Ngokuvamile kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yokuhweba, into ebalulekile yomsebenzi ukuhlanganisa uhlu lwamanani wezimpahla noma amasevisi anikeziwe. Kungadalwa besebenzisa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zesofthiwe. Kodwa, njengoba kungamangalisi kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungabonakala sengathi kuyindlela elula futhi elula kakhulu yokwakha uhlu lwamanani usebenzisa ispredishithi evamile ye-Microsoft Excel. Ake sibone ukuthi ungenza kanjani inqubo ecacisiwe kuloluhlelo.
Inqubo yokwakha uhlu lwamanani
Uhlu lwamanani luyithebula lapho igama lezimpahla (amasevisi) anikezwe inkampani kuboniswa, incazelo yabo emfushane (kwezinye izimo), futhi ngempela izindleko. Izibonelo eziphambili kakhulu nazo ziqukethe izithombe zezimpahla. Ngaphambili, ngokwemvelo, sasivame ukusebenzisa elinye igama elifanayo - uhlu lwamanani. Uma ucabangela ukuthi i-Microsoft Excel iyinqubo yespredishithi enamandla kunazo zonke, ukudala amatafula anjalo akufanele kubangele izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwakho ungahlela uhlu lwamanani ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Indlela 1: Uhlu Lwamanani Alula
Okokuqala, ake sicabangele isibonelo sokudweba uhlu oluthile lwamanani ngaphandle kwemifanekiso nedatha eyengeziwe. Izoba namakholomu amabili kuphela: igama lomkhiqizo nokubaluleka kwalo.
- Nikeza igama lohlu lwamanani esizayo. Igama kumele liqukathe ngokwalo igama lenhlangano noma indawo yebanga lomkhiqizo ohlanganiswa ngalo.
Igama kufanele lime futhi libheke iso. Ukubhalisa kungenziwa ngesimo sezithombe noma ukubhaliswa okukhanyayo. Njengoba sinamanani alula, sizokhetha ukhetho lwesibili. Okokuqala, ngakwesokunxele kweseli lomugqa wesibili wephepha le-Excel, sibhala igama lombhalo esisebenza nawo. Lokhu sikwenza okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ezinhlamvu ezinkulu.
Njengoba ubona, ngenkathi igama "liluhlaza" futhi lingenasisekelo, kusukela phakathi, empeleni, akukho ukuhlobana nalokho. "Umzimba" uhlu lwamanani alungakalungeli. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwegama sizobuya kamuva.
- Ngemuva kwegama, sidlula enye umugqa nasemgqeni olandelayo wekhasi kubonisa amagama amakholomu ohlwini lwamanani. Ake siqale ikholomu yokuqala "Igama lomkhiqizo", kanti eyesibili - "Izindleko, shinta.". Uma kunesidingo, sandisa imingcele yamaseli, uma amagama ekholomu ahamba ngaphesheya kwawo.
- Esigabeni esilandelayo, sigcwalisa uhlu lwamanani ngolwazi ngokwaso. Lokhu kungukuthi, emakholomu ahambisanayo sibhala amagama wezimpahla inhlangano ethengisayo nezindleko zabo.
- Futhi, uma amagama wezimpahla ahamba ngaphesheya kwemingcele yamaseli, siyakwandisa, futhi uma amagama asinde kakhulu, khona-ke sifometha iseli ngekhono lokudlulisela ngamagama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha ishidi leshidi noma iqembu lezici lapho sizokwenza ukudluliselwa ngamagama. Chofoza inkinobho yesokudla yegundane, ngaleyo ndlela ubiza imenyu yesimo. Khetha isikhundla kuso "Fometha amaseli ...".
- Ifasitela lokufometha iqala. Yiya kuso kuthebhu "Ukuqondanisa". Bese uhlola ibhokisi "Bonisa" eduze kwepharamitha "Phatha ngamazwi". Sicindezela inkinobho "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
- Njengoba ungabona, ngemuva kwalokhu amagama omkhiqizo ohlwini lwamanani alandelayo adluliselwa ngamagama, uma engeke abekwe esikhaleni esabelwe lesi sici seshidi.
