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Umdwebo wenethiwekhi yithebula elihloswe ukudweba uhlelo lwephrojekthi nokuqapha ukusebenza kwalo. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kobuchwepheshe kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, njenge-MS Project. Kodwa emabhizinisini amancane kanye nezidingo zebhizinisi lomuntu siqu, akusizi ngalutho ukuthenga isofthiwe ekhethekile futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi efunda izinselele zokusebenza kuwo. Ngokwakhiwa kwehluzo zenethiwekhi, iprosesa ye-Excel yespredishithi, efakwe kubasebenzisi abaningi, iphumelela kakhulu. Ake sithole ukuthi singayifeza kanjani umsebenzi ongenhla kule hlelo.

Bheka futhi: Indlela yokwenza ishadi le-Gantt ku-Excel

Inqubo yokwakha ihluzo zenethiwekhi

Ukwakha inethiwekhi ku-Excel, ungasebenzisa ishadi le-Gantt. Njengoba unolwazi oludingekile, ungakha itafula lanoma yisiphi isinkimbinkimbi, kusukela esimisweni somlindi womlindi kuya kumaphrojekthi amaningi wezinga eliphezulu. Ake sibheke i-algorithm yokwenza lo msebenzi, okwenza isimiso senethiwekhi esilula.

Isigaba 1: ukwakha isakhiwo setafula

Okokuqala, udinga ukwakha isakhiwo setafula. Kuzoba uhlaka lwenethiwekhi. Izakhi ezijwayelekile zesimiso senethiwekhi ziyikholomu, ekhombisa inombolo yokulandelana komsebenzi othize, igama layo, elibhekene nokuqaliswa kwalo kanye nezinsuku zokugcina. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalezi zakhi eziyisisekelo, kungase kube khona okungeziwe ngefomu lamanothi, njll.

  1. Ngakho, singena amagama amakholomu esihlokweni esizayo setafula. Esikhathini sethu, amagama amakholomu anjengoba:
    • P / p;
    • Igama lomcimbi;
    • Umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo;
    • Idethi yokuqala;
    • Ubude besikhathi ezinsukwini;
    • Qaphela

    Uma amagama engangeni esitokisini, bese uphonsela imingcele yawo.

  2. Maka amanothi we-header bese uchofoza endaweni yokukhetha. Kuloluhlu lwamanani inani "Fometha amaseli ...".

  3. Ewindini elisha sithuthela esigabeni. "Ukuqondanisa". Endaweni "Ngokuvamile" beka inkinobho endaweni "Isikhungo". Eqenjini "Bonisa" hlola ibhokisi "Phatha ngamazwi". Lokhu kuzosizuzisa kamuva uma sizokwandisa ithebula ukuze silondoloze isikhala eshadini, sishintsha imingcele yezakhi zayo.

  4. Hambisa kuthebhu yefomathi yokufometha. "Ifonti". Ebhokisini lesethingi "Ukubhalwa" hlola ibhokisi eceleni kwepharamitha "Bold". Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze amagama amakholomu avele phakathi kolunye ulwazi. Manje chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile"ukuze ulondoloze izinguquko zokufometha ezifakiwe.

  5. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizoba yimikhawulo yetafula. Khetha amangqamuzana enegama lamakholomu, kanye nenani lemigqa engezansi, elizolingana nenani elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi ehleliwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yale phrojekthi.

  6. Kutholakala kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza kunxantathu ngakwesokudla kwesithonjana "Imingcele" ku-block "Ifonti" kwi-tape. Uhlu lokukhethwa kwehlobo lomngcele luvuleka. Siyeka ukukhetha endaweni "Yonke Imingcele".

Kulokhu, ukudalwa kwetafula kungabhekwa njengokuqedile.

Isifundo: Ukufometha amathebula e-Excel

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukudala Isikhathi

Manje sidinga ukwakha ingxenye enkulu yesimiso sethu senethiwekhi - isilinganiso sesikhathi. Kuyoba isethi yamakholomu, ngalinye elihambisana nenkathi eyodwa yephrojekthi. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi esisodwa silingana nosuku olulodwa, kodwa kunamacala lapho inani lenkathi libalwa ngamasonto, izinyanga, i-quarter kanye neminyaka.

