

Indlela yesithathu: ukubala inani lentela kusuka kwisisekelo sentela

Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukubala inani kanye nenani lentela, elinenani lenkokhelo yentela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukubala inani lokukhokha intela. Ifomula yokubala ingamelwa kanje:

"Inani nge-VAT" = "Isisekelo sentela" + "Isisekelo sentela" x 18%

Ungenza lula ifomu:

"Inani nge-VAT" = "Isisekelo sentela" x 118%

Ku-Excel, kuzobukeka kanje:

= inombolo * 118%

Ukuphikisana "Inombolo" iyisisekelo esikhokhisayo.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe itafula elifanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwekholomu. "I-VAT", ngoba kulokhu kubalwa akudingeki. Amanani awaziwayo azotholakala kukholomu. "Isisekelo sentela", futhi kuyadingeka - kukholomu "Inani nge-VAT".

Khetha iseli lokuqala lekholomu nedatha oyifunayo. Sabeka uphawu lapha "=" futhi isixhumanisi esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Isisekelo sentela". Ngemva kwalokho, faka inkulumo ngaphandle kwamacaphuno "*118%". Esimeni sethu, le nkulumo yamukelwa:
= A3 * 118%
Ukuze ubonise isamba ekuchofozeni kweshidi ku-inkinobho Ngena.

Ngemuva kwalokho, sisebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa bese ukopisha ifomu elifakwe ngaphambili kulo lonke uhla lwekholomu ngamanani abalwa.

Ngakho-ke, inani lemali yezimpahla, kufaka phakathi intela, libalwa kuwo wonke amanani.

Indlela 4: Ukubalwa kwesamba sentela yesamba ngentela

Ngokuvamile kakhulu kufanele ubale isamba sentela yenani lentela ehlanganisiwe kuyo. Noma kunjalo, ukubalwa okunjalo akuvamile, ngakho-ke sizoyibheka.

Ifomula yokubala isisekelo sentela yenani, esivele ihlanganisa intela, kanje:

"Isisekelo sentela" = "Inani nge-VAT" / 118%

Ku-Excel, le fomula izobukeka kanje:

= inombolo / 118%

Njengenzuzo "Inombolo" Kukhona inani lenani lezimpahla, kufaka phakathi intela.

Ngokwezibalo, sisebenzisa itafula elifanayo elifanayo njengendlela yangaphambilini, kuphela kule nkathi idatha eyaziwayo izotholakala kukholomu "Inani nge-VAT", futhi ibalwa - kukholomu "Isisekelo sentela".

Khetha into yokuqala kukholomu. "Isisekelo sentela". Ngemuva kwesibonakaliso "=" faka izixhumanisi zeselula yokuqala enye ikholomu lapho. Emva kwalokho sifaka inkulumo "/118%". Ukubala nokubonisa umphumela kumqapha, chofoza inkinobho. Ngena. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani lokuqala lokubiza ngaphandle kwentela lizobalwa.

Ukuze wenze izibalo ezingxenyeni ezisele zekholomu, njengezimweni zangaphambilini, sisebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa.

Manje sinetafula lapho kubalwa khona inani lezimpahla ngaphandle kwentela kwenziwa ngezikhundla eziyisikhombisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isifundo: Sebenzisa ngamafomula ku-Excel

Njengoba ubona, ukwazi izibalo zokubala intela eyengeziwe yentela nezinkomba ezihlobene, ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokubabala ku-Excel kulula kakhulu. Eqinisweni, i-algorithm yokubala ngokwayo, ehlukile, ayifani kakhulu nokubala kumbala wokubala. Kodwa, ukwenza umsebenzi ku-processor ye-tabular ecacisiwe kunenzuzo eyodwa engenakuphikiswa ngaphezu kwebalawuli. Itholakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukubalwa kwamakhulu amanani ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside kunokubalwa kwesibonakaliso esisodwa. Ku-Excel, kungakapheli iminithi, umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukubala intela yamakhulu ezinkhundleni ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi eliwusizo njengamakaki wokugcwalisa, kuyilapho ukubala inani elifanayo ledatha kumbala wokubala kungathatha amahora ukuqedela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-Excel, ungalungisa ukubala, ulondoloze njengefayela elihlukile.