- Manje, ukuze umthengi ahambe kangcono emigqeni, ungadonsela imingcele yetafula lethu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha lonke uhla lwetafula uphinde uye kuthebhu "Ikhaya". Esigodini samathuluzi ku-tape "Ifonti" kunenkinobho ebhekene nemingcele yokudweba. Sichofoza esithombeni ngesimo senxantathu ngakwesokudla sayo. Uhlu lwazo zonke izinkombiso ongakhetha kuzo. Khetha into "Yonke Imingcele".
- Njengoba ungabona, emva kwalokhu, uhlu lwamanani lube nemingcele futhi kulula ukuhamba kulo.
- Manje sidinga ukungeza umbala wangemuva kanye nefonti yedokhumenti. Ayikho imingcele eqinile kule nqubo, kodwa kunezimiso ezihlukene ezingabhalwanga. Isibonelo, imibala yefonti nesizinda kufanele iphikisana nomunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izinhlamvu zingahlanganisi ngemuva. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa imibala efanayo ekwakheni kwesizinda nombhalo futhi akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa imibala efanayo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, izinhlamvu zizohlanganiswa ngokuphelele ngemuva futhi zingafundiwe. Kunconywa ukuba ungasebenzisi imibala enobudlova osika amehlo.
Ngakho, ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele bese ukhetha lonke uhla lwetafula. Kulesi simo, ungathatha umugqa owodwa ongenalutho ngaphansi kwetafula nangaphezulu kwawo. Okulandelayo, iya kuthebhu "Ikhaya". Ebhokisini lamathuluzi "Ifonti" kukhona isithonjana ku-ribbon "Gcwalisa". Sichofoza kunxantathu, ekhona ngakwesokudla kwayo. Uhlu lwemibala etholakalayo luvuleka. Khetha umbala esicabanga ukuthi ufaneleka kakhulu ohlwini lwamanani.
- Njengoba ungabona, umbala ukhethwe. Manje, uma ufisa, ungashintsha ifonti. Ukuze senze lokhu, siphinde sikhethe ububanzi betafula, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ngaphandle kwegama. Kuthebhu efanayo "Ikhaya" eqenjini lamathuluzi "Ifonti" kunenkinobho "Umbala Wombhalo". Chofoza kunxantathu ngakwesokudla. Njengesikhathi sokugcina, uhlu luvulwa ngokukhetha imibala, kuphela lesi sikhathi sefonti. Khetha umbala ngokuvumelana nezintandokazi zakho kanye nemithetho engaqinisekisiwe exoxwe ngenhla.
- Futhi, khetha konke okuqukethwe kwetafula. Kuthebhu "Ikhaya" ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ukuqondanisa" chofoza inkinobho "Hlanganisa Isikhungo".
- Manje udinga ukwenza amagama amakholomu. Khetha izakhi zeshidi eziqukethe. Kuthebhu "Ikhaya" ku-block "Ifonti" chofoza i-ribbon kusithonjana "Bold" ngesimo sencwadi "F". Ungaphinde uthayiphe ama-hotkeys esikhundleni. Ctrl + B.
- Manje kufanele sibuyele egameni lohlu lwamanani. Okokuqala, sizokwenza ukubekwa phakathi. Khetha zonke izakhi zeshidi ezisemgqeni ofanayo njengesihloko kuze kube sekupheleni kwethebula. Chofoza ekukhethweni ngenkinobho yegundane efanele. Kumenyu yesimo, khetha into "Fometha amaseli ...".
- Iwindi lefomethi yamaseli asevele ajwayele kithi avula. Hambisa kuthebhu "Ukuqondanisa". Ebhokisini lesethingi "Ukuqondanisa" insimu evulekile "Ngokuvamile". Khetha into ohlwini "Ukukhetha okuphakathi". Emva kwalokho, ukuze ulondoloze izilungiselelo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" phansi kwefasitela.
- Njengoba ungabona, manje igama lohlu lwamanani lisendaweni etafuleni. Kodwa sisadingeka ukusebenza kuso. Kufanele kancane ukwandise usayizi wefonti futhi ushintshe umbala. Khetha amaseli lapho igama libekwa khona. Kuthebhu "Ikhaya" ku-block "Ifonti" chofoza kunxantathu kwesokudla kwesithonjana "Usayizi wefonti". Kusukela ohlwini, khetha usayizi wefonti oyifunayo. Kumele kube mkhulu kunezinye izakhi zeshidi.
