Esinye sezibalo eziyisisekelo zezomnotho nezomnotho zomsebenzi wanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi ukucacisa ukuphumula-ngisho nephuzu layo. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi yiliphi ivolumu yokukhiqiza umsebenzi wenhlangano ezoba nenzuzo futhi ngeke ilahlekelwe ukulahleka. I-Excel inikeza abasebenzisi ngamathuluzi enza lula incazelo yale nkomba futhi abonise umphumela ngokucacile. Ake sithole ukuthi singayisebenzisa kanjani lapho sithola ukuphumula-ngisho nokukhomba ngesibonelo esithile.
Ukuphumula-iphuzu
Okusemqoka kokuphumula-ngisho nephuzu lokuthola ukubaluleka kokukhiqizwa lapho inzuzo yenzuzo (ukulahleka) kuyoba yero. Okusho ukuthi, ngokunyuka kwemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza, inkampani izoqala ukubonisa inzuzo yalomsebenzi, futhi ngokunciphisa - ukungabi nzuzo.
Uma ubala ikhefu-ngisho nephuzu udinga ukuqonda ukuthi zonke izindleko zebhizinisi zingahlukaniswa zibe ziguquguquke futhi ziguquguquke. Iqembu lokuqala alixhomeki kumthamo wokukhiqiza futhi alishintshi. Lokhu kungabandakanya inani lemishayo yabasebenzi bokuphatha, izindleko zokuqasha izakhiwo, ukwehla kwempahla ehleliwe, njll. Kodwa izindleko eziguqukayo zixhomeke ngokuqondile emthamo wokukhiqiza. Lokhu, okokuqala, kumele kufake izindleko zokuthenga izinto ezibonakalayo namandla, ngakho lolu hlobo lwezindleko luvame ukukhonjiswa ngeyunithi ngayinye yokukhiqizwa.
Umqondo wokuphumula-ngisho nephuzu lixhunywe nesilinganiso sezindleko ezihleliwe nezingaguquguquki. Kuze kutholakale umthamo othile wokukhiqiza, izindleko ezihleliwe ziba yinani elikhulu emalini ephelele yokukhiqiza, kodwa ngokunyuka kwevolumu, isabelo sabo siwa, ngakho-ke izindleko zeyunithi yezimpahla ezikhiqiwe ziyawa. Ezingeni lokuphumula-ngisho nakwephuzu, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kanye neholo engenayo ekudayiseni kwezimpahla noma amasevisi zilingana. Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizeni, inkampani iqala ukwenza inzuzo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa imiqulu yokukhiqiza lapho kutholakala khona iphuzu lokuphumula.
Ukuphumula-ngisho nokubala kokubala
Sizobala lesi sibonakaliso sisebenzisa amathuluzi ohlelweni lwe-Excel, futhi sakha igrafu lapho sizobeka khona iphuzu lokuphumula. Ngokwezibalo sizosebenzisa itafula lapho idatha elandelayo yokuqala yomsebenzi webhizinisi iboniswa:
- Izindleko ezihleliwe;
- Izindleko eziguqukayo ngayinye yokukhiqiza;
- Intengo yokuthengisa ngayinye ngayinye yokukhishwa.
Ngakho-ke, sizobala idatha, ngokususelwa kumanani adalwe etafuleni esithombeni ngezansi.
- Sakha itafula elisha ngokusekelwe kuthebula lomthombo. Ikholomu yokuqala yetafula elisha kubuningi bezimpahla (noma inkatho) eyenziwe yibhizinisi. Okusho ukuthi inombolo yomugqa izokhombisa inani lempahla eyenziwe. Ekholini yesibili yinani lezindleko ezihleliwe. Kuzolingana nathi kuzo zonke imigqa. 25000. Ikholomu yesithathu ingqikithi yenani lezindleko eziguquguqukayo. Leli gugu lomugqa ngamunye lizolingana nomkhiqizo wezimpahla zezimpahla, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kweseli elihambelanayo kukholomu yokuqala, Ama-ruble angu-2000.
Esikhathini sekholomu sesine inani lezindleko. Yingqikithi yamaseli womugqa ohambelana nekholomu yesibili nowesithathu. Kukholomu yesihlanu yinzuzo engenayo. Kubalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani lentengo (4500 r.) enamba yabo yokuqoqa, ekhonjiswa emgqeni ohambelana nekholomu yokuqala. Ikholomu yesithupha iqukethe insizakalo yenzuzo enetha. Kubalwa ngokukhipha okuvela kwingqikithi yenzuzo (ikholomu 5) inani lemali (ikholomu 4).
Okungukuthi, kulawo migqa enenani elingalungile kumaseli ahambelana nekholomu yokugcina, kukhona ukulahlekelwa kwebhizinisi, kulabo lapho inkomba izobe khona 0 - i-break-even point has reached, futhi kulabo lapho kuyoba khona okuhle - inzuzo emisebenzini yenhlangano ibonakala.
Ukuze ucacise, gcwalisa 16 imigqa. Ikholomu yokuqala izoba inombolo yemikhiqizo (noma inkatho) kusuka 1 kuze kube 16. Amakholomu alandelayo agcwaliswa ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm echaziwe ngenhla.
- Njengoba ungabona, iphuzu-iphuzu ngisho kufinyelelwe at 10 umkhiqizo. Yingaleso sikhathi imali engenayo (ama-ruble angu-45,000) afana nezindleko eziphelele, futhi inzuzo enhle iyalingana 0. Kakade kusukela ekukhululweni komkhiqizo weshumi nanye, inkampani ibonise umsebenzi onenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kithi, ukuphumula-ngisho nokukhomba kwenkomba yokulinganisa 10 amayunithi, futhi ngemali - Ama-ruble angu-45,000.
Ukudala isimiso
Ngemuva kwetafula kudalwe lapho ibala lokuphumula libala khona, ungakha igrafu lapho leli phethini lizobonakala khona. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzodingeka sakhe umdwebo ngemigqa emibili ekhombisa izindleko kanye nezindleko zebhizinisi. Emgwaqeni wale migqa emibili kuyoba iphuzu-iphuzu. Ngaphandle kwe-axis X leli shidi liyoba inani lamayunithi wezimpahla, futhi ku-axis Y inani lemali.
- Iya kuthebhu "Faka". Chofoza kusithonjana "Indawo"okuyinto efakwe kwi-tape ebhodini lamathuluzi "Amashadi". Sinokukhetha kwezinhlobo eziningana zamagrafu. Ukuxazulula inkinga yethu, uhlobo lufanelekile. "I-Dot ene-curves ebushelelezi namaka"ngakho chofoza kule nto ohlwini. Noma, uma uthanda, ungasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zemidwebo.
- Indawo eshadile engenalutho ivula ngaphambi kwethu. Kufanele kugcwaliswe idatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza ngakwesokudla endaweni. Emenyu esebenziwe, khetha isikhundla "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindi yokukhetha imithombo yedatha iqala. Kukhona ibhola ngakwesokunxele salo "Elements of the legend (imigqa)". Sicindezela inkinobho "Engeza"esitholakala ebhokisini ecacisiwe.
- Ngaphambi kwethu kuvula iwindi elibizwa ngokuthi "Shintsha umugqa". Kuyo kumele sibonise izixhumanisi zokusabalalisa idatha, ngesisekelo seyodwa yamagrafu azokwakhiwa. Ukuqala sizokwakha isimiso lapho izindleko ezijwayelekile zizoboniswa khona. Ngakho-ke, ensimini "Igama lomzila" faka ukungena kwekhibhodi "Izindleko Zonke".
Ensimini X Izimiso ucacise izixhumanisi zedatha elisekholomu "Isibalo sempahla". Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha isikhangiso kule nsimu, bese-ke, uma ucindezela inkinobho yesinxele segundane, khetha ikholomu elihambelanayo letafula kushidi. Njengoba ungabona, ngemuva kwalezi zenzo, izixhumanisi zayo zizoboniswa efasiteleni lokuhlela irowu.
Esikhathini esilandelayo "Amanani Y" kufanele ibonise ikheli lekholomu "Izindleko Zonke"lapho idatha esiyidingayo ikhona. Senza ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm engenhla: faka isikhombisi ensimini futhi ukhethe amaseli wekholomu edingekayo inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele icindezelekile. Idatha izoboniswa endle.
Emva kokusebenza okukwenziwe ngenhla, chofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile"efakwe ngaphansi kwefasitela.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ibuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo ewindini lokukhetha umthombo wedatha. Kudingeka futhi ucindezele inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwalokhu ishidi lizobonisa igrafu yezindleko eziphelele zebhizinisi.
- Manje kufanele sakha umugqa wemali engenayo yebhizinisi. Ngale njongo, chofoza ngakwesokudla endaweni yeshadi, esivele inomugqa wezindleko eziphelele zenhlangano. Emenyu yomongo, khetha isikhundla "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindi yokukhetha imithombo yedatha iqala futhi, lapho okudingayo ukuchofoza inkinobho futhi. "Engeza".
- Iwindi elincane lokuguqulwa komugqa livula. Ensimini "Igama lomzila" ngalesi sikhathi sibhala "Imali engenayo".
Ensimini X Izimiso kufanele ufake izixhumanisi zekholomu "Isibalo sempahla". Senza lokhu ngendlela efanayo esiyicabangayo uma sakha umugqa wendleko esiphelele.
Ensimini "Amanani Y"Ngendlela efanayo, sichaza izixhumanisi zekholomu. "Imali engenayo".
Ngemva kokwenza lezi zenzo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lokukhetha imithombo yedatha ivaliwe ngokuchofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".
- Ngemuva kwalokho, umugqa wemali engenayo uzoboniswa ngendiza yeshidi. Kuyinto iphuzu lokuhlangana kwemigqa yemali engenayo kanye nezindleko eziphelele kuyoba yiphuzu-iphuzu.
Ngakho-ke, sifeze imigomo yokudala lolu hlelo.
Isifundo: Indlela yokwenza umdwebo ku-Excel
Njengoba ubona, iphuzu-iphuzu lize lisekelwe ekuzimeni komthamo wokukhipha, lapho izindleko eziphelele zizolingana nemali engenayo. Ngokwemifanekiso, lokhu kubonakala ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yezindleko kanye nezindleko, futhi ekutholeni iphuzu lenkambano yabo, okuyinto ezoba iphuzu-ngisho iphuzu. Ukwenza lokho kubalwa kuyisisekelo ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni imisebenzi yanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi.
