Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Excel abawuboni umehluko emkhatsini wemibono ye "cell format" kanye "nohlobo lwedatha". Eqinisweni, lokhu akude kakhulu nemibono efanayo, nakuba kunjalo, baxhumana nabo. Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zedatha, yiziphi izigaba abahlukaniswe ngazo, nokuthi ungabasebenzisana kanjani nabo.
Uhlobo lokwaziswa kwedatha
Uhlobo lwedatha luyisici sokwaziswa okugcinwe kushidi. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo, lolu hlelo lunikeza indlela yokucubungula inani.
Izinhlobo zedatha zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili: ama-constants namafomula. Umehluko phakathi kwalaba ababili ukuthi amafomula akhiqiza ukubaluleka esitokisini, okungahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izimpikiswano kwamanye amaseli ziyashintsha kanjani. Amakhomithana angamagugu ahlale engaguquki.
Kanti, izingcindezi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amahlanu:
- Umbhalo;
- Idatha yemininingwane;
- Usuku nesikhathi;
- Idatha eqondayo;
- Amanani angalungile.
Thola ukuthi ngayiphi yalezi zinhlobo zedatha imelela ngeminye imininingwane.
Isifundo: Ungashintsha kanjani ifomethi yeseli ku-Excel
Amanani wombhalo
Uhlobo lwombhalo luqukethe idatha yomlingisi futhi alubhekwa njenge-Excel njengento yezibalo zezibalo. Lolu lwazi luyisisekelo somsebenzisi, hhayi lohlelo. Umbhalo ungaba yizinhlamvu, kufaka phakathi izinombolo, uma zifomathiwe kahle. Ku-DAX, lolu hlobo lwedatha lubhekisela kumagugu ezinhlamvu. Ubude obude bombhalo yizinhlamvu ezingu-268435456 kuseli elilodwa.
Ukufaka inkulumo yezinhlamvu, khetha iseli yombhalo noma ifomethi evamile lapho izogcinwa khona, bese uthayipha umbhalo kusuka kwikhibhodi. Uma ubude bezwi lombhalo luwela ngaphezu kwemingcele ebonakalayo yeseli, khona-ke kuphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwalabo abasondelene nabo, nakuba kubhalwe ngokomzimba esitokisini sokuqala.
Idatha yenombolo
Ukubala okuqondile usebenzisa idatha yenombolo. Kungenxa yabo ukuthi i-Excel yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezibalo (ukuhlanganisa, ukususa, ukubuyabuyelela, ukwahlukana, ukuxubusha, ukukhipha izimpande, njll). Lolu hlobo lwedatha luhloswe kuphela ngezinombolo zokubhala, kodwa lungase luqukethe nezinhlamvu ezingasiza (%, $, njll). Ngokuphathelene nayo ungasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zamafomethi:
- Empeleni izinombolo;
- Isilinganiso senzalo;
- Imali;
- Izezimali;
- Ukuhlunga;
- Exponential.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Excel inekhono lokuhlukanisa izinombolo ngamadijithi, futhi unqume inani lamadijithi ngemuva kwephuzu lemasimali (ngezinombolo ezincane).
Idatha yemininingwane ingenwe ngendlela efanayo namanani ombhalo esiwakhulume ngenhla.
Usuku nesikhathi
Olunye uhlobo lwedatha yisikhathi nesikhathi sosuku. Yilokho kanye lapho izinhlobo zedatha namafomethi kufana. Kubonakala ukuthi ingasetshenziselwa ukubonisa eshidi bese yenza izibalo ngezikhathi nangezikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi kwezibalo lolu hlobo lwedatha kuthatha usuku ngalunye. Futhi lokhu akukhathazi nje kuphela izinsuku, kodwa futhi isikhathi. Isibonelo, i-12:30 ibhekwa njengalolu suku njengezinsuku ezingu-0.52083, futhi kuphela lapho kuboniswa esitokisini ngendlela ejwayele umsebenzisi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokufometha kwesikhathi:
- h: mm: ss;
- h: mm;
- h: mm: ss AM / PM;
- h: mm AM / PM, njll.
