Amaprosesa anamuhla anesakhiwo somcengezi omncane, owethulwa ngendlela yensiza ye-silicon. Ipuleti ngokwayo ivikelwe izindlu ezikhethekile ezenziwe nge-plastic noma nge-ceramic. Zonke izinhlelo eziyinhloko zivikelekile, ngenxa yabo umsebenzi ogcwele we-CPU wenziwa. Uma ukubukeka kuyinto elula kakhulu, kuthiwani mayelana nesifunda ngokwawo nokuthi indlela iprosesa isebenza ngayo? Ake siwaphule phansi.
Iprosesa yekhompyutha
Ukwakhiwa kwe-CPU kuhlanganisa inombolo encane yezinto ezihlukile. Ngamunye wabo wenza isenzo sakhe, ukudluliswa kwedatha nokulawulwa kwedatha kwenzeka. Abasebenzisi abajwayelekile bajwayele ukuhlukanisa abacubungula ngemvamisa yabo yewashi, inani lememori ye-cache, kanye nama-cores. Kodwa akukhona konke okwenza umsebenzi onokwethenjelwa nokushesha. Kufanelekile ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwisakhi ngasinye.
Izakhiwo
Umklamo wangaphakathi we-CPU uvame ukuhluka komunye nomunye, umndeni ngamunye unesethi yawo yezinto kanye nemisebenzi - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-architecture yayo. Isibonelo somklamo weprosesa ongayibona esithombeni ngezansi.
Kodwa eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukufaka incazelo ehlukile ngokuklama kwiprosesa. Uma sikucabangela ngombono wezinhlelo, khona-ke inqunywe ikhono layo lokwenza isethi ethile yamakhodi. Uma uthenga i-CPU yesimanje, kungenzeka ukuthi ingokwakhiwa kwe-x86.
Bheka futhi: Qinisekisa ikhono lezinombolo zamaphrosesa
Ama-kernels
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-CPU ibizwa ngokuthi i-kernel, iqukethe wonke amabhulokhi adingekayo, kanye nemisebenzi enengqondo nemathekisthi eyenziwa. Uma ubheka isibalo esingezansi, ungenza ukuthi ibhokisi ngalinye lokusebenza le-kernel libukeka kanjani:
- Imiyalo yesampuli yesampula. Lapha ukuqashelwa kwemilayezo kwenziwa ngekheli elikhethiwe emkhakheni wemithetho. Inombolo yokufunda imiyalo ngesikhathi esifanayo ixhomeke kunani lamabhuloki wokumemezela okufakelwe, okusiza ukulayisha umjikelezo ngamunye womsebenzi nenani elikhulu lemilayezo.
- Isibikezelo sokuguqulwa unesibopho sokusebenza kahle kwebhokisi lokukhetha imfundo. Inquma ukulandelana kwemilayezo esebenzayo, ukulayisha iphayiphi le-kernel.
- I-mododing module Le ngxenye ye-kernel inesibopho sokuchaza ezinye izinqubo zokwenza imisebenzi. Umsebenzi wokumemezela ngokwawo uyanzima kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu obungavamile bokufundisa. Emaproseshini amasha amashayunithi anjalo kunamanani amaningi emkhakheni owodwa.
- Amamojula wokumatha idatha. Bathatha ulwazi kusuka ku-RAM noma i-cache. Benza ngokuqondile isampuli yedatha, okudingekayo kulo mzuzwana ukukhishwa kwemfundo.
- Isilawuli sokulawula Igama ngokwayo likhuluma ngokubaluleka kwalesi sigaba. Esikhathini esiyinhloko, yiyona nto ebaluleke kunazo zonke, ngoba ikhiqiza ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kwamabhuloki, okusiza ukwenza isenzo ngasinye ngesikhathi.
- I module igcina imiphumela. Yenzelwe ukuqopha ngemuva kokuphela kokucubungula imiyalelo ku-RAM. Ikheli lokugcina lichazwe emsebenzini wokwenza.
- Isici sokusebenza sokuphazamisa. I-CPU iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuphazamisa, lokhu kuvumela ukuba imise ukusebenza komunye uhlelo ngokushintshela kwenye imfundo.
- AmaRejista. Imiphumela yesikhashana yemiyalo igcinwe lapha; le ngxenye ingabizwa ngokuthi imemori encane yokufinyelela okungahleliwe okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile ivolumu yayo ayidluli ama-bytes angamakhulu ambalwa.
- I-counter counter Igcina ikheli lomyalo ozohileleka emjikelezweni weprosesa olandelayo.
Ibhasi lesistimu
Ku-CPU ibhasi yesistimu xhuma idivayisi efakiwe ku-PC. Nguye kuphela oxhumeke ngqo kulo, ezinye izakhi zixhunyiwe ngezilawuli ezihlukahlukene. Ebhasini ngokwayo kunezinqwaba zemigqa yemigqa lapho ulwazi ludluliselwa khona. I-line ngayinye ineprotocol, eyinikeza ukukhulumisana phezu kwabalawuli ngezinye izingxenye ezixhunyiwe zekhompyutha. Ibhasi linemvamisa yalo, ngokulandelana, ephakeme kakhulu, ukushintshaniswa kolwazi ngokushesha phakathi kwezici ezixhumene zesistimu.
Imemori yesikhashana
Isivinini se-CPU sincike ekutheni sikwazi ukukhetha ngokushesha imiyalo nedatha kusuka kwimemori. Ngenxa yememori ye-cache, isikhathi sokusebenza sinciphise ngenxa yokuthi lidlala indima ye-buffer yesikhashana esinikeza ukudluliswa okusheshayo kwedatha ye-CPU ku-RAM noma ngokuphambene nalokho.
Isici esiyinhloko sesilondolozi yisilinganiso salo sezinga. Uma liphakeme, imemori ihamba kancane futhi inamandla kakhulu. Okusheshayo futhi encane kakhulu imemori yezinga lokuqala. Isimiso sokusebenza kwalesi sici silula - i-CPU ifunda idatha kusuka ku-RAM iphinde ibekwe kusigcini sanoma yiliphi izinga, ngenkathi isuswa ulwazi olutholakale isikhathi eside. Uma iphrosesa idinga lolu lwazi futhi, luzoyithola ngokushesha ngenxa ye-buffer yesikhashana.
Isisekelo (isixhumi)
Ngenxa yokuthi iprosesa inesixhumanisi sayo (isokhethi noma i-slot), ungakwazi ukuyifaka kalula ngokuphazamiseka noma ukuthuthukisa ikhompyutha yakho. Ngaphandle kwesikhwama, i-CPU izobe isetshenziswe kuphela kubhodi lebhodi, okwenze kube nzima ukulungisa noma ukubuyisela. Kuyafaneleka ukulalela - isixhumi ngasinye senzelwe ukufaka kuphela amaprosesa.
Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi bangazitholi ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo engavumelani nebhodi lebhodi, okwenza izinkinga ezengeziwe.
Bheka futhi:
Ukukhetha iprosesa yekhompyutha
Ukukhetha i-motherboard ikhompyutha
Umongo wevidiyo
Ngenxa yokusungulwa kwengqikithi yevidiyo ku-processor, yenza njengekhadi levidiyo. Yiqiniso, ayiqhathanisi namandla ayo, kodwa uma uthenga i-CPU yemisebenzi elula, ungenza ngaphandle kwekhadi lesithombe. Okuhle kunakho konke, i-video edidiyelwe yevidiyo iboniswa kuma-laptops aphansi nezindleko zekhompyutha ephansi.
Kulesi sihloko, sichaze ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iprosesa iqukethe, ukhuluma ngendima yento ngayinye, ukubaluleka kwayo nokuthembela kwezinye izici. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo, futhi ufunde okuthile okusha futhi okuthakazelisayo kuwe ezweni le-CPU.
