Umhlahlandlela Wokusetha Inethiwekhi ye-Ubuntu

Abasebenzisi abaningi bahlangabezana nezinkinga lapho bezama ukusungula uxhumano lwe-intanethi ku-Ubuntu. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokungakwazi, kodwa kungase kube nezinye izizathu. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka imiyalelo yokwakha izinhlobo eziningana zokuxhumana ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwazo zonke izinkinga ezingenzeka ekusebenzeni kokusebenza.

Ilungiselela inethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, kodwa lesi sihloko sizohlanganisa okuthandwa kakhulu: inethiwekhi yocingo, i-PPPoE ne-DIAL-UP. Kuzokwaziswa futhi mayelana nokuhlelwa okuhlukile kweseva ye-DNS.

Bheka futhi:
Indlela yokudala i-USB bootable flash drive ne-Ubuntu
Indlela yokufaka Ubuntu kusuka ku-flash drive

Imisebenzi yokulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusungula uxhumano, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lukulungele lokhu. Ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi imiyalo ekhishwe kuyo "Isikhumbuzo", zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: zidinga amalungelo omsebenzisi (phambi kwabo kuzoba khona uphawu $) futhi kudinga amalungelo amakhulu (ekuqaleni kukhona uphawu #). Qaphela lokhu, ngoba ngaphandle kwamalungelo adingekayo, imiyalo eminingi imane inqabe ukuyenza. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucacisa ukuthi izinhlamvu ngokwazo ziyizo "Isikhumbuzo" Asikho isidingo sokungena.

Uzodinga ukuqedela inombolo yamaphuzu:

  • Qinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo kunethiwekhi zivaliwe. Isibonelo, ukwenza ukulungiselelwa "Isikhumbuzo"Kunconywa ukukhubaza i-Network Manager (isithonjana senethiwekhi kunengxenye efanele yephaneli eliphezulu).

    Qaphela: Kuye isimo sokuxhumeka, isibonakaliso seMenenja yeNethiwekhi singabonakala ngokuhlukile, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sitholakala ngakwesokunxele kwibha yamagama.

    Ukukhubaza isevisi, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

    $ sudo ukumisa inethiwekhi-imenenja

    Futhi ukugijima, ungasebenzisa lokhu:

    $ sudo qala inethiwekhi-imenenja

  • Qinisekisa ukuthi izilungiselelo zokuhlunga zenethiwekhi zilungisiwe kahle, futhi aziphazamisi ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi.
  • Hlala nawe imibhalo edingekayo evela kumhlinzeki, okucacisa idatha edingekayo ukulungisa uxhumano lwe-intanethi.
  • Hlola abashayeli bekhadi lenethiwekhi nokuxhumeka okulungile kwekhebula lomhlinzeki.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, udinga ukwazi igama le-adaptha yenethiwekhi. Ukuthola, thayipha "Isikhumbuzo" lo mkhakha:

$ sudo lshw -C inethiwekhi

Ngenxa yalokho, uzobona okufana nalokhu okulandelayo:

Bheka futhi: Izimiso ezisetshenziswa njalo kwi-Linux Terminal

Igama le-adaptha yenethiwekhi yakho lizobe libhekene negama "igama elinengqondo". Kulesi simo "enp3s0". Lona igama elizovela esihlokweni; ungahle uhluke.

Qaphela: Uma une-adaptha yenethiwekhi eminingi efakwe kukhompyutha yakho, izobalwa ngokufanele (enp3s0, enp3s1, enp3s2, njalonjalo). Nquma ukuthi uzosebenza kanjani, futhi uyisebenzise kuzilungiselelo ezilandelayo.

Indlela 1: Isiphetho

"Isikhumbuzo" - Lena ithuluzi jikelele lokusetha konke ku-Ubuntu. Ngalo, kuyokwenzeka ukuqala uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi lwazo zonke izinhlobo, okuzoxoxwa manje.

Ukusetha kabusha kwe-Wired Network

Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ye-Ubuntu kwenziwa ngokufaka imingcele emisha efayeleni yokucushwa "interfaces". Ngakho-ke, okokuqala udinga ukuvula leli fayela elifanayo:

$ sudo gedit / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

Qaphela: umyalo usebenzisa umhleli wombhalo we-Gedit ukuvula ifayela lokuhlela, kodwa ungabhala noma yimuphi omunye umhleli, isibonelo, vi, engxenyeni ehambelanayo.

