Sawubona
Akukona nje ukuthi kudlule isikhathi eside ngidinga ukubuyisela izithombe eziningana ukusuka ku-flash drive, okwenziwe ngengozi. Lokhu akuyona into elula, futhi ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi alulame amafayela amaningi, kwakudingeka ngijwayelane nazo zonke izinhlelo ezidumile zokutakula idatha.
Kule ngqungquthela, ngingathanda ukunikeza uhlu lwalezi zinhlelo (ngandlela-thile, zonke zingahle zihlukaniswe njengabantu bonke, ngoba zingabuyisa amafayela kokubili kokushayela okunamandla nakweminye imidiya, isibonelo, kusuka kumemori khadi le-SD, noma ukushayela kwe-flash I-USB).
Akukona uhlu oluthile lwezinhlelo ezingu-22 (kamuva kulesi sihloko, zonke izinhlelo zihlelwa nge-alphabetically).
1. Ukubuyiswa Kwemininingwane Ye-7
Iwebhusayithi: //7datarecovery.com/
OS: Windows: XP, 2003, 7, Vista, 8
Incazelo:
Okokuqala, lo mbuso ubumnandi ngokushesha ngokukhona kolimi lwesiRussia. Okwesibili, kuwubuchwepheshe obuningi, ngemuva kokuqaliswa, kukunikeza izinketho ezingu-5 zokutakula:
- ukubuyiselwa kwamafayela kusuka kokuhlukaniswa kwediski okonakalisiwe nokufomathiwe;
- ukubuyiselwa kwamafayela asuswe ngengozi;
- ukutakula kwamafayela asusiwe kusuka ku-flash drive kanye namakhadi omemori;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwama-disk partitions (uma i-MBR yonakalisiwe, i-disk ifomathiwe, njll);
- Buyisela amafayela kusuka kumafoni e-Android namaphilisi.
I-Screenshot:
2. Ukubuyiswa kwefayela okusebenzayo
Iwebhusayithi: //www.file-recovery.net/
OS: Windows: Vista, 7, 8
Incazelo:
Uhlelo lokuthola ulwazi olususwe ngephutha noma idatha kusuka kuma diski abonakele. Usekela ukusebenza ngezinhlelo eziningi zefayela: FAT (12, 16, 32), NTFS (5, + EFS).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasebenza ngokuqondile ngediski enzima lapho isakhiwo salo esiphuthumayo siphulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlelo lusekela:
- Zonke izinhlobo zokushayela okunzima: IDE, ATA, SCSI;
- imemori khadi: SunDisk, MemoryStick, CompactFlash;
- Amadivayisi we-USB (ama-flash drive, ama-drive angaphandle).
I-Screenshot:
3. Ukubuyiswa Kwehlu Lokusebenza Okusebenzayo
Iwebhusayithi: //www.partition-recovery.com/
OS: I-Windows 7, 8
Incazelo:
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo ukuthi singasebenza ngaphansi kwe-DOS nangaphansi kwe-Windows. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ingabhalwa kwi-CD evulekile (kahle, noma i-flash drive).
Ngendlela, ngendlela, kuyoba khona isihloko mayelana nokurekhoda i-flash bootable drive.
Le nsiza isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukubuyisela wonke amadivaysi e-hard disk, hhayi amafayela ngabanye. Ngendlela, lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi wenze ingobo yomlando (ukukopisha) amatafula we-MBR namasektha ama-hard disk (idatha ye-boot).
Isithombe sesikrini:
4. I-UNDELETE esebenzayo
Iwebhusayithi: //www.active-undelete.com/
OS: Windows 7/2000/2003 / 2008 / XP
Incazelo:
Ngizokutshela ukuthi lokhu kungenye yesofthiwe yokutakula idatha yonke jikelele. Into esemqoka ukuthi isekela:
1. Zonke izinhlelo zefayela ezidumile: NTFS, FAT32, FAT16, NTFS5, NTFS + EFS;
2. Isebenza kuwo wonke ama-Windows OS;
3. isekela inamba enkulu yemidiya: SD, CF, SmartMedia, Memory Stick, ZIP, ama-flash drive e-USB, izinkomba zangaphandle ze-USB, njll.
