Ukufaka i-Ubuntu Server akufani kakhulu nokufaka inguqulo yedeskithophu yale nqubo yokusebenza, kodwa abasebenzisi abaningi basesaba ngokuzimela ukufaka inguqulo yesiphakeli ye-OS kwidiski enzima. Lokhu kulungile, kodwa inqubo yokufaka ngeke ibangele ubunzima uma usebenzisa imiyalelo yethu.
Faka Ubuntu Server
I-Ubuntu Server ingafakwa kuma-computer amaningi, ngoba i-OS isekela izakhiwo zokucubungula kakhulu zeprosesa:
- AMD64;
- I-Intel x86;
- I-ARM.
Nakuba inguqulo yesiphakeli ye-OS idinga ubuncane bamandla we-PC, izidingo zesistimu azikwazi ukuphuthelwa:
- I-RAM - 128 MB;
- Imvamisa yeprosesa - 300 MHz;
- Umthamo wememori ohleliwe ungu-500 MB onokufakwa okuyisisekelo noma i-1 GB ngokugcwele.
Uma izici zedivayisi yakho zihlangabezana nezidingo, ungaqhubeka ngokuqondile ukufaka Ubuntu Server.
Isinyathelo 1: Landa i-Ubuntu Server
Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ulayishe isithombe se-server se-Ubuntu ngokwayo ukuze usishise ku-flash drive. Ukulanda kufanele kube kuphela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yesistimu yokusebenza, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela uzothola umhlangano ongenakulinganiswa, ngaphandle kwamaphutha abalulekile kanye nezibuyekezo zakamuva.
Landa i-Ubuntu Server kusayithi elisemthethweni
Esakhiweni ungalanda izinguqulo ezimbili ze-OS (16.04 no-14.04) ngezintwana ezijulile (64-bit no-32-bit) ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi esihambelanayo.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukwakha i-flash bootable drive
Ngemva kokulanda enye yezinguqulo ze-Ubuntu Server kwikhompyutheni yakho, udinga ukudala idrayivu ye-USB ye-bootable. Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esincane. Uma ungakaze urekhode isithombe se-ISO esiteshini se-flash flash, khona-ke kuwebhusayithi yethu kunesihloko esilandelayo, equkethe imiyalelo eningiliziwe.
Funda kabanzi: Indlela yokudala idrayivu ye-USB ye-bootable ngokusabalalisa kwe-Linux
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukuqala i-PC kusuka ku-flash drive
Uma ufaka noma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqalisa ikhompiyutha kusukela ekushayweni kwesithombe sesistimu. Lesi sigaba ngezinye izikhathi sinenkinga kakhulu kumsebenzisi ongenalwazi, ngenxa yokungafani phakathi kwezinguquko ezahlukene ze-BIOS. Sinezo zonke izinto ezidingekayo kusayithi lethu, ngencazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokuqala ikhompyutha kusuka ku-flash drive.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe:
Ungamisa kanjani izinguqulo ezihlukile ze-BIOS ngokuphinda kusuka ku-flash drive
Indlela yokuthola inguqulo ye-BIOS
Isinyathelo 4: Lungiselela uhlelo oluzayo
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala ikhompyutha kusuka ku-flash drive, uzobona uhlu okudingayo ukukhetha ulimi lofaki:
Esikhathini sethu, ulimi lwesiRashiya luzokhethwa, kodwa ungachaza omunye.
Qaphela: uma ufaka i-OS, zonke izenzo zenziwa kuphela kusuka kukhibhodi, ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana nezici zobunikazi, sebenzisa okhiye abalandelayo: imicibisholo, i-TAB no-Enter.
Ngemuva kokukhetha ulimi, imenyu yokufaka izovela ngaphambi kwakho, lapho udinga ukuchofoza khona "Faka Ubuntu Server".
Kusukela kulokhu kuya phambili, ukulungiswa kokuhlelwa kwesistimu yesikhathi esizayo kuzoqala, lapho kuzobe kunquma khona imingcele eyisisekelo bese ufaka yonke idatha edingekayo.
- Ewindini lokuqala uzocelwa ukuba ucacise izwe lokuhlala. Lokhu kuzovumela uhlelo ukuthi lubeke ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi kukhompuyutha, kanye nokwenza indawo efanelekile. Uma izwe lakho lingekho ohlwini, chofoza inkinobho. "enye" - uzobona uhlu lamazwe emhlabeni.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo yikukhethwa kwesakhiwo sekhibhodi. Kunconywa ukucacisa ukuhlelwa ngesandla ngokuchofoza "Cha" bese ukhetha ohlwini.
- Okulandelayo, udinga ukunquma inhlanganisela eyinhloko, ngemuva kokuchofoza okuzoshintsha isakhiwo sekhibhodi. Esibonelo, inhlanganisela izokhethwa. "Alt + Shift", ungakhetha enye.
