Ngifunda ngomoya ophefumulayo futhi nganquma ukuhumusha. Lesi sihloko siyiqiniso, ezingeni leqiniso leKomsomol, kodwa lingasithakazelisa.
Cishe ngonyaka odlule, uStephen Jakisa wayenezinkinga ezinkulu nekhompyutha yakhe. Baqala lapho efaka iMpi Yezempi 3 - ibhulogi lomuntu wokuqala, lapho isenzo senzeke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngokushesha, izinkinga zazingekho kumdlalo kuphela, kodwa isiphequluli sakhe siphinde saphazamisa njalo imizuzu engu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengakwazi ngisho nokufaka noma yiziphi izinhlelo ku-PC yakhe.
Kwaze kwafika ukuthi uStephen ungumqambi womsebenzi, futhi umuntu owazi kahle ubuchwepheshe, wanquma ukuthi "ubambe" igciwane noma, mhlawumbe, ufake uhlobo oluthile lwesofthiwe enezimbungulu ezibucayi. Ngenkinga, wanquma ukubuyela kumngane wakhe uJohn Stefanovichi (u-Ioan Stevanovici), owayengumhlahlandlela ekuthembekeni kwekhompyutha.
Ngemva kokuthola isifo esifushane, uStephen noJohane bathola inkinga - inkumbulo embi ekhompyutheni kaJakis. Njengoba ikhompiyutha isebenza kahle cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba kuvele inkinga, uStefen akazange asolise izinkinga zehadiwe kuze kube yilapho umngane wakhe emncenga ukuthi asebenze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kokuhlaziywa kwememori. KuStefanu, lokhu kwakungavamile. Njengoba yena ngokwakhe ethi: "Uma lokhu kwenzeka kumuntu osemgwaqeni, nomuntu ongazi lutho ngamakhompyutha, kungenzeka ukuthi uzothola ekufeni."
Ngemuva kokuthi uJakis asuse imodemu yezinkumbulo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikhompyutha yakhe yayisebenza kahle.
Lapho amakhompiyutha ephuka, ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi kunezinkinga nge-software. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ososayensi bekhompiyutha sebeqalile ukukhokha ukunakekelwa kwezinto ze-hardware futhi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi izinkinga ngenxa yazo zenzeka kaningi kunabantu abaningi abakucabangayo.
Amaphutha aphansi
Isikrini esibomvu sokufa ku-Windows 8
Abenzi be-Chip benza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlola i-chips zabo ngaphambi kokuba bafake emakethe, kodwa abafuni ukukhuluma ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-microchips isebenza isikhathi eside. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-70 leminyaka eledlule, abenzi be-chip bazi ukuthi izinkinga eziningi ze-hardware zingabangelwa ushintsho esimweni sezinkampani ngaphakathi kwe-microprocessors. Njengoba ubukhulu be-transistors buyancipha, ukuziphatha kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhwayo kuzo kuba yinto encane engabonakali. Abakhiqizi babiza amaphutha anjalo "iphutha elithambile", nakuba ahlobene ne-software.
Kodwa-ke, lezi amaphutha ezithambile ziyingxenye yenkinga: eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, abacwaningi, befunda izinhlelo zekhompyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinkulu, baye baphetha ngokuthi ezimweni eziningi imishini yekhompiyutha esiyisebenzisayo ivele iphukile. Ukushisa okuphezulu noma ukukhubazeka okukhiqiza kungenza izingxenye zomboni zihluleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zivumele ama-electron ukuba agijime ngokukhululekile phakathi kwezinguquko noma iziteshi ze-chip eyenzelwe ukudluliswa kwedatha.
Ososayensi abathintekayo ekwakhiweni kwesizukulwane esilandelayo se-computer chips babonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana namaphutha anjalo futhi esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalesi nkinga amandla. Njengoba isizukulwane esilandelayo sekhompiyutha sikhiqizwa, zithola izinhlamvu eziningi nezinsimbi ezincane. Futhi, ngaphakathi kwalezi zintambo ezincane, kudingwa amandla amaningi ukuze kugcinwe izinsimbi ngaphakathi kwazo.
Inkinga ixhunywe ne-physics eyisisekelo. Njengoba abakhiqizi be-microchip bathumela ama-electron eziteshini ezincane namancane, ama-electron nje aphuma kuwo. Ezincane iziteshi zokuqhuba, ama-electron amaningi angakwazi "ukugeleza" futhi amandla engeziwe ayadingeka ukuze kusebenze ngokujwayelekile kwamakhompyutha. Le nkinga inzima kangangokuthi i-Intel isebenza noMnyango Wezamandla wase-US kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ukuxazulula. Esikhathini esizayo, i-Intel ihlela ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-5-nm yokwenza amaphuphu azoba ngaphezu kuka-1000 izikhathi eziphakeme ekusebenzeni kulabo abalindelwe ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi iziphuphu ezinjalo zizodinga amandla amaningi.
"Siyazi ukwenza izinkukhu ezinjalo uma ungakhathazeki ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla," kusho uMark Seager, isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe bezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-Intel, "Kodwa uma usicela ukuba siphendule lo mbuzo futhi, ngaphezu kwamakhono ethu ezobuchwepheshe. "
Kubasebenzisi bekhompuyutha abavamile, njengoStephen Jakis, izwe lamaphutha anjalo yindawo engaziwa. Abenzi be-chip abafuni ukukhuluma ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihluleka kaningi kangakanani, bakhetha ukugcina le mininingwane imfihlo.