- Emva kwalokho, ungenza futhi umbala wefonti igama lihlukile kumbala wefonti wezinye izakhi. Senza lokhu ngendlela efanayo ukuthi sashintsha le parameter kokuqukethwe kwetafula, okungukuthi, usebenzisa ithuluzi "Umbala Wefonti" kwi-tape.
Kulokhu singacabanga ukuthi uhlu lwamanani olulula alungele ukuphrinta kuphrinta. Kodwa, naphezu kokuthi idokhumenti lilula, umuntu akanakusho ukuthi libukeka lilukhuni noma lingenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, ukuklama kwayo ngeke kusabise amakhasimende noma amakhasimende. Kodwa-ke, uma kuthanda, ukubukeka kungathuthukiswa cishe ku-infinity.
Izifundo ngesihloko:
Ukufometha amathebula we-Excel
Ungaphrinta kanjani ikhasi ku-Excel
Indlela 2: yenza uhlu lwamanani ngezithombe ezihlala njalo
Kuhlu oluthe xaxa lwamanani eduze kwamagama wezimpahla yizithombe ezibabonisa. Lokhu kuvumela umthengi ukuthi athole umqondo ongcono womkhiqizo. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kungafezeka kanjani.
- Okokuqala, kufanele ngabe sesilungiselele izithombe zezimpahla ezigcinwe kwi-disk eyinkimbinkimbi yekhompyutha noma emithonjeni ekhishwayo exhunywe kwi-PC. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi zitholakala endaweni eyodwa, futhi zingasakazwa ezihlokweni ezahlukene. Esikhathini esilandelayo, lo msebenzi uba nzima kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokuxazululwa kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukwenza ukuhleleka.
- Futhi, ngokungafani netafula langaphambilini, uhlu lwamanani lungaba nzima kakhulu. Uma ngendlela yangaphambilini igama lomkhiqizo lomkhiqizo kanye nomodeli lalisesitokisini esisodwa, manje ake siwahlukanise emakholomu amabili ahlukene.
- Okulandelayo, kudingeka sikhethe ukuthi iyiphi ikholomu ezoba izithombe zezimpahla. Ngalesi sizathu, ungangezela ikholomu ngakwesokunxele kwetafula, kodwa kungaba ngcono uma ikholomu enezithombe itholakala phakathi kwamakholomu egama le-model kanye nenani lezimpahla. Ukwengeza ikholomu entsha kuphaneli yokuxhumanisa enezingqimba, chofoza ngakwesokunxele emkhakheni lapho ikheli lekholomu litholakala khona "Izindleko". Emva kwalokho, lonke ikholomu kufanele likhethwe. Bese uye kuthebhu "Ikhaya" bese uchofoza inkinobho Namathiselaesitholakala kwibhulogi yamathuluzi "Amaseli" kwi-tape.
- Njengoba ungabona, emva kwalokho ngakwesokunxele kwekholomu "Izindleko" ikholomu entsha engenalutho izongezwa. Siyamnika igama, isibonelo "Umkhiqizo womkhiqizo".
- Emva kwalokho iya kuthebhu "Faka". Chofoza kusithonjana "Ukudweba"okuyinto e-tape ebhodini lamathuluzi "Imifanekiso".
- Iwindi lokufaka isithombe livula. Yiya esiqondisweni lapho izithombe ezanduliwe zezimpahla zitholakala khona. Khetha isithombe esivumelana negama lezinto zokuqala. Chofoza inkinobho Namathisela phansi kwefasitela.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, isithombe sifakwe eshidi ngosayizi ogcwele. Ngokwemvelo, sidinga ukunciphisa ukuze sivumelane neseli lesayizi elamukelekayo. Ukwenza lokhu, ukuma ngokuhlukile emaphethelweni ahlukene wesithombe. I-cursor iguqulwa kumcibisholo we-bidirectional. Bamba inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uhudulela isikhombisi enkabeni yesithombe. Senza inqubo efanayo ngomngcele ngamunye, kuze kube umdwebo uthatha ubukhulu obamukelekayo.