Bheka futhi: Abahleli bombhalo abathandwayo be-Linux

Manje udinga ukunquma ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwe-IP umhlinzeki wakho. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili: static and dynamic. Uma ungazi kahle, bese ubiza labo. ukusekela nokubonisana no-opharetha.

Okokuqala, ake sibhekane ne-IP enamandla - ukulungiswa kwayo kulula. Ngemva kokufaka umyalo wangaphambilini, efayeleni evuliwe, cacisa okuguquguqukayo okulandelayo:

bhala [igama lesikhangiso] inet dhcp
auto [igama lomsebenzisi]

Kuphi

  • bhala [igama lesikhangiso] inet dhcp - ibhekisela ku-interface ekhethiwe enekheli le-IP elinamandla (dhcp);
  • auto [igama lomsebenzisi] - uma ungena ngemvume yenza uxhumano othomathikhi ku-interface ecacisiwe nayo yonke imingcele ecacisiwe.

Ngemuva kokungena kufanele uthole into enjengale:

Ungakhohlwa ukusindisa zonke izinguquko ezenziwe ngokuchofoza inkinobho efanelekile engxenyeni engakwesokudla yomhleli.

Kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa IP static. Into esemqoka ukwazi zonke izinto eziguqukayo. Kufayela lokucushwa udinga ukufaka imigqa elandelayo:

bhala [igama lesikhangiso] inet static
ikheli [ikheli]
i-netmask [ikheli]
isango [ikheli]
i-dns-nameservers [ikheli]
auto [igama lomsebenzisi]

Kuphi

  • bhala [igama lesikhangiso] inet static - ichaza ikheli le-adaptha le-IP njenge-static;
  • ikheli [ikheli] - inquma ikheli lesitoreji sakho se-ethernet kukhompyutha;

    Qaphela: Ikheli le-IP lingatholakala ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ifconfig. Ekuphumeni, udinga ukubheka inani ngemuva kwe- "addet iner" - leli kheli le-port.

  • i-netmask [ikheli] - inquma i-mask mask;
  • isango [ikheli] - ikhombisa ikheli lesango;
  • i-dns-nameservers [ikheli] - inquma iseva ye-DNS;
  • auto [igama lomsebenzisi] - ixhuma kwikhadi lezinhlelo ezicacisiwe uma i-OS iqala.

Ngemva kokufaka yonke imingcele, uzobona into efana nalokhu okulandelayo:

Ungakhohlwa ukusindisa yonke imingcele engenisiwe ngaphambi kokuvala umhleli wombhalo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ku-Ubuntu OS, ungenza isilungiselelo sesikhashana sokuxhumeka ku-Inthanethi. Ihluke ngokuthi idatha ecacisiwe ayishintshi amafayela wokuhlela, futhi ngemva kokuqala kabusha i-PC, zonke izilungiselelo ezichazwe ngaphambilini zizosetha kabusha. Uma ngabe okokuqala ngqa uzama ukusungula uxhumano oluhlangene ku-Ubuntu, khona-ke le ndlela inconywa ukuqala.

Yonke imingcele isethwe ngokusebenzisa umyalo owodwa:

$ sudo ip addr engeza 10.2.119.116/24 dev enp3s0

Kuphi

  • 10.2.119.116 - IP-ikheli lekhadi lenethiwekhi (ungase ube nalunye);
  • /24 - inani lezinkinobho engxenyeni yesiqephu sekheli;
  • enp3s0 - isikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi lapho ikhebula lomhlinzeki lixhunywe khona.

Faka yonke idatha edingekayo futhi usebenzise umyalo "Isikhumbuzo", ungabheka ukufaneleka kwabo. Uma i-Intanethi ivele ku-PC, zonke iziguquguquko zilungile, futhi zingangena efayeleni lokucushwa.

Ukusetha kwe-DNS

Ukusetha uxhumano lwe-DNS ngezihumusho ezahlukene zobuntu kwenziwa ngokuhlukile. Kuzinguqulo ze-OS kusuka ku-12.04 - enye indlela, ekuqaleni - enye. Sizocabangela kuphela isikhombimsebenzisi se-static uxhumano, njengamandla asho ukutholakala okuzenzakalelayo kwama-DNS amaseva.