Izici ezithakazelisayo zenguqulo ephelele:
- ukwesekwa kwamashayela asebenzayo onamandla angaphezu kuka-500 GB;
- ukwesekwa kwe-hardware ne-software RAID-arrays;
- ukudalwa kwama-disk wokusindisa ama-disk (for disks khulula, bheka lesi sihloko);
- ikhono lokusesha amafayela asusiwe ngezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene (okubaluleke kakhulu uma kunamafayela amaningi, i-disk eyinkimbinkimbi iyakwazi, futhi awukhumbuli igama lefayela noma isandiso salo).
Isithombe sesikrini:
5. I-Aidfile ilulame
Iwebhusayithi: //www.aidfile.com/
OS: Windows 2000/2003/2008/2012, i-XP, 7, 8 (32-bit no-64-bit)
Incazelo:
Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu akuyona insizakalo enkulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kolimi lwesiRussia (kodwa lokhu kuwukuqala kokubheka). Lolu hlelo luyakwazi ukubuyisela idatha ezimweni ezihlukahlukene: iphutha lesofthiwe, ukufometha ngengozi, ukususwa, ukuhlaselwa igciwane, njll.
Ngendlela, njengoba abathuthukisi ngokwabo bethi, iphesenti yokuthola ifayela ngalesi sakhiwo siphezulu kunamncintiswano amaningi. Ngakho-ke, uma ezinye izinhlelo zingeke zithole idatha yakho elahlekile, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubeka engozini ukuhlola i-disk nale nsizakalo.
Ezinye izici ezithakazelisayo:
1. Ukubuyisela amafayela iZwi, Excel, Power Pont, njll.
2. Ungabuyisa amafayela uma ubuyisela kabusha iWindows;
3. Ukwanele "okunamandla" okukhethwa kukho ukubuyisela izithombe nezithombe ezihlukahlukene (futhi, ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya).
Isithombe sesikrini:
6. I-BYclouder Data Recovery Ultimate
Iwebhusayithi://www.byclouder.com/
OS: Windows XP / Vista / 7/8 (x86, x64)
Incazelo:
Yini eyenza lolu hlelo lujabule ngenxa yento elula. Ngemuva kokuqaliswa, ngokushesha (nangaphezulu nokukhulu) kukunikeza ukuskena ama-disks ...
Umbuso uyakwazi ukucinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela: amarekhodi, umsindo namavidiyo, amadokhumende. Ungakwazi ukuskena izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya (naphezu kokuphumelela okuhlukile): ama-CD, ama-flash drive, ama-drives hard, njll Kulula kakhulu ukufunda.
I-Screenshot:
7. I-Disk Digger
Iwebhusayithi: //diskdigger.org/
OS: Windows 7, Vista, XP
Incazelo:
Uhlelo oluhle futhi olulula (aludingi ukufakwa, ngendlela), okuzokusiza ngokushesha futhi kalula ululame amafayela asusiwe: umculo, amabhayisikobho, izithombe, izithombe, amadokhumenti. Imithombo yezindaba ingahluka: kusuka kwidiski eyinkimbinkimbi ukuhambisa amashayela namakhadi ememori.
Amasistimu wefayela asekelwe: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT ne-NTFS.
Ukufingqa: ukusiza ngamathuba amaningi, kuzosiza, ngokuvamile, kumacala "alula" kakhulu.
Isithombe sesikrini:
8. I-EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard
Iwebhusayithi: //www.easeus.com/datarecoverywizard/free-data-recovery-software.htm
OS: Windows XP / Vista / 7/8 / Windows Server 2012/2008/2003 (x86, x64)
Incazelo:
Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokutakula ifayela! Izosiza ezinhlobonhlobo ze-debacles: ukususwa ngephutha kwamafayela, ngokufometha okungaphumeleli, umonakalo wokwahlukana, ukwehluleka kwamandla, njll.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ululame ngisho nedatha ebhaliwe necindezelwe! I-Umbuso isekela zonke izinhlelo zefayela ezidumile: VFAT, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS / NTFS5 EXT2, EXT3.