- Manje sidinga ukuhlela usayizi weseli, ngoba njengamanje ukuphakama kweseli kuncane kakhulu ukulingana nesithombe kahle. Ububanzi, ngokujwayelekile, buyanelisa. Sizokwenza izakhi zesikwele seshidi ukuze ukuphakama kwabo kulingane nobubanzi. Kulokhu udinga ukwazi inani lobubanzi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha isikhombisi emkhawulweni oqondile wekholomu. "Umkhiqizo womkhiqizo" kwi-bar enezingqimba zezixhumanisi. Emva kwalokho, ubambe inkinobho yesinxele segundane. Njengoba ubona, amapharamitha ububanzi aboniswa. Okokuqala, ububanzi bukhonjisiwe ezinyunithi ezithile ezingahambisani. Asiyinaki le nzuzo, ngoba leyunithi yobubanzi nobude ayihambisani. Sibuka futhi sikhumbule inombolo yamaphikseli, okukhonjiswa kubakaki. Le nzuzo iyonke, kokubili ngobubanzi nokuphakama.
- Manje kufanele usethe ubukhulu obufanayo bokuphakama kwamaseli njengoba kwacaciswa ububanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha isikhombisi ku-panel yokuxhumanisa ecacile inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele igxiliwe, leyo migqa yetafula okufanele ikhuliswe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ku-panel efanayo yokuhlela, siya emngceleni ophansi kwanoma yimiphi imigqa ekhethiwe. Kulesi simo, i-cursor kufanele iguqulwe ibe umcibisholo ofanayo we-bidirectional, esiyibonayo kuphaneli enezingqimba zezixhumanisi. Bamba inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uhudula umcibisholo ophansi. Donsela kuze kufike ukuphakama usayizi wepikelli olubanzi. Ngemva kokufinyelela leli nani, ngokushesha ukhulule inkinobho yegundane.
- Njengoba ubona, emva kwalokhu, ukuphakama kwawo wonke imigqa ekhethiwe kwanda, naphezu kokuthi sidonsela umngcele womunye wabo. Manje wonke amaseli asekholomu "Umkhiqizo womkhiqizo" ube nomumo wesigcawu.
- Okulandelayo, sidinga ukubeka isithombe, esasifake ngaphambilini eshadini, esikhaleni sokuqala sekholomu "Umkhiqizo womkhiqizo". Ukuze senze lokhu, sihambisa isikhombisi kuso futhi sibambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele. Bese uhudula isithombe esitokisini esilitshe bese ubeka isithombe kuso. Yebo, lokhu akuyona iphutha. Isithombe esise-Excel singafakwa ngaphezulu kwesici seshidi, futhi singangeni kuso.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenza ukuthi ngokushesha usayizi wesithombe uzohambisana ngokuphelele nosayizi weseli. Mhlawumbe isithombe sizohamba ngaphezu kwemingcele yaso noma sihluleke ukuyifinyelela. Sishintsha ubukhulu besithombe ngokudonsa imingcele yayo, njengoba kakade kwenziwe ngenhla.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isithombe kufanele sibe sincane kakhulu kunosayizi weseli, okungukuthi, kufanele kube negebe elincane kakhulu phakathi kwemingcele yeshidi neshidi.
- Emva kwalokho, ngendlela efanayo, sifaka ezakhiweni ezihambelana nekholomu ezinye izithombe ezilungiselelwe zezimpahla.
Kuloku kudalwa uhlu lwamanani nezithombe zezimpahla kubhekwa ukuthi kugcwaliswe. Manje uhlu lwamanani lunganyatheliswa noma luhlinzekwe kumakhasimende ngefomu lobuchwepheshe, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokusabalalisa olukhethiwe.
Isifundo: Indlela yokufaka isithombe esitokisini ku-Excel
Indlela 3: yenza uhlu lwamanani ngemifanekiso evelayo
Kodwa, njengoba sibona, izithombe eziseshidi ziphethe ingxenye ebalulekile yesikhala, okwandisa ubukhulu bezinhlu zamanani eziphakama izikhathi eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonisa izithombe kufanele ungeze ikholomu eyodwa eyengeziwe. Uma ungahle uhlele ukuphrinta uhlu lwamanani, kodwa uzoyisebenzisa futhi uyinike amakhasimende kuphela ngekhompyutha, khona-ke ungawabulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa: buyisela usayizi wetafula kulabo ababengaphakathi Indlela 1, kodwa shiya ithuba lokubuka izithombe zezimpahla. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa uma sibeka izithombe ezingekho kukholomu ehlukile, kodwa kumanothi wamaseli aqukethe igama lesibonelo.
