Esikhathini sephakheji se-Microsoft Office, kunesimiso esikhethekile sokudala database kanye nokusebenza nabo - Ukufinyelela. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo isicelo esivamile kakhulu - i-Excel. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlelo lunamathuluzi okudala idatha ephelele (DB). Ake sithole ukuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu.
Inqubo yokudala
I-database ye-Excel iyinethi yolwazi oluhleliwe olusatshalaliswe kukholomu nemigqa yeshidi.
Ngokwesigama esithile esikhethekile, izintambo ze-database zibizwa ngokuthi "amarekhodi". Ingeniso ngayinye iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nento eyodwa.
Amakholomu abizwa "amasimu". Insimu ngayinye iqukethe ipharamitha ehlukile yawo wonke amarekhodi.
Okusho ukuthi, ifreyimu yanoma iyiphi i-database e-Excel yithebula elivamile.
Indalo yethebula
Ngakho, okokuqala sidinga ukudala itafula.
- Faka izinhlokweni zamasimu (amakholomu) wedatha.
- Sigcwalisa igama lamarekhodi egciniwe (imigqa).
- Siyaqhubeka nokugcwalisa imininingwane.
- Ngemuva kokuba i-database igcwaliswe, sifometha imininingwane kuyo ngokuqonda kwethu (ifonti, imingcele, ukugcwalisa, ukukhetha, isikhundla sombhalo esihlobene neseli, njll).
Lokhu kuqedela ukudalwa kohlaka lwama database.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza ispredishithi ku-Excel
Ukubeka izimfanelo zesisekelo
Ukuze i-Excel ibone itafula hhayi nje njengezinhlobo zamaseli, okufana ne-database, idinga ukwabela izimfanelo ezifanele.
- Iya kuthebhu "Idatha".
- Khetha lonke uhla lwetafula. Chofoza inkinobho yesokudla yegundane. Emenyu yomongo, chofoza inkinobho "Yika igama ...".
- Esigrafu "Igama" cacisa igama ukuthi sifuna ukubiza ucingo. Okubalulekile ukuthi igama kumele liqale ngencwadi, futhi akufanele kube nezikhala. Esigrafu "Range" Ungashintsha ikheli lendawo yetafula, kodwa uma ukhethe kahle, akudingeki ushintshe noma yini lapha. Ngokuzikhethela, ungacacisa inothi ensimini ehlukile, kodwa le parameter iyakhethwa. Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinguquko zenziwe, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Chofoza inkinobho "Gcina" phezulu kwewindi noma uthayiphe isinqamuleli sekhibhodi I-Ctrl + S, ukuze ulondoloze ideskithophu kwidiski enzima noma imithombo ekhishwayo exhunywe kwi-PC.
Singasho ukuthi emva kwalokho sesivele sinomlando owenziwe ngomumo. Kungenzeka ukusebenza nayo ngisho nasesimeni esinjalo njengoba sinikezwa manje, kepha amathuba amaningi azoqedwa. Ngezansi sichaza indlela yokwenza le database isebenze kangcono.
Hlunga bese uhlunga
Ukusebenza nolwazi olulondoloziwe, okokuqala, lunikeza ithuba lokuhlela, ukukhetha nokuhlunga amarekhodi. Ake sixhumane nale misebenzi ku-database yethu.
- Khetha imininingwane yensimu esizoyiqhuba ngayo ukuhleleka. Chofoza inkinobho ethi "Hlunga" ekhonjini kuthebhu "Idatha" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Hlunga futhi uhlunge".
Ukuhlunga kungenziwa cishe noma iyiphi ipharamitha:
- igama le-alfabhethi;
- usuku;
- inombolo, njll.
- Iwindi elilandelayo lizovela libuza ukuthi ngabe lizosebenzisa yini indawo ekhethiwe ukuhlunga noma ukuyandisa ngokuzenzekelayo. Khetha ukwandisa okuzenzekelayo bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Hlunga ...".
- Iwindi Yezilungiselelo Zemibala ivula. Ensimini "Hlunga nge" ucacise igama lensimu okuzokwenziwa ngalo.
- Ensimini "Hlunga" ucacisa kahle ukuthi kuzokwenziwa kanjani. Ukuze uthole i-database, inketho engcono kakhulu ukukhetha "Amanani".
- Ensimini "Hlela" ucacise indlela okuzokwenziwa ngayo ukuhlunga. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi, amanani ahlukene aboniswa kule festile. Isibonelo, ukuthola idatha yombhalo, lokhu kuzoba yinani "Kusukela ku-A ukuya ku-Z" noma "Z kuya ku-A", kanye nezinombolo - "Ukukhuphuka" noma "Yehla".
- Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi "Idatha yami inezihloko" kwakukhona uphawu. Uma kungenjalo, kuzomele ubeke.
Ngemva kokufaka yonke imingcele edingekayo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Ngemuva kwalokho, ulwazi ku-database luzohlungwa ngokuvumelana nezilungiselelo ezicacisiwe. Kulesi simo, sihlezi ngamagama abasebenzi bebhizinisi.
- Elinye lamathuluzi alula kakhulu uma usebenza ku-database ye-Excel kuyisihlungi se-auto. Khetha lonke uhla lwesitatimende kanye nezilungiselelo zokuvimba "Hlunga futhi uhlunge" chofoza inkinobho "Hlunga".