Ubona futhi ikuvumela ukuba uskena abezindaba ezihlukahlukene: IDE / ATA, SATA, SCSI, USB, amashayeli asebenzayo angaphandle, ucingo lomlilo (IEEE1394), ama-flash drive, amakhamera wedijithali, ama-floppy disks, abadlali be-audio namanye amadivaysi amaningi.
Isithombe sesikrini:
9. EasyRecovery
Iwebhusayithi: //www.krollontrack.com/data-recovery/recovery-software/
OS: Windows 95/98 Me / NT / 2000 / XP / Vista / 7
Incazelo:
Enye yezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola ulwazi, oluzosiza uma kwenzeka iphutha elilula ngenkathi kususwa, futhi uma kwenzeka ezinye izinsiza zingasuswa.
Kufanele futhi sithi uhlelo lukuvumela ukuba uthole amafayela ehlukene angu-255 (umsindo, ividiyo, amadokhumenti, amarekhodi, njll), isekela izinhlelo ze-FAT ne-NTFS, izinkinobho ezinzima (i-IDE / ATA / EIDE, SCSI), i-floppy disks (i-Zip ne-Zip Jaz).
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-EasyRecovery inomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi oyokusiza uhlole futhi uhlole isimo sediski (ngendlela, kwesinye sezihloko esivele sixoxe ngombuzo wokuthi ungabheka kanjani i-hard disk yamabi).
Ukusebenza EasyRecovery kusiza ukubuyisela idatha kumacala alandelayo:
- Ukususwa okuphuthumayo (isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa inkinobho ye-Shift);
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane;
- Ukulimala ngenxa yokuphuma kwamandla;
- Izinkinga zokwakha izingxenye uma ufaka iWindows;
- Ukulimala kwesakhiwo sesistimu yefayela;
- Fometha abezindaba noma sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-FDISK.
Isithombe sesikrini:
10. GetData Ukubuyisela Amafayela My Proffesional
Iwebhusayithi: //www.recovermyfiles.com/
OS: Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7
Incazelo:
Ukuthola Amafayela Wami uhlelo oluhle lokubuyisela izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha: ihluzo, amadokhumenti, umculo nomlando wezingobo yomlando.
Iphinde isekele wonke amasistimu amafayela athandwa kakhulu: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS ne-NTFS5.
Ezinye izici:
- ukweseka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zedatha;
- angabuyisa amafayela kusuka ku-HDD, amakhadi alula, amadivayisi we-USB, amadiski e-floppy;
- Umsebenzi okhethekile wokubuyisela i-Zip archives, amafayili e-PDF, imidwebo ye-autoCad (uma ifayela lakho lihambisana nalolu hlobo - ngincoma ukuthi ngizama lolu hlelo).
Isithombe sesikrini:
11. Ukubuyisela Okuhle
Iwebhusayithi: //www.handyrecovery.ru/
OS: Windows 9x / Me / NT / 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 7
Incazelo:
Uhlelo olulula, olunesibuko saseRashiya, esenzelwe ukubuyiselwa amafayela asusiwe. Ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezehlukene: ukuhlasela kwegciwane, ukuphazamiseka kwesofthiwe, ukususwa ngephutha kwamafayela kusuka kubhajethi yokuvuselela, ukufometha kwe disk, njll.
Ngemuva kokukhipha ukuskena nokuhlaziya, Ukubuyiswa Okuvamile kuzokunika ikhono lokupheqa i-disk (noma enye imidiya, njengememori khadi) kanye naku-Explorer ovamile, kuphela "namafayela avamile" uzobona amafayela asusiwe.