- Khetha iseli lokuqala kukholomu. "Isibonelo" chofoza kuso nge inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla. Imenyu yenkomfa iqaliswa. Kuyo sikhetha isikhundla "Faka Inothi".
- Emva kwalokho iwindi lezinothi livula. Hambisa isikhombi phezu komngcele wayo bese uchofoza ngakwesokudla. Uma uhlose, i-cursor kufanele iguqulwe ibe isithonjana ngendlela yemicibisholo ekhomba ngezindlela ezine. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza iphuzu ngqo emngceleni, futhi hhayi ukwenza ngaphakathi kwindwangu yamanothi, ngoba kule ndaba yokugcina ifasitela lokufometha ngeke livule ngendlela esiyidingayo kuleli cala. Ngakho, emva kokuchofoza kwenziwa, imenyu yenkomfa iqaliswa. Kuyo sikhetha isikhundla "Qaphela ifomethi ...".
- Iwindi lesakhiwo senothi livula. Hambisa kuthebhu "Imibala nemigqa". Ebhokisini lesethingi "Gcwalisa" chofoza ensimini "Umbala". Uhlu luvuleka ngoluhlu lwemilayezo egcwele njengezimpawu. Kodwa asikho isithakazelo kulokhu. Ngezansi ohlwini upharamitha "Gcwalisa Izindlela ...". Yenza ngokuchofoza kukho.
- Olunye iwindi lusiwe, olubizwa ngokuthi "Gcwalisa Izindlela". Hambisa kuthebhu "Ukudweba". Okulandelayo, chofoza inkinobho "Ukudweba ..."etholakala endizeni yefasitela.
- Ihambela ngqo ifasitela lokukhetha elifanayo lesithombe, esilisebenzisile kakade uma sicabangela indlela yangaphambilini yokudala uhlu lwamanani. Eqinisweni, izenzo ezikuyo zidinga ukwenza okufanayo ngokufanayo: iya kwisiqondisi sendawo yesithombe, khetha isithombe esifunayo (kuleli cala elihambisana negama lokuqala kuluhlu), chofoza inkinobho Namathisela.
- Emva kwalokho, isithombe esikhethiwe siboniswa ewindini lemodi yokugcwalisa. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile"ibekwe phansi.
- Ngemva kokwenza lesi senzo, siphinde sibuyele kufomethi yamanothi. Lapha kufanele futhi uchofoze inkinobho. "Kulungile" ukuze izilungiselelo zisetshenziswe.
- Manje uma uhambela ngaphezu kweseli lokuqala kukholomu "Isibonelo" Isithombe se-model ehambisanayo yedivayisi sizoboniswa encwadini.
- Okulandelayo, kuzodingeka siphindele zonke izinyathelo ezingenhla zalendlela yokwakha uhlu lwamanani kwezinye izinhlobo. Ngeshwa, ukusheshisa inqubo ngeke kusebenze, ngoba udinga kuphela ukufaka isithombe esithile encwadini yesitokisi esithile. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlu lwamanani luqukethe uhlu olukhulu lwezimpahla, bese ulungele ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokugcwalisa ngemifanekiso. Kodwa ekugcineni uzothola uhlu lwamanani e-elekthronikhi oluhle kakhulu, oluzobe lugcinwa kakhulu futhi lunolwazi.
Isifundo: Sebenzisa amanothi ku-Excel
Yiqiniso, sinikeze izibonelo ezikude kuzo zonke izinketho zokudala uhlu lwamanani. Umkhawulo wecala kuleli cala kungaba ngumcabango wesintu kuphela. Kodwa kusukela kulezo zibonelo ezikhulunywe kulesi sifundo, kusobala ukuthi uhlu lwamanani noma, njengoba kuthiwa ngenye indlela, uhlu lwamaxabiso lungaba lula futhi luncane kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kunalokho luyinkimbinkimbi, ngokusekelwa kwezithombe eziphakanyisiