I-motherboard inakho konke ikhompyutha futhi ingenye yezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko. Ezinye izingxenye zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zixhunyiwe kulo, zakha uhlelo olulodwa. Ingxenye engenhla iqoqo le-chips nezixhumi ezihlukahlukene ezisendaweni efanayo yephalethi futhi ehlangene. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemininingwane esemqoka yebhodi lebhodi.
Bheka futhi: Ukukhetha i-motherboard ikhompyutha
Izingxenye zomama wekhompyutha
Cishe wonke umsebenzisi uyaqonda indima yebhodi le-motherboard ku-PC, kodwa kukhona amaqiniso angaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Sincoma ukuthi ufunde esinye isihloko esihlokweni esingezansi ukuze ufunde lesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe, kepha sibuyele ekuhlaziyweni kwezingxenye.
Funda kabanzi: Indima yebhodi le-motherboard kwikhompyutha
I-Chipset
Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngesici sokuxhuma - i-chipset. Isakhiwo salo sinezinhlobo ezimbili, ezihlukile ekuxhumaneni kwamabhuloho. Amabhuloho angasenyakatho naseningizimu angahamba ngokwahlukana noma ahlanganiswe zibe sisistimu eyodwa. Ngamunye wabo ugibele izilawuli ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ibhuloho eliseningizimu linikeza ukuxhumeka kwemishini yensimbi, iqukethe abalawuli be-hard disk. Ibhuloho elisenyakatho lisebenza njengesici sokuhlanganiswa kwiprosesa, ikhadi lemifanekiso, i-RAM, nezinto ezilawulwa ibhuloho eliseningizimu.
Ngenhla, sinikeze isixhumanisi esihlokweni esithi "Indlela yokukhetha i-motherboard." Kuyo, ungazijwayeza ukuguqulwa nokuhlukana kwama-chipsets kusuka kubakhiqizi abakhiwe.
Isixhumi seprosesa
Isixhumi seprosesa yilona isixhumanisi lapho le ngxenye ifakiwe khona ngempela. Manje abakhiqizi abakhulu be-CPU yi-AMD ne-Intel, ngayinye yayo eyenze amasokhethi ahlukile, ngakho-ke imodeli yebhodi le-motherboard ikhethwe ngesisekelo se-CPU ekhethiwe. Ngokuqondene nomxhumanisi ngokwawo, kuyisikwele esincane nabaningi oxhumana nabo. Kusukela phezulu, isidleke simbozwe nge-plate yensimbi enomnikazi - lokhu kusiza umseshi ukuba ahlale esidlekeni.
Bheka futhi: Ukufaka iprosesa ebhodini le-motherboard
Ngokuvamile, isikhwama se-CPU_FAN sokwenza ukupholisa sitholakale eduze kwayo, futhi ebhodini ngokwawo kukhona imigodi emine yokufakwa kwayo.
Bheka futhi: Ukufakwa nokususwa kwe-CPU epholile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezisekelo, eziningi zazo azihambisani, ngoba zine oxhumana nabo abahlukile kanye nefomu lesici. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungathola kanjani lesi sici, funda ezinye izinto zethu ezixhumaneni ngezansi.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe:
Siyaqaphela isixhumi seprosesa
Qaphela isitifiketi se-motherboard
I-PCI ne-PCI-Express
Isifinyezo se-PCI sichazwe ngokoqobo futhi sihunyushwe ngokuthi ukuxhumeka kwezingxenye zendawo. Leli gama linikezwe ibhasi elihambelana ne-motherboard yekhompiyutha. Inhloso yaso eyinhloko yilokufaka kanye nokukhipha kolwazi. Kunezinguquko eziningana ze-PCI, ngayinye yazo ihlukaniswe yi-bandwidth ye-peak, i-voltage nefomu lesici. Amathrekhi we-TV, amakhadi azwile, ama-adapter we-SATA, amamodemu namakhadi wevidiyo amadala axhuma kule connector. I-PCI-Express isebenzisa kuphela imodeli yesofthiwe ye-PCI, kodwa imklamo entsha yokuxhuma amadivaysi amaningi ahlukahlukene. Kuye ngesici sefomu lesitokisi, amakhadi wevidiyo, ama-SSD, ama-adapter enethiwekhi angenazintambo, amakhadi womsindo ochwepheshe kanye nokuningi okuningi axhunyiwe kuwo.
Inombolo ye-PCI ne-PCI-E emabhokisini amameya ahluka. Uma ukhetha, udinga ukunaka incazelo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izintambo ezidingekayo ziyatholakala.
Bheka futhi:
Sixhuma ikhadi levidyo kubhodi yama-PC
Ukukhetha ikhadi lehluzo ngaphansi kwebhodi le-motherboard
RAM slots
Izitshalo zokufaka i-RAM zibizwa ngokuthi ama-DIMM. Zonke amabhodi wamamanje zanamuhla zisebenzisa kahle le fomu yefomu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zayo, zihluka ngokwenani loxhumana nabo futhi azihambisani. Lapho oxhumana nabo behamba phambili, i-plate entsha yempuphu isanda kufakwa kwisixhumanisi esinjalo. Okwamanje, okwangempela ukuguqulwa kwe-DDR4. Njengokwimeko ye-PCI, inani le-DIMM lezintambo kumamodeli we-motherboard ahlukile. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu ngezixhumi ezimbili noma ezine, okuvumela ukuthi usebenze kumodi yesiteshi emibili noma emine.
Bheka futhi:
Ukufaka amamojula we-RAM
Hlola ukuhambisana kwe-RAM ne-motherboard
I-BIOS chip
Abasebenzisi abaningi bajwayele i-BIOS. Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa ngomqondo onjalo ngokokuqala ngqa, sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele nezinye izinto esikulesi sihloko, ozothola kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Funda kabanzi: Kuyini i-BIOS
Ikhodi ye-BIOS itholakala ku-chip ehlukile ehlanganiswe ebhodini le-motherboard. Ibizwa nge-EEPROM. Lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo lusekela idatha eminingi yokukhipha nokubhala, kodwa kunomthamo omncane kunalokho. Esikrinini esingezansi ungabona ukuthi i-chip ye-BIOS ibheka kanjani ibhodi le-motherboard.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani wemingcele ye-BIOS igcinwa ku-chip memory ebizwa ngokuthi i-CMOS. Iphinde ibhale amalungiselelo amakhompyutha athile. Lesi sici sondliwe ngebhethri ehlukile, ukushintshwa okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezilungiselelo ze-BIOS kuzilungiselelo zefektri.
Bheka futhi: Ukufaka ibhethri ebhodini le-motherboard
Izixhumi ze-SATA ne-IDE
Ngaphambili, ukushayela okunamandla kanye nokushayela okukhanyayo kuxhunywe kukhompyutha usebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-IDE (ATA) esisebhodi le-motherboard.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxhuma idrayivu ebhodini le-motherboard
Manje okuvame kakhulu yizixhumi ze-SATA zemibukiso ehlukene, ehlukile ikakhulukazi ekuvinjisweni kwedatha. I-interfaces ecatshangelwe isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amadivayisi wesitoreji (i-HDD noma i-SSD). Uma ukhetha izingxenye, kubalulekile ukucubungula inani lala machwethi ebhodini le-motherboard, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi livela ezicucini ezimbili nangaphezulu.
Bheka futhi:
Izindlela zokuxhuma i-hard drive yesibili kukhompyutha
Sixhuma i-SSD kwikhompyutha noma ephathekayo
Izixhumi zamandla
Ngaphezu kwezintambo ezihlukahlukene kule nxenye kunezixhumi ezihlukahlukene zokunikezwa kwamandla. Okukhulu kunabo bonke yi-port ye-motherboard ngokwayo. Kukhona ikhebula elixhunyiwe kusuka ekunikezeni amandla, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okwanele kagesi kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye.
Funda kabanzi: Sixhuma ukunikezwa kwamandla ebhodini le-motherboard
Wonke amakhompyutha akhona, afaka nezinkinobho ezahlukene, izinkomba kanye nezixhumi. Amandla abo axhunyiwe ngokusebenzisa oxhumana nabo abahlukene bePhaneli Lephambi.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxhuma iphaneli langaphambili ku-motherboard
Izixhumi ezihlukanisiwe ezihlukanisiwe nge-USB-interfaces. Ngokuvamile banamaxhumana ayisishiyagalolunye noma ayishumi. Ukuxhumeka kwabo kungahlukahluka, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo ngaphambi kokuqala umhlangano.
Bheka futhi:
Ukuxhumeka kokuxhumeka komama webhodi
Xhumana ne-PWR_FAN ebhodini le-motherboard
Ukungena kwangaphakathi
Yonke imishini yekhompuyutha yokuxhumana ixhunywe ku-motherboard ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile. Ephaneli elihlangothini lebhodi lebhodi, ungabuka ama-interfaces e-USB, i-port serial, i-VGA, i-port ye-network ye-Ethernet, ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic kanye nokufaka lapho ikhebuli kusuka kumakrofoni, i-headphone kanye nezikhulumi kufakwa. On imodeli ngayinye yeqoqo ingxenye yexhumene ihlukile.
Sihlolisisile ngokuningiliziwe izingxenye eziyinhloko zebhodi le-motherboard. Njengoba ubona, kunezintambo eziningi, iziphuphu kanye nezixhumi zokunikezwa kwamandla, izingxenye zangaphakathi kanye nemishini yokusebenza kwiphaneli. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi olunikeziwe ngenhla lukusize ukuba uqonde isakhiwo salesi sigaba se-PC.
Bheka futhi:
Okufanele ukwenze uma i-motherboard ingaqali
Vula i-motherboard ngaphandle kwenkinobho
Amaphutha amakhulu ebhodi le-motherboard
Imiyalo yokufaka ama-capacitors ebhodini le-motherboard