Ukusetha kuzinguqulo ze-OS ezingenhla ku-12.04 kwenzeka efayeleni elaziwa kakade. "interfaces". Kubalulekile ukungena uchungechunge "i-dns-nameservers" kanye namanani ahlukaniswe isikhala.

Ngakho kuqala uvule "Isikhumbuzo" ifayela lokumisa "interfaces":

$ sudo gedit / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

Ngokuqhubekayo kumhleli wezithombe ovuliwe faka umugqa olandelayo:

i-dns-nameservers [ikheli]

Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele uthole into enjengale, kuphela amanani angase ahluke:

Uma ufuna ukumisa i-DNS ku-Ubuntu version yangaphambili, ifayela lokucushwa lizohluka. Vula ngawo "Isikhumbuzo":

$ sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

Ngemuva kwalo ungabeka amakheli e-DNS adingekayo. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela lokho, ngokungafani nokufaka amapharamitha ku "interfaces"ku "resolv.conf" Amakheli abhaliwe njalo ngesigaba, isiqalo sisetshenziswe ngaphambi kwenani "nameserver" (ngaphandle kwamacaphuno).

Ukusetha kokuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE

Lungiselela i-PPPoE nge- "Isikhumbuzo" akusho ukusungulwa kwemingcele eminingi emafayeleni amaningi okucushwa kukhompyutha. Kunalokho, iqembu elilodwa kuphela elizosetshenziswa.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenza uxhumano lwephuzu-kuya-phuzu (PPPoE), udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

  1. Ngaphakathi "Isikhumbuzo" yenza:

    $ sudo pppoeconf

  2. Linda ikhompyutha ukuthi iskena ukuze kube khona amadivayisi wenethiwekhi namamodeli axhunyiwe kuwo.

    Qaphela: uma ngabe Umbuso ungatholi ihabhu ngokuvumelana nenani, ke hlola ukuthi ikhebula lomhlinzeki lixhunyiwe ngokufanele yini kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla we-modem, uma kukhona.

  3. Ewindini ebonakalayo, khetha ikhadi le-inethiwekhi lapho ikhebula linikezwa khona (uma unamakhadi owodwa wenethiwekhi, leli festile lizokwehla).
  4. Ewindini "elikhethwa kukho", chofoza "Yebo".

  5. Faka ukungena ngemvume, okukhishwe umhlinzeki wakho, futhi uqinisekise isenzo. Bese ufaka iphasiwedi.

  6. Ewindini yokukhetha incazelo yamaseva e-DNS, chofoza "Yebo"uma amakheli e-IP ashukumisayo, futhi "Cha"uma i-static. Esimweni sesibili, faka iseva ye-DNS ngesandla.

  7. Khona-ke Umbuso uzocela imvume yokwehlisa ubukhulu be-MSS kuya ku-1452-byte - unike imvume ngokuchofoza "Yebo".

  8. Esikhathini esilandelayo, udinga ukunikeza imvume yokuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo kwinethiwekhi ye-PPPoE uma ikhompyutha iqala ngokuchofoza "Yebo".
  9. Ewindini lokugcina, Umbuso uzocela imvume yokwakha uxhumano okwamanje - chofoza "Yebo".

Emva kwakho konke okwenzile, ikhompyutha yakho izosungula uxhumano kwi-Inthanethi, uma wenza konke ngokulungile.

Qaphela ukuthi umbuso ozenzakalelayo i-pppoeconf kubiza uxhumano oludalwe dsl-umhlinzeki. Uma udinga ukuphula uxhumano, bese ugijima "Isikhumbuzo" umyalo:

$ sudo poff dsl-umhlinzeki

Ukusetha ukuxhumeka futhi, thayipha:

$ sudo pon dsl-umhlinzeki

Qaphela: uma uxhuma kunethiwekhi usebenzisa Umbuso we-pppoeconf, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi nge-Network Manager ngeke kwenzeke ngenxa yokwethulwa kwemingcele kufayili yokuhlela "interfaces". Ukusetha kabusha zonke izilungiselelo nokudlulisa ukulawula ku-Network Manager, udinga ukuvula ifayela le-interfaces uphinde ufake konke okuqukethwe ngombhalo ngezansi. Ngemva kokungena, gcina izinguquko bese uqala kabusha inethiwekhi ngomyalo othi "$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking kabusha" (ngaphandle kwamacaphuno). Qala futhi kabusha Umbuso Wenethiwekhi Ye-Network ngokusebenzisa "$ sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager ukuqalisa kabusha" (ngaphandle kwamacaphuno).