- Ngemuva kokukhethwa, okulandwayo okude kuzolandela, lapho izakhi ezengeziwe zizolandwa futhi zifakwe:
Imishini yenethiwekhi izochazwa:
futhi uxhunyiwe ku-intanethi:
- Ewindini lezilungiselelo ze-akhawunti, faka igama lomsebenzisi omusha. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa iseva ekhaya, ungangena igama elingenamkhawulo, uma ufaka enhlanganweni, thintana nomlawuli.
- Manje kuzodingeka ufake igama le-akhawunti bese usetha iphasiwedi. Ngegama, sebenzisa icala eliphansi, futhi iphasiwedi ihlelwe kahle ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile.
- Ewindini elilandelayo, chofoza "Yebo"uma iseva ihlelwe ukuthi isetshenziselwe izinhloso zezohwebo, uma kungekho okukhathazayo mayelana nobuqotho bayo yonke idatha, bese uchofoza "Cha".
- Isinyathelo sokugcina esimisweni esinqunyiwe ukucacisa indawo yesikhathi (futhi). Ngokuqondile, uhlelo luzozama ukuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi sakho, kodwa ngokuvamile luyiphambene kabi, ngakho-ke qhafaza iwindi lokuqala "Cha", futhi okwesibili, thola indawo yakho.
Emva kwazo zonke izinyathelo, uhlelo luzoskena ikhomputha yakho yehadiwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, landa izingxenye ezidingekayo kulo, bese ulayisha umsizakalo wokubeka disk.
Isinyathelo 5: Ukuhlukanisa iDisk
Kulesi sigaba, ungahamba ngezindlela ezimbili: yenza ukwahlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwama diski noma wenze konke ngesandla. Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka Ubuntu Server ku-disk engenalutho noma awunandaba nolwazi kuwo, ungakhetha ngokuphepha "Sebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-disk". Uma kunolwazi olubalulekile ku-disk noma elinye uhlelo lokusebenza olufakiwe, isibonelo, i-Windows, kungcono ukhethe "Incwadi".
I-disk ukwahlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo
Ukuze uhlukanise ngokuzenzakalelayo i-disk, udinga:
- Khetha indlela yokumaketha "Sebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-disk".
- Hlola idiski lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luzofakwa khona.
Kulesi simo kukhona i-disk eyodwa kuphela.
- Linda kuze kube yilapho inqubo iphelele futhi uqinisekise ukuhlelwa kwediski ehlongozwayo ngokuchofoza "Qedela umaka bese ubhala izinguquko ku-disk".
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi umakethi othomathikhi unikezela ukwakha izigaba ezimbili kuphela: ukwahlukanisa futhi kushintshanise ukwahlukana. Uma lezi zilungiselelo zingahambisani nawe, chofoza "Hlehlisa izinguquko zesigaba" bese usebenzisa indlela elandelayo.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-disk yombhalo
Ngokumaka isikhala sediski ngesandla, ungakha izigaba eziningi ezizokwenza imisebenzi ethile. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngekhwalithi engcono kakhulu ye-Ubuntu Server, okusho izinga eliphansi lokuphepha kwesistimu.
Endleleni yokukhetha indlela, udinga ukuchofoza "Incwadi". Okulandelayo, iwindi lizovela ohlwini lwawo wonke ama-disks efakwe kwikhompyutha kanye nezingxenye zabo. Kulesi sibonelo, i-disk ayingashadile futhi ayikho izingxenye kulo, ngoba ayinalutho ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ukhethe bese uqhafaza Ngena.
Ngemva kwalokho, umbuzo wokuthi ufuna ukudala ithebula elisha lokuhlukanisa liphendulwa "Yebo".
Qaphela: uma uhlukanisa i-disk nama-partition kakade kukho, khona-ke leli festile ngeke libe khona.
Manje ngaphansi kwegama lenkinobho yediski ebonakalayo kuvele "I-PLACE FREE". Kuye lapho sizosebenza khona. Okokuqala udinga ukudala isiqondisi somsuka:
- Chofoza Ngena ngehora "I-PLACE FREE".
- Khetha "Dala isigaba esisha".
- Cacisa inani lesikhala esinikeziwe sokuhlukanisa izimpande. Khumbula ukuthi ubuncane obungavumelekile - 500 MB. Ngemva kokufaka ucingo "Qhubekani".
- Manje udinga ukukhetha uhlobo lwesigaba esisha. Konke kuncike ukuthi uhlela kangakanani ukudala. Iqiniso liwukuthi inani eliphakeme liyizine, kodwa lo mkhawulo ungavinjelwa ngokudala ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo, hhayi okuyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukufaka i-Ubuntu Server eyodwa kuphela kwi-hard disk yakho, khetha "Primary" (Izingxenye ezine kuzokwanela), uma esinye isistimu yokusebenza efakwe eseduze - "Kuyaqondakala".
- Lapho ukhetha indawo, uqondiswe izintandokazi zakho, ikakhulukazi akuthinti lutho.
- Esikhathini sokugcina sokudala, udinga ukucacisa imingcele ebaluleke kunazo zonke: uhlelo lwefayela, indawo ephakemeyo, ukukhethwa kwezintaba, nezinye izinketho. Lapho udala ukuhlukanisa izimpande, kutuswa ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo eziboniswe esithombeni ngezansi.
- Ngemva kokufaka zonke iziguquli chofoza "Ukusetha ukwahlukanisa sekuphelile".
Manje isikhala sakho sediski kufanele sibonakale kanje:
Kodwa lokhu akwanele, ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ngokujwayelekile, udinga futhi ukwakha ukwahlukanisa okuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokumane:
- Qala ukudala isigaba esisha ngokwenza izinto ezimbili zokuqala kuhlu oludlule.
- Hlola inani le-disk isikhala esilingana nesamba se-RAM yakho, bese uchofoza "Qhubekani".
- Khetha uhlobo lwesigaba esisha.
- Cacisa indawo yayo.
- Okulandelayo, chofoza entweni "Sebenzisa njenge"…
... bese ukhetha "shintsha ukwahlukanisa".
- Chofoza "Ukusetha ukwahlukanisa sekuphelile".
Ukubuka okujwayelekile kwesakhiwo sediski kuzobukeka kanje:
Kuhlala kuphela ukunikezela yonke isikhala samahhala ngaphansi kwesigaba sasekhaya:
- Landela izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala ukudala ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande.
- Ewindini yokunquma ubukhulu behlukaniso, cacisa ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani futhi uchofoze "Qhubekani".
Qaphela: isikhala sediski esisele singatholakala emgqeni wokuqala wewindi elifanayo.
- Khetha uhlobo lokuhlukanisa.
- Setha yonke imingcele esele ngokusho kwesithombe ngezansi.
- Chofoza "Ukusetha ukwahlukanisa sekuphelile".
Manje ukuhlelwa kwe-disk okugcwele kubonakala kanje:
Njengoba ubona, ayikho isikhala sediski esingasala esisele, kodwa awukwazi ukusebenzisa sonke isikhala ukuze ufake enye uhlelo lokusebenza eduze kwe-Ubuntu Server.
Uma zonke izenzo ozenzile zilungile futhi unelisekile ngomphumela, cindezela "Qedela umaka bese ubhala izinguquko ku-disk".
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe inqubo, umbiko uzohlinzekwa ukuhlunga zonke izinguquko ezizobhalwa disk. Futhi, uma konke kukufanisa, cindezela "Yebo".
Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlelwa kwediski kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.
Isinyathelo 6: Qedela ukufakwa
Emva kokuhlukanisa i-disk, udinga ukwenza izilungiselelo ezimbalwa ukuze wenze ukufakwa okugcwele kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Ubuntu Server.
- Ewindini "Ukusetha umphathi wephakheji" ucacise iseva yommeleli bese uchofoza "Qhubekani". Uma ungenayo iseva, chofoza "Qhubekani", eshiya insimu ingabhalwa.
- Linda isifaki se-OS ukulanda nokufaka amaphakheji adingekayo avela kunethiwekhi.
- Khetha indlela yokuthuthukisa i-Ubuntu Server.
Qaphela: ukuze ukwandise ukuphepha kwesistimu, kufanelekile ukuphawula izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, futhi ufeze lo msebenzi ngesandla.
- Kusukela ohlwini, khetha izinhlelo ezizofakwa ngaphambili ohlelweni, bese uchofoza "Qhubekani".
Kusuka kuhlu lonke kunconywa ukuba uqaphele "uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezinsiza" futhi "Iseva ye-OpenSSH", kodwa kunoma yikuphi okungafakwa ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kwe-OS kuqedile.
- Linda inqubo yokulanda nokufakwa kwesofthiwe ekhethiwe ngaphambilini.
- Faka i-bootloader Grub. Qaphela ukuthi uma ufaka Ubuntu Server ku-disk engenalutho, uzothunyelwa ukuba ulifake kumrekhodi we-boot master. Kulesi simo, khetha "Yebo".
Uma isistimu yokusebenza yesibili ikukude disk, futhi leli festile livela, khetha "Cha" bese unquma i-boot irekhodi ngokwakho.
- Esigabeni sokugcina efasiteleni "Ukuqedela ukufaka", udinga ukususa i-flash drive lapho ukufakwa kwenziwa khona bese ucindezela inkinobho "Qhubekani".
Isiphetho
Ukulandela imfundo, ikhompyutha izoqala kabusha futhi imenyu esemqoka yesistimu yokusebenza ye-Ubuntu Server izovela esibukweni, lapho kuzodingeka khona ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi ecacisiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi iphasiwedi ayikhonjiswa uma ingena.