- Njengoba ungabona, emva kwalokhu, izithombe zivele emaseli egama lamasimu ngendlela yama-triangles ashintshiwe. Chofoza kusithonjana sekholomu esizosihlunga. Ewindwangu evuliwe sisusa amanothi okuhlola kusuka kulawo maxabiso, amarekhodi esifuna ukuwafihla. Emva kokukhetha, cindezela inkinobho. "Kulungile".
Njengoba ubona, emva kwalokhu, imigqa equkethe amanani esasisuse kuwo amashekthi afihliwe kusukela etafuleni.
- Ukuze ubuyele yonke idatha esikrinini, chofoza isithonjana sekholomu lapho ukuhlunga kwenziwa khona, futhi kufasiteleni evuliwe, hlola zonke amabhokisi okuhlola phambi kwazo zonke izinto. Bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukuhlunga, chofoza inkinobho. "Hlunga" kwi-tape.
Isifundo: Hlunga bese uhlunga idatha ku-Excel
Sesha
Uma kukhona i-database enkulu, kulula ukuyihlola ngokusizwa ithuluzi elikhethekile.
- Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya kuthebhu "Ikhaya" futhi ku-tape ebhodini lamathuluzi Ukuhlela cindezela inkinobho "Thola futhi uqokomise".
- Iwindi evuleka lapho udinga ukucacisa inani elifunayo. Emva kwalokho, chofoza inkinobho "Thola okulandelayo" noma "Thola konke".
- Esikhathini sokuqala, iseli lokuqala lapho kunenani elibekiwe liqala ukusebenza.
Esimweni sesibili, lonke uhlu lwamaseli aqukethe leli xabiso luvulwa.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza usesho ku-Excel
Izindawo zokuphina
Kulula uma udala i-database ukulungisa iseli negama lamarekhodi nezinkambu. Lapho usebenza ngesisekelo esikhulu - lokhu kuyinto edingekayo kuphela. Uma kungenjalo, kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi sokupheqa ngeshidi ukuze ubone ukuthi yiliphi umugqa noma ikholomu elihambisana nenani elithile.
- Khetha iseli, indawo engenhla nakwesobunxele ofuna ukuyilungisa. Izotholakala ngokushesha ngaphansi kwekhanda futhi ngakwesokudla kwamagama wokungena.
- Ukuba ngaphakathi kuthebhu "Buka" chofoza inkinobho "Faka endaweni"esithombeni lesithuluzi "Iwindi". Kuhlu lokudonsa phansi, khetha inani "Faka endaweni".
Manje amagama amasimu namarekhodi azohlala ekhona phambi kwamehlo akho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba kangakanani uhamba ngephepha lemininingwane.
Isifundo: Indlela yokulungisa indawo ku-Excel
Yehlisa uhlu
Kweminye imikhakha etafuleni, kuyoba kuhle ukuhlela uhlu lokudonsa ukuze abasebenzisi, ngokungeza amarekhodi amasha, bangacacisa kuphela imingcele ethile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, isibonelo, kwenkambu "UPawulu". Phela, kungase kube nezinketho ezimbili kuphela: owesilisa nowesifazane.
- Dala uhlu olungeziwe. Okungcono kakhulu kuzobekwe kwenye ishidi. Kulo sichaza uhlu lwamagugu azovela ohlwini lokudonsa phansi.
- Khetha lolu hlu bese uchofoze kukho inkinobho yegundane efanele. Emenyu evelayo, khetha into "Yika igama ...".
- Ifasitela esivele sijwayele kithi ivula. Esikhathini esifanele, nikeza igama ebangeni lethu, ngokwezimo esivele zixoxwe ngenhla.
- Sibuyela eshidi nge database. Khetha ibanga ozofakwa kuloluhlu olwehlayo. Iya kuthebhu "Idatha". Sicindezela inkinobho "Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha"okuyinto itholakala ku-tape ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ukusebenza nedatha".
- Iwindi lokuhlola isamba elibonakalayo livula. Ensimini "Uhlobo Lwedatha" setha inkinobho ukuma "Bhala". Ensimini "Umthombo" setha uphawu "=" futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalo, ngaphandle kwesikhala, bhala igama lohlu lokudonsa phansi, esilinikeze lukhudlwana kancane. Emva kwalokho, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Manje, uma uzama ukufaka idatha ebangeni lapho umkhawulo obekwe khona, uhlu luzovela lapho ungakhetha khona phakathi kwamagugu acacisiwe.
Uma uzama ukubhala izinhlamvu ezingaqondakali kulawa maseli, umlayezo wephutha uzovela. Kuzodingeka ubuye futhi wenze ukungena okulungile.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza uhlu oludonsa phansi ku-Excel
Yiqiniso, i-Excel ingaphansi kwamakhono ayo kwizinhlelo ezikhethekile zokudala yolwazi. Kodwa-ke, inekithuluzi lamathuluzi ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lizokwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi abafuna ukudala idatha. Njengoba inikezwe ukuthi izici ze-Excel, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezikhethekile, ziyaziwa ngabasebenzisi abajwayelekile kangcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kweMicrosoft kunezinzuzo ezithile.