Esikhathini sethu, sisebenzisa inketho uma isikhathi esisodwa silingana nosuku olulodwa. Senza isikali sesikhathi izinsuku ezingu-30.

  1. Iya emngceleni ongakwesokudla wokulungiselela itafula lethu. Kusukela kulo mda, sikhetha uhla lwamakholomu angu-30, futhi inani lemigqa lizolingana nenamba yemigqa engaluthola ukuthi sidale ekuqaleni.

  2. Emva kwalokho sichofoza kusithonjana "Umngcele" kumodi "Yonke Imingcele".

  3. Ukulandela ukuthi imingcele ichazwe kanjani, sizofaka amalanga esikalini sesikhathi. Ake sithi sizokuqapha iphrojekthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kusukela ngoJuni 1 kuya ku-Juni 30, 2017. Kulesi simo, igama lamakholomu esikalini sesikhathi kufanele kubekwe ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esithile esithile. Yiqiniso, ukufaka ngesandla ngezikhathi zonke kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke sizosebenzisa ithuluzi elizimele elibizwa ngokuthi yi-autocomplete "Ukuqhubeka".

    Faka usuku ibe yinto yokuqala yezimpungushe "01.06.2017". Hambisa kuthebhu "Ikhaya" bese uchofoza isithonjana "Gcwalisa". Imenyu eyengeziwe ivula lapho udinga ukukhetha into "Ukuqhubeka ...".

  4. Ukusebenza kwe-window kwenzeka "Ukuqhubeka". Eqenjini "Indawo" Inani kufanele liphawulwe "Emigqa", ngoba sizogcwalisa inhloko, enikezwe njengezintambo. Eqenjini "Thayipha" kufanele ihlolwe Izinsuku. Ku-block "Izinyathelo" kufanele ubeke inkinobho eduze kwesimo "Usuku". Endaweni "Isinyathelo" kufanele kube inkulumo yenombolo "1". Endaweni "Inani elilinganiselwe" bonisa usuku 30.06.2017. Chofoza "Kulungile".

  5. I-header array izogcwala izinsuku ezilandelanayo kusukela ebangeni likaJuni 1 kuya ku-Juni 30, 2017. Kodwa ngenxa yehluzo zenethiwekhi, sinamaseli amakhulu kakhulu, asithinta kabi ukuhlanganiswa kwetafula, ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwalo. Ngakho-ke, senza uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ithebula.
    Khetha i-cap yesigcawu sesikhathi. Sichofoza kusiqephu esikhethiwe. Kulolu hlu sima endaweni "Fometha amaseli".

  6. Ewindini lokufometha elivula, hamba kusigaba "Ukuqondanisa". Endaweni "Ukuqonda" setha inani "Ama-degree angu-90"noma uhambise isikhombisi "Ukubhalwa" up Sichofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".

  7. Emva kwalokhu, amagama amakholomu ngesimo sezinsuku ashintshe ukuma kwawo kusuka ekungeneni kuya kokuya. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana awazange ashintshe usayizi wabo, amagama awazange afundeke, ngoba awavumelani kahle nezakhi ezikhethiwe zeshidi. Ukuze ushintshe lesi simo sezindaba, siphinde sikhethe okuqukethwe kwekhanda. Sichofoza kusithonjana "Fometha"esisebhange "Amaseli". Kulolu hlu siyayeka lapho sikhetha khona "Ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho kokuphakama komugqa".

  8. Ngemuva kwesenzo esichazwe, amagama ekholomu ekuphakameni afanelekile kumingcele yeseli, kodwa amangqamuzana awanamacimbi ngaphezulu. Futhi, khetha ububanzi bezinhlamvu zekhasi lesikhathi bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Fometha". Lesi sikhathi ohlwini, khetha inketho "Ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kokuphakama kwekholomu".

  9. Manje ithebula liye lahlangene, futhi izakhi zegridi ziye zaba square.

Isigaba sesi-3: ukugcwalisa idatha

Okulandelayo udinga ukugcwalisa idatha yetafula.

  1. Buyela emuva ekuqaleni kwetafula uphinde ugcwalise ikholomu. "Igama lomcimbi" amagama wemisebenzi ehlelwe ukuthi yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kweprojekthi. Futhi ekholomu elilandelayo sifaka amagama abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo abazoba necala lokuqaliswa komsebenzi kumcimbi othize.

  2. Emva kwalokho kufanele ugcwalise ikholomu. "P / p inombolo". Uma kunezenzakalo ezimbalwa, lokhu kungenziwa ngokufaka izinombolo ngesandla. Kodwa uma uhlela ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, khona-ke bekuyoba ngaphezulu ukuqonda ukuphefumula ngokuzenzakalela. Ukwenza lokhu, faka inamba yokuqala yenkomba ye-ikholomu "1". Sithumela isikhombisi emkhawulweni ongezansi ongakwesokudla kwesici, silinde isikhathi lapho siguqulelwa esiphambanweni. Ngesikhathi esisodwa sibamba isihluthulelo Ctrl futhi ushiye inkinobho yegundane, donsela ukuwela phansi emngceleni ophansi wetafula.

  3. Ikholomu lonke lizogcwaliswa ngamagugu ngokulandelana.

  4. Okulandelayo, iya kukholomu "Usuku Lokuqala". Lapha kufanele ucacise usuku lokuqala komcimbi ngamunye. Siyakwenza. Kukholomu "Ubude besikhathi ezinsukwini" sikhombisa inani lezinsuku okumelwe lisetshenziselwe ukuxazulula lo msebenzi.

  5. Kukholomu "Amanothi" Ungakwazi ukugcwalisa idatha njengoba kudingeka, ukucacisa izici zomsebenzi othize. Ukufaka ulwazi kule kholomu kungakhethwa kukho konke imicimbi.

  6. Bese ukhetha wonke amaseli etafuleni lethu, ngaphandle kwekhanda kanye negridi enezinsuku. Sichofoza kusithonjana "Fometha" ku-tape, esesivele sibhekene nayo, chofoza isikhundla ohlwini oluvula "Ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kokuphakama kwekholomu".

  7. Ngemuva kwalokho, ububanzi bekholomu yezinto ezikhethiwe kuncishisiwe kuze kube ngosayizi weseli, lapho ubude bwedatha buqhathaniswa khona nezinye izakhi zekholomu. Ngakho, ukulondoloza isikhala kushidi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esihlokweni setafula amagama adluliselwa ngokusho kwezakhi zekhasi angakutholi ububanzi. Lokhu kwavela ngenxa yokuthi ngaphambili sasiqede ipharamitha ngesimo samaseli ekhanda. "Phatha ngamazwi".

Isigaba 4: Ukufometha okunemibandela

Esikhathini esilandelayo sokusebenza nenethiwekhi, kufanele sigcwalise umbala walawo maseli gridi ahambisana nesikhathi somcimbi othize. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokufometha okunemibandela.

  1. Siphawula lonke uhlu lwamaseli angenalutho esikalini sesikhathi, esimelelwa njengegridi yezici ezinemibala.

  2. Chofoza kusithonjana "Ukufometha okunemibandela". Itholakala ku-block. "Izitayela" Emva kwalokho uhlu luzovuleka. Kufanele ukhethe okukhethwa kukho "Dala umthetho".

  3. Ukwethulwa kwewindi lapho ufuna ukwakha khona umthetho kwenzeka. Endaweni yokuzikhethela uhlobo lokubusa, hlola ibhokisi elisho ukusetshenziswa kwefomu ukuqoka izakhi ezifomathiwe Ensimini "Fometha amanani" sidinga ukusetha umthetho wokukhetha, omelelwe njengendlela ifomula. Ngesimo sethu esithile, sizobukeka kanje:

    = Futhi (G $ 1> = $ D2; G $ 1 <= ($ D2 + $ E2-1))

    Kodwa ukuze uguqulwe le fomula kanye nesimiso sakho senethiwekhi, okungenzeka sibe nezinye izixhumanisi, kudingeka sidonsa ifomula ebhaliwe.

    "Futhi" kuyinto umsebenzi we-Excel owakhelwe ngaphakathi ohlola uma wonke amanani angenwe njengoba izingqinamba zawo ziyiqiniso. I-syntax yile:

    = Futhi (okuqondakalayo_kubekiwe1; okuqondakalayo_ukuvunywa2; ...)

    Kuphelele, kuze kufike ku-255 amanani anengqondo asetshenziswa njengezingxabano, kodwa sidinga ezimbili kuphela.

    Ukuphikisana kokuqala kubhaliwe njengesenzo. "G $ 1> = $ D2". Ihlola ukuthi ukubaluleka kwesikali sesikhathi sikhulu kunazo zonke noma kulingana nenani elihambelana nosuku lokuqala lomcimbi othize. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumanisa kokuqala kule nkulumo kubhekisela esitokisini sokuqala komugqa ngesikhathi sokukala, futhi okwesibili kuya kwento yokuqala yekholomu ngosuku lokuqala lomcimbi. I-dollar isignali ($) isethwe ngokuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izixhumanisi zefomula, ezinaloluphawu, aziguquki, kodwa zihlale ziphelele. Futhi ngecala lakho kufanele ufake izimpawu zama dollar ezindaweni ezifanele.

    Iphikisana yesibili limelelwa yile nkulumo "G $ 1˂ = ($ D2 + $ E2-1)". Uhlola ukuthola isibonakaliso esikalini sesikhathi (G $ 1) yayingaphansi noma elingana nosuku lokuphothulwa komsebenzi ($ D2 + $ E2-1). Isibonakaliso esikalini sesikhathi sibalwa njengamazwi asedlule, futhi usuku lokuqedela iphrojekthi lubalwa ngokungeza idethi yokuqala komsebenzi ($ D2) kanye nobude bayo ezinsukwini ($ E2). Ukuze ufake usuku lokuqala lweprojekthi ngenani lezinsuku, i-unit inqunywe kule mali. Isibonakaliso se-dollar sinendima efanayo nalokho okushiwo ngaphambili.

    Uma zombili izingxabano zefomula ezethuliwe ziyiqiniso, ukufometha okunemibandela ngendlela yokugcwalisa ngombala kuzosetshenziselwa amaseli.

    Ukukhetha umbala othize wokugcwalisa, chofoza inkinobho. "Fometha ...".

  4. Ewindini elisha sithuthela esigabeni. "Gcwalisa". Eqenjini "I-Background Colors" Izinketho ezihlukahlukene ze-shading zihanjiswa. Sigcizelela umbala esiwufunayo, ukuze amaseli ezinsuku ezihambelana nesikhathi somsebenzi othile aqokonyiswe. Isibonelo, khetha uhlaza. Emva komthunzi kubonakala endle "Isibonelo"ukunamathela "Kulungile".

  5. Ngemuva kokubuyela ewindini lokudala indalo, sidlala futhi inkinobho. "Kulungile".

  6. Ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokugcina, igridi yenethiwekhi isetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nesikhathi somcimbi othile odwetshiwe ohlaza.

Kulokhu, ukudalwa kwesevisi yenethiwekhi kungathathwa njengokuphelele.

Isifundo: Ukufometha okunemibandela ku-Microsoft Excel

Ngenqubo, sakha isimiso senethiwekhi. Lokhu akuyona kuphela okuhlukile kwetafula elinjalo elingadalwa ku-Excel, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zalo msebenzi zihlala zingashintshi. Ngakho-ke, uma ngabe ufisa, umsebenzisi ngamunye angathuthukisa ithebula elilethwe esibonelweni sesidingo sabo esithile.

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