Isithombe sesikrini:
12. ICare Data Recovery
Iwebhusayithi: //www.icare-recovery.com/
OS: Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000 pro, Iseva 2008, 2003, 2000
Incazelo:
Uhlelo olunamandla kakhulu lokubuyisela amafayela asusiwe futhi afomethiwe kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zemidiya: Izinkinobho ze-USB, imemori khadi ye-SD, izinkomba ezikhuni. Umbuso ungasiza ukubuyisela ifayela kusuka ekuhlukanisweni kwediski engafundiwe (Raw), uma irekhodi le-MBR boot lilimaziwe.
Ngeshwa, akukho ukusekelwa kolimi lwesiRussia. Ngemuva kokuqalwa, uzothola ithuba lokukhetha kusuka kumakhosi amane:
1. Ukubuyisela ukwahlukanisa - idizadi ezosiza ukubuyisela ukwahlukana okuqediwe kwidiski enzima;
2. Ukubuyiswa kwamafayela asusiwe - le wizard isetshenziselwa ukubuyiselwa amafayela noma amafayela asusiwe;
3. I-Deep Scan Recovery - shintsha i-disk yamafayela akhona namafayela angatholakala;
4. Fometha Ukubuyisela - idijithi ezosiza ukubuyisela amafayela ngemuva kokufometha.
Isithombe sesikrini:
13. I-MiniTool Power Data
Iwebhusayithi: //www.powerdatarecovery.com/
OS: I-Windows XP / Vista / Windows 7 / Windows 8
Incazelo:
Okuhle akuyona uhlelo lokutakula ifayela elibi. Isekela izinhlobo eziningana zemidiya: SD, Smartmedia, Flash Compact, Memory Stick, HDD. It isetshenziswa ezimweni ezehlukene zokulahlekelwa kolwazi: kungakhathaliseki ukuhlasela kwegciwane, noma ukufometha okungafaneleki.
Ngiyajabula futhi ukuthi lolu hlelo lunombhalo wesiRussia futhi ungakwazi ukukuthola kalula. Ngemva kokusebenzisa Umbuso, unikezwa ukukhetha kwamakhosi amaningana:
1. Thola amafayela ngemuva kokususwa ngengozi;
2. Ukubuyiselwa kwezingxenye ze-hard disk ezonakalisiwe, isibonelo, ukuhlukaniswa kweRaw engafundiwe;
3. Ukubuyisela izingxenye ezilahlekile (uma ungaboni ukuthi kunezingxenye ezikude disk);
4. Buyisela ama-CD / DVD amarekhodi. Ngendlela, into ewusizo kakhulu, ngoba akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezinalolu khetho.
Isithombe sesikrini:
14. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-O & O Disk
Iwebhusayithi: //www.oo-software.com/
OS: I-Windows 8, 7, iVista, i-XP
Incazelo:
I-O & O DiskRecovery iyinhlangano enamandla kakhulu yokuthola ulwazi oluvela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemidiya. Amafayela amaningi asusiwe (uma ungabhalisanga kwenye i-disk ngolunye ulwazi) angabuyiselwa usebenzisa i-Umbuso. Idatha ingakhiwa kabusha ngisho noma idesksi enzima ihlelwe!
Ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo kulula kakhulu (ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona isiRashiya). Ngemuva kokuqala, Umbuso uzokusiza ukuba ukhethe imidiya yokuskena. I-interface yenzelwe isitayela esinjalo ukuthi ngisho nomsebenzisi ongakulungele uyozizwa eqiniseka kakhulu, idijithali iyomqondisa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo bese isiza ukwaziswa okulahlekile.
Isithombe sesikrini:
15. Umsindisi
Iwebhusayithi: //rlab.ru/tools/rsaver.html
OS: Windows 2000/2003 / XP / Vista / Windows 7
Incazelo:
Okokuqala, lolu hlelo lukhululekile (ucabangela ukuthi kunezinhlelo ezimbili kuphela zamahhala zokuthola ulwazi, futhi lokhu kuyimpikiswano enhle).