Ukusetha uxhumano lokudayela

Ukulungisa i-DIAL-UP, ungasebenzisa izinsiza zombuso ezimbili: pppconfig futhi wvdial.

Setha uxhumano no pppconfig elula ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela ifana kakhulu neyaphambilini (i-pppoeconf): uzobuzwa imibuzo ngendlela efanayo, uphendule ukuthi yikuphi okuzokwenza ukuthi uxhume uxhumano lwe-intanethi. Okokuqala ugijime Umbuso ngokwawo:

$ sudo pppconfig

Emva kwalokho landela imiyalelo. Uma ungazi ezinye izimpendulo, kutuswa ukuthi uxhumane nomqhubi walabo. sisekela umhlinzeki wakho futhi uthintane naye. Ngemuva kokuqedela zonke izilungiselelo ukuxhumeka kuzosungulwa.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokwezifiso wvdialkhona-ke kwenzeka kancane kancane. Okokuqala udinga ukufaka iphakheji ngokwayo "Isikhumbuzo". Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

$ sudo faka ukufaka i-wvdial

Ihlanganisa isevisi eyenzelwe ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke imingcele. Kubizwa "wvdialconf". Qalisa:

$ sudo wvdialconf

Ngemva kokubulawa kwalo "Isikhumbuzo" Imingcele eminingi nezici zizoboniswa - akudingeki ukuba ziqondwe. Udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi i-utility idale ifayela elikhethekile. "wvdial.conf", okwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imingcele edingekayo, ukuwafunda kumodemu. Okulandelayo udinga ukuhlela ifayela elidaliwe. "wvdial.conf"ake sivule "Isikhumbuzo":

$ sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

Njengoba ungabona, eziningi zezilungiselelo sezivele zilotshiwe, kodwa amaphuzu amathathu okugcina adinga ukungezwa. Kuzodingeka ubhalise kubo inombolo yocingo, ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi, ngokulandelana. Noma kunjalo, ungasheshi ukuvala ifayela, ukuze uthole ukusebenza okulula kakhulu kunconywa ukuthi ungeze imingcele embalwa:

  • Amasekhondi angaziwa = 0 - ukuxhumeka ngeke kuphulwe ngisho nokusebenza okude kwikhompyutha;
  • Shayela imizamo = 0 - yenza imizamo engapheli yokwenza uxhumano;
  • Ukudayela i-Command = ATDP - ukudayela kuzokwenziwa ngendlela evuthayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, ifayela lokumisa lizobukeka kanje:

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izilungiselelo zihlukaniswe ngamabhuloki amabili, anegunya ngamagama kubakaki. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukwakha izinguqulo ezimbili zokusebenzisa imingcele. Ngakho, imingcele ngaphansi "[Ukudayela okuzenzakalelayo]"izohlale ibulawa futhi iphansi "[I-Dialer puls]" - uma ucacisa ukhetho olufanele kumyalo.

Ngemuva kokwenza zonke izilungiselelo, ukusungula uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP, udinga ukuqhuba lo myalo:

$ sudo wvdial

Uma ufuna ukusungula uxhumano lwe-pulse, bhala lokhu okulandelayo:

$ sudo wvdial pulse

Ukuze uphule uxhumano olusungulwe, ku "Isikhumbuzo" udinga ukucindezela inhlanganisela eyinhloko Ctrl + C.

Indlela 2: Umphathi weNethiwekhi

U-Ubuntu unesidingo esikhethekile esizosiza ukusungula uxhumano lwezilwane eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-interface esibonakalayo. Lona iMenenja yeNethiwekhi, ebizwa ngokuchofoza isithonjana esifanayo ngakwesokudla kwephaneli ephezulu.

Ukusetha kabusha kwe-Wired Network

Sizoqala ngendlela efanayo ngezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezihlangene. Okokuqala udinga ukuvula Umbuso ngokwawo. Ukwenza lokhu, chofoza isithonjana saso bese uchofoza "Hlela uxhumo" kwimenyu yomongo. Okulandelayo efasiteleni elivela, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

  1. Chofoza inkinobho "Engeza".

  2. Ewindinini elivela, ohlwini lokudonsa phansi, khetha into "Ethernet" bese ucindezela "Dala ...".

  3. Ewindini elisha, cacisa igama loxhumano kwenkambu yokufaka ehambelanayo.

  4. Kuthebhu "Ethernet" kusuka ohlwini lokudonsa phansi "Idivayisi" thola ikhadi lenethiwekhi elisetshenzisiwe.

  5. Yiya kuthebhu "Jikelele" bese ufaka uphawu eceleni kwezinto "Xhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo kule nethiwekhi uma itholakala" futhi "Bonke abasebenzisi bangaxhuma kule nethiwekhi".

