Isiqondiso sokusetha kwe-Inthanethi ye-Ubuntu Server

Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ubuntu Server alinalo isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, abasebenzisi bahlangabezana nobunzima lapho bezama ukusetha uxhumano lwe-intanethi. Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imiyalo okudingeka uyisebenzise nokuthi yiziphi amafayela okufanele uzilungise ukuze ufeze umphumela oyifunayo.

Bheka futhi: Isiqondiso sokusetha uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi ku-Ubuntu

Ilungiselela inethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu Server

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nomhlahlandlela wezinyathelo ngezinyathelo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ezinye zezimo okufanele zihlangabezane nazo.

• Udinga ukuba nawo wonke amadokhumenti atholakele kumhlinzeki. Kufanele iqukathe ukungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi, isiskithi se-subnet, ikheli lesango kanye nenani lezinombolo ze-DNS iseva.
• Abashayela ekhadini le-network kumele babe yi-version yakamuva.
• Ikhebula lomhlinzeki kufanele lixhumeke kahle kukhompyutha.
• Isihlungi senethiwekhi akufanele siphazamise inethiwekhi. Uma kungenjalo, hlola izilungiselelo zayo futhi, uma kunesidingo, uhlele.

Futhi, awukwazi ukuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi uma ungazi igama lekhadi lakho lenethiwekhi. Ukuthola ukuthi kulula, kudingeka usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

inethiwekhi ye-sudo lshw -C

Bheka futhi: Izimiso ezisetshenziswa njalo kwi-Linux

Emiphumeleni, phawula umugqa "igama elinengqondo", inani eliphambene nalo liyoba igama lenethiwekhi yakho yenethiwekhi.

Kulesi simo, igama "eth0"ungase uhluke.

Qaphela: ungabona izinto eziningana emgqeni wokukhipha, lokhu kusho ukuthi unezinombolo eziningana zenethiwekhi ezifakiwe kukhompyutha yakho. Ekuqaleni, sinquma ukuthi yiziphi izilungiselelo ezithile ozisebenzisayo futhi uzisebenzise kulo lonke ukwenziwa kwemiyalelo.

Inethiwekhi ethintekayo

Uma umhlinzeki wakho esebenzisa inethiwekhi yocingo ukuxhumeka ku-intanethi, kuzodingeka wenze izinguquko efayeleni lokucushwa ukuze uqinisekise uxhumano. "interfaces". Kodwa idatha ezofakwa ingcike ngokuqondile ngohlobo lomhlinzeki we-IP. Ngezansi uzonikezwa imiyalelo kokubili kokukhethwa kukho: i-IP eshukumisayo neyi-static.

I-Dynamic IP

Ukusetha lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka kulula kakhulu; nansi okudingeka ukwenze:

1. Vula ifayela lokumisa "interfaces" usebenzisa umhleli wombhalo nano.

   sudo nano / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

   Bheka futhi: Abahleli bombhalo abathandwayo be-Linux

   Uma ungazange wenze izinguquko kule fayela ngaphambili, kufanele ukuthi ubukeke kanje:

   

   Uma kungenjalo, susa lonke ulwazi olungadingekile kusuka kudokhumenti.

2. Njengoba usuweqa umugqa owodwa, faka imingcele elandelayo:

   Vula igama [inethiwekhi ye-interface] inet dhcp
auto [inethiwekhi yesikhangiso se-network]

3. Londoloza izinguquko ngokucindezela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi Ctrl + O futhi uqinisekisa isenzo ngesikhiye Ngena.
4. Yeka umhleli wombhalo ngokuchofoza Ctrl + X.

Ngenxa yalokho, ifayela lokucushwa kufanele libe nefomu elilandelayo:

Lokhu kugcwalisa ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi yocingo nge-IP enamandla. Uma i-intanethi ingabonakali, bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha, kwezinye izimo iyasiza.

Kukhona enye, indlela elula kakhulu yokwenza uxhumano lwe-intanethi.

i-sudo ip addr engeza [ikheli lekhadi le-network] / [inombolo yezinkinobho engxenyeni yesiqalo yekheli] dev [igama lesikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi]

Qaphela: Ulwazi lwekheli lekhadi lenethiwekhi lungatholakala ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ifconfig. Emiphumeleni, inani elidingekayo lilandela "i-inet addr".

Ngemva kokusebenzisa umyalo, i-intanethi kufanele ivele ngokushesha kukhompyutha, uma nje yonke idatha ishiwo kahle. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwale ndlela ukuthi ngemuva kokuba i-computer iqale kabusha, iyophela, futhi kuzodingeka usebenze lo myalo futhi.

IP Static

Ukuhlela IP static kusuka okunamandla kuhlukile kwinombolo yedatha okumelwe ifakwe efayeleni "interfaces". Ukwenza uxhumano olunembile kwenethiwekhi, udinga ukwazi:

• igama lekhadi lakho lenethiwekhi;
• I-subnet imaski ye-IP;
• ikheli lesango;
• Ikheli le-DNS iseva;

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yonke le datha kufanele unikeze umhlinzeki. Uma unayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Vula ifayela lokucushwa.

   sudo nano / njll / inethiwekhi / ukuxhumana

2. Uma i-paragraph ihoxisiwe, thayipha yonke imingcele kanje:

   vula [igama lenethiwekhi ye-interface] inet static
ikheli [ikheli] (ikheli lekhadi le-network)
i-netmask [ikheli] (i-subnet mask)
isango [ikheli] (ikheli lesango)
i-dns-nameservers [ikheli] (ikheli le-DNS yeseva)
auto [inethiwekhi yesikhangiso se-network]

3. Londoloza izinguquko.
4. Vala umhleli wombhalo.

Ngenxa yalokho, yonke idatha efayeleni kufanele ibukeke kanje:

Manje ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi eyindilinga ene-IP static kungacatshangwa kuphelele. Ngendlela efanayo neyashintshayo, kutuswa ukuthi uqalise kabusha ikhompyutha ukuze izinguquko zisebenze.