Okwesibili, ukusekelwa okugcwele kolimi lwesiRussia.
Okwesithathu, kubonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Uhlelo lusekela izinhlelo zefayela le-FAT ne-NTFS. Ungabuyisa imibhalo ngemuva kokufometha noma ukususwa ngengozi. I-interface ibonakala ngesitayela se "minimalism". Ukuskena kuqalwe ngenkinobho eyodwa kuphela (uhlelo luzokhetha ukulungiswa kwezilungiselelo kanye nezilungiselelo zodwa).
Isithombe sesikrini:
16. Recuva
Iwebhusayithi: //www.piriform.com/recuva
OS: Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7/8
Incazelo:
Uhlelo olulula (futhi lukhululekile), olwenzelwa umsebenzisi ongakulungele. Ngalo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ungabuyisa izinhlobo eziningi zamafayela kusuka kumidiya ahlukahlukene.
I-Recuva isihlola ngokushesha i-disk (noma i-flash drive), bese inikeza uhlu lwamafayela angatholakala. Ngendlela, amafayela amakwe ngamakaki (afundwa kahle, kusho ukuthi kulula ukubuyisela; ukufundwa okuphakathi-amathuba amathuba amancane, kodwa akhona; angafundwa kahle - kunamathuba ambalwa, kodwa ungazama).
Ngendlela yokubuyisela amafayela kusuka ku-flash drive, ngaphambili kubhulogi kwakuyi-athikili mayelana nale nsiza:
Isithombe sesikrini:
17. Renee Undeleter
Iwebhusayithi: //www.reneelab.com/
OS: Windows XP / Vista / 7/8
Incazelo:
Uhlelo olulula kakhulu lokuthola ulwazi. Iklanyelwe ukubuyisela izithombe, izithombe, ezinye izinhlobo zamadokhumenti. Okungenani, kubonakala kulokhu okungcono kunezinye izinhlelo eziningi zalolu hlobo.
Futhi kulesi sakhiwo kukhona okunye okuthakazelisayo - ukudalwa kwesithombe sedisk. Kungaba usizo kakhulu, isipele asikhanselwa okwamanje!
Isithombe sesikrini:
18. I-Restorer Ultimate Pro Network
Iwebhusayithi: //www.restorer-ultimate.com/
OS: Windows: 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 2008 / 7/8
Incazelo:
Lolu hlelo lubuyela emuva kuma-2000s. Ngaleso sikhathi, Umbuso we-Restorer 2000 wawuthandwa, ngendlela, hhayi kabi kakhulu. Kwathathwa indawo yi-Restorer Ultimate. Ngombono wami othobekile, lolu hlelo luyingxenye engcono kakhulu yokuthola ulwazi olulahlekile (kanye nokusekelwa kolimi lwesiRashiya).
Inguqulo yobuchwepheshe yalolu hlelo isekela ukutakula nokuvuselelwa kwedatha ye-RAID (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinkimbinkimbi kangakanani); Kukhona ikhono lokubuyisela izingxenye zokuthi uhlelo luphawula njengeRaw (engafundiwe).
Ngendlela, ngosizo lolu hlelo ungaxhuma kwideskithophu yenye ikhompyutha bese uzama ukuthola amafayela kuwo!
Isithombe sesikrini:
19. R-Studio
Iwebhusayithi: //www.r-tt.com/
OS: Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 7/8
Incazelo:
I-R-Studio cishe uhlelo oludumile kunazo zonke lokuthola ulwazi olususiwe kusuka ku-disk / flash drive / imemori amakhadi nakweminye imidiya. Uhlelo lusebenza ngokumangalisa nje, kungenzeka ukuthi lilulame ngisho nalawo mafayili "awazange aphuphe" ngaphambi kokusungula uhlelo.
Amathuba:
1. Sekela wonke ama-Windows OS (ngaphandle kwalokhu: i-Macintosh, i-Linux ne-UNIX);
2. Kungenzeka ukubuyisela idatha phezu kwe-intanethi;
3. Ukusekela kuphela inombolo enkulu yezinhlelo zefayela: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, NTFS5 (idalwe noma iguquliwe ku-Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / Win7), i-HFS / HFS (i-Macintosh), i-Little ne-Big Endian UFS1 / UFS2 (FreeBSD / OpenBSD / NetBSD / Solaris) ne-Ext2 / Ext3 / Ext4 FS (Linux);
4. Ikhono lokubuyiselwa izigcawu ze-RAID disk;
5. Ukudala ama-disk izithombe. Isithombe esinjalo, ngendlela, singacindezelwa futhi sishiswe ku-USB flash drive noma enye i-disk eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isithombe sesikrini:
UFS Explorer
Iwebhusayithi: //www.ufsexplorer.com/download_pro.php
OS: Windows XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8 (ukusekelwa okugcwele kwe-OS 32 no-64-bit).
Incazelo:
Uhlelo lochwepheshe olwenzelwe ukuthola ulwazi. Kuhlanganisa iqoqo elikhulu lamadijithi azosiza ezimweni eziningi:
- Yehlisa - sesha futhi ubuyisele amafayela asusiwe;
- Ukuphumula okusheshayo - ukusesha izingxenye ze-disk ezilahlekile;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwe-RAID;
- imisebenzi yokuthola amafayela ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwegciwane, ukufometha, ukwahlukanisa i-disk enzima, njll.
Isithombe sesikrini:
21. I-Wondershare Data Recovery
Iwebhusayithi: //www.wondershare.com/
OS: I-Windows 8, 7
Incazelo:
I-Wondershare Data Recovery iyihlelo elinamandla kakhulu elizokusiza ukuthi uphinde ususe, amafomethi afomethiwe kusuka kukhompyutha yakho, idrayivu yangaphandle, ifoni ephathekayo, ikhamera namanye amadivaysi.
Ngiyajabula ngokuba khona kolimi lwaseRussia nolwazi oluhle oluzokuqondisa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngemuva kokuqala uhlelo, unikezwa amadijithi angu-4 ukukhetha kusuka:
1. Ukubuyiswa kwefayela;
2. Ukuphumula okukhulu;
3. Buyisela ukwahlukana kwama diski;
4. Ukuvuselelwa.
Bona umfanekiso wesithombe ngezansi.
Isithombe sesikrini:
22. Ukubuyiswa kwe-Zero Assumption
Iwebhusayithi: //www.z-a-recovery.com/
OS: Windows NT / 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 7
Incazelo:
Lolu hlelo luhlukile kwezinye eziningi ngoba lisekela amagama amafayela aseRashiya amakhulu. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu lapho ululameka (kwezinye izinhlelo uzobona "kryakozabry" esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zaseRussia, njengalezi).
Uhlelo lusekela izinhlelo zefayela: FAT16 / 32 kanye ne-NTFS (kufaka phakathi i-NTFS5). Okunye okuphawulekayo ukusekelwa kwamagama amafayili ende, ukusekelwa kwezilimi eziningi, ikhono lokubuyisela izigcawu ze-RAID.
Imodi yokusesha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ezithombeni ze-digital. Uma ubuyisela amafayili amafayili - qiniseka ukuthi uzama lolu hlelo, ukulungiswa kwayo okumangalisa nje!
Uhlelo lungasebenza ngokuhlaselwa kwegciwane, ukufometha okungalungile, nokususwa okungafanele kwamafayela, njll. Kunconywa ukuthi kube khona kulabo abangavamile (noma abangekho) amafayela wokulondoloza.
Isithombe sesikrini:
Yilokho kuphela. Kwesinye sezihloko ezilandelayo ngizofakazela lesi sihloko ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa okusebenzayo, yiziphi izinhlelo eziye zakwazi ukubuyisela ulwazi. Yiba ngempelasonto enkulu futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nokusekela okudingayo ngakho akudingeki ukuthi ubuyisele noma yini ...