Isimo sifana nezinsuku:
- DD.MM.YYYY;
- DD.MMM
- I-MMM.GG nabanye.
Kukhona amafomethi wesikhathi nosuku oluhlangene, isibonelo, i-DD: MM: YYYY h: mm.
Kumele ucabange ukuthi lolu hlelo lubonisa njengezinsuku kuphela izindinganiso eziqala ngo 01/01/1900.
Isifundo: Indlela yokuguqula amahora amaminithi ku-Excel
Idatha eqondayo
Okuthakazelisayo uhlobo lwedatha enengqondo. Isebenza ngamanani amabili kuphela: "TRUE" futhi "FALSE". Uma upheqa ngokweqile, kusho ukuthi "umcimbi ufikile" futhi "umcimbi awuzange ufike." Imisebenzi, ukucubungula okuqukethwe kwamaseli aqukethe idatha enengqondo, yenza izibalo ezithile.
Amanani angalungile
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwedatha ngamanani angalungile. Ezimweni eziningi, zivela lapho kwenziwa ukusebenza okungalungile. Isibonelo, imisebenzi engalungile enjalo ihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa nge-zero noma ukufakwa komsebenzi ngaphandle kokulandela i-syntax yayo. Phakathi kwamagugu angalungile yilokhu okulandelayo:
- #VALUE! - ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lokuphikisana komsebenzi;
- # DEL / O! - ukuhlukaniswa ngo-0;
- # NUMBER! - idatha yezinombolo ezingalungile;
- # N / A - inani elingatholakali elitholiwe;
- # NAME? - igama elingalungile kule formula;
- # NULL! - isingeniso esingalungile samakheli ebanga;
- # LINK! - kwenzeka lapho kususwa amaseli okubhekiswe kuwo ngaphambilini.
Amafomula
Iqembu elikhulu elihlukile lezinhlobo zedatha kukhona amafomula. Ngokungafani nezikhathi, ngokuvamile, ngokuvamile, azibonakali kumaseli ngokwabo, kodwa kuphela akhiqiza umphumela, ongahluka, kuye ngokuthi ushintsho lwezimpikiswano. Ngokuyinhloko, amafomula asetshenziselwa izibalo ezahlukene zezibalo. Ifomula ngokwalo ingabonakala kubha yamatomu, igcizelela iseli lapho iqukethe khona.
Okudingekayo ukuze lolu hlelo lubone ukuthi inkulumo iyifomula kuba khona kwesibonakaliso phambi kwayo (=).
Amafomula angaqukatha izinkomba kwamanye amaseli, kodwa lokhu akuyona into ebalulekile.
Amafomu ahlukile asebenzayo. Lezi zindlela ezikhethiwe eziqukethe isethi esinqunyiwe yezimpikiswano futhi zizicubungula ngokwe-algorithm ethize. Imisebenzi ingangeniswa ngesandla kwiseli ngokuyibeka kuqala "="noma ungasebenzisa igobolondo ekhethekile yokubonisa le njongo. Umsebenzi weWebhu, equkethe lonke uhlu lwabo opharetha olutholakala ohlelweni, luhlukaniswe ngezigaba.
Ngosizo luka Amakhosi omsebenzi Ungenza ushintsho ewindini lokuphikisana lomsebenzisi othile. Idatha noma izixhumanisi zamaseli lapho le datha equkethwe khona kufakwe emasimini ayo. Ngemuva kokucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile" umsebenzi ocacisiwe wenziwa.
Isifundo: Sebenzisa ngamafomula ku-Excel
Isifundo: I-Excel Function Wizard
Njengoba ubona, ku-Excel kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zedatha: ama-constants namafomula. Futhi, zibuye zihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Uhlobo lwedatha ngayinye lunezakhiwo zalo, ngokusho ukuthi lolu hlelo lubaphatha kanjani. Ukuqaphela ikhono lokubona nokusebenza ngokufanele ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko yimuphi umsebenzisi ofuna ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-Excel ngempumelelo ekuhlosweni okuhlosiwe.