PPPoE

Uma umhlinzeki wakho enikeza amasevisi we-PPPoE kuwe, ukucushwa kufanele kwenziwe nge-Umbuso okhethekile ofakwe ngaphambilini ku-Ubuntu Server. Kubizwa i-pppoeconf. Ukuxhuma ikhompyutha yakho kwi-inthanethi, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Qalisa umyalo:

   sudo pppoeconf

2. Esikhathini sokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esibukekayo, sizame kuze kube yilapho imishini yenethiwekhi ishintshwe.
3. Kuloluhlu, chofoza Ngena phezu kwesikhombikubona senethiwekhi ozoyihlela.

Qaphela: uma une-interface eyodwa kuphela yenethiwekhi, leli festile lizokwehliswa.

4. Ewindini "IZINHLOKO EZIKHULU" chofoza "Yebo".



5. Ewindini elilandelayo, uzocelwa ukuthi ungene ngemvume nephasiwedi yakho - faka futhi uqinisekise ngokuchofoza "Kulungile". Uma ungenalo idatha nawe, shayela umhlinzeki futhi uthole lolu lwazi kuye.



6. Ewindini "SEBISA i-PEER DNS" chofoza "Cha"uma ikheli le-IP liyi-static, futhi "Yebo"uma kunamandla. Esikhathini sokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi ufake i-DNS iseva ngesandla.



7. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhawulela ubukhulu be-MSS kuya kuma-bytes angu-1,452. Udinga ukunikeza imvume, izoqeda ukuthi kungenzeka iphutha elibucayi lapho ufaka amanye amasayithi.



8. Okulandelayo, khetha impendulo "Yebo"uma ufuna ikhompyutha yakho ixhumeke ngokuzenzakalelayo kwinethiwekhi ngemuva kokuqaliswa. "Cha" - uma ungafuni.
9. Ewindini "QHUMANA UKUBHUMANA"ngokuchofoza "Yebo", unikeza imvume ku-Umbuso ukusetha uxhumano okwamanje.

Uma ukhetha "Cha", khona-ke ungakwazi ukuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi kamuva ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

sudo pon dsl-umhlinzeki

Ungaphinda uqede uxhumano lwe-PPPoE nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuthayipha umyalo olandelayo:

sudo poff dsl-umhlinzeki

I-DIAL-UP

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungisa i-DIAL-UP: usebenzisa i-Umbuso pppconfig futhi wenze izilungiselelo kwifayili yokucushwa "wvdial.conf". Indlela yokuqala kulesi sihloko ngeke ixoxwe ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba imfundo ifana nesigaba esedlule. Konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani Umbuso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, run:

sudo pppconfig

Ngemuva kokubulawa, isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esingabonakali sizovela. Ukuphendula imibuzo ezocelwa kwinqubo, ungaqalisa uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP.

Qaphela: uma uthola kunzima ukuphendula imibuzo ethile, kutuswa ukuthi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho ngokubonisana.

Ngendlela yesibili, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi encane kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi ifayela lokucushwa "wvdial.conf" Ayikho uhlelo, futhi ukuyilungisa, kuzodingeka ufake uhlelo olukhethekile olusebenzayo, olwenziwa phakathi komsebenzi walo, lufunda lonke ulwazi oludingekayo kusuka kumodemu futhi lufake kuleli fayela.

1. Faka isevisi ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

   sudo apt ukufaka wvdial

2. Qalisa ifayela eliphathekayo ngomyalo:

   sudo wvdialconf

   Kulesi sigaba, i-utility yakha ifayela lokumisa futhi yangena kuyo yonke imingcele edingekayo. Manje udinga ukufaka idatha kusuka kumhlinzeki ukuze uxhumano lusungulwe.

3. Vula ifayela "wvdial.conf" ngombhalo wombhalo nano:

   sudo nano /etc/wvdial.conf

4. Faka idatha emigqeni Ifoni, Igama lomsebenzisi futhi Iphasiwedi. Yonke imininingwane ongayithola kusuka kumhlinzeki.



5. Londoloza izinguquko bese uphuma umhleli wombhalo.

Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezenziwe, ukuze uxhumane ne-intanethi, kufanele nje usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

sudo wvdial

Njengoba ungabona, indlela yesibili kunzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neyokuqala, kodwa ngosizo lwayo ongasetha yonke imingcele yokuxhumeka okudingekayo futhi uyifake ekusebenziseni i-inthanethi.

Isiphetho

Ubuntu Server inezo zonke amathuluzi adingekayo ukulungisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-inthanethi. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nezindlela eziningana zihlongozwayo. Into esemqoka ukwazi yonke imiyalo edingekayo nedatha okudingayo ukungena kumafayela okucushwa.