  6. Kuthebhu "Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4" chaza indlela yokubeka njenge "I-Automatic (DHCP)" - for interface okunamandla. Uma unayo static, kufanele ukhethe into "Incwadi" futhi ucacise yonke imingcele edingekayo umhlinzeki akunike yona.

  7. Inkinobho ye-Push "Gcina".

Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo ezingenhla, uxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluphephile kufanele lusungulwe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, hlola yonke imingcele engenisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze iphutha endaweni ethile. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola uma ibhokisi lokuhlola lihloliwe. "Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi" kwimenyu yokudonsa ye-Umbuso.

Ngezinye izikhathi kusiza ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha.

Ukusetha kwe-DNS

Ukwenza uxhumano, ungadinga ukulungisa ngesandla amaseva we-DNS. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

  1. Vula iwindi lokuxhumanisa kwenethiwekhi kuMphathi wenethiwekhi ngokukhetha Umbuso kusuka kwimenyu "Hlela uxhumo".
  2. Ewindini elilandelayo, qokomisa uxhumano oludalwe ngaphambili bese uchofoza "Shintsha".

  3. Okulandelayo, iya kuthebhu "Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4" futhi ohlwini "Ukubeka Indlela" chofoza "I-Automatic (i-DHCP, ikheli kuphela)". Bese kulayini "DNS amaseva" faka idatha edingekayo, bese uchofoza "Gcina".

Emva kwalokhu, ukusetha kwe-DNS kungacatshangwa kuqedile. Uma kungekho zinguquko, zama ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha ukuze zisebenze.

Ukusetha kwe-PPPoE

Ukusetha uxhumano lwe-PPPoE kuMphathi wenethiwekhi kulula njengoba "Isikhumbuzo". Eqinisweni, kuzodingeka ucacise kuphela ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi etholakele kumhlinzeki. Kodwa cabanga konke okuningiliziwe.

  1. Vula yonke iwindi lokuxhuma ngokuchofoza isithonjana se-Network Manager Umbuso bese ukhetha "Hlela uxhumo".
  2. Chofoza "Engeza"bese usuka ohlwini lokudonsa ukhetha "I-DSL". Ngemuva kokuchofoza "Dala ...".

  3. Ewindini evelayo, faka igama loxhumano oluzoboniswa kwimenyu yezinsiza.
  4. Kuthebhu "I-DSL" bhala ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi ezindaweni ezifanele. Ngokuzikhethela, ungacacisa negama lensizakalo, kodwa lokhu kuyakhethwa.

  5. Chofoza ithebhu "Jikelele" bese uhlola ibhokisi eceleni kwezinto ezimbili zokuqala.

  6. Kuthebhu "Ethernet" ohlwini lokudonsa "Idivayisi" thola ikhadi lakho lenethiwekhi.

  7. Iya ku "Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4" futhi uchaze indlela yokulungisa njenge "I-Automatic (PPPoE)" bese ulondoloza ukukhetha kwakho ngokuchofoza inkinobho efanelekile. Uma udinga ukufaka iseva ye-DNS ngesandla, khetha "I-Automatic (PPPoE, ikheli kuphela)" bese usetha imingcele oyifunayo, bese uchofoza "Gcina". Futhi uma kwenzeka ukuthi zonke izilungiselelo zidinga ukungena ngesandla, khetha into enegama elifanayo bese ufaka emasimini afanele.

Manje uxhumano olusha lwe-DSL luvele kwimenyu ye-Network Manager, lukhetha ukuthi uzothola ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Khumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze izinguquko zisebenze.

Isiphetho

Ngenxa yalokho, singasho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ubuntu lunamathuluzi amaningi okusetha ukuxhumeka kwe-Inthanethi okudingekayo. Umphathi we-Utility Network unesikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, esenza lula umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi oqalayo. Nokho "Isikhumbuzo" ikuvumela ukuba wenze izilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo ngokufaka imingcele engekho ku-Umbuso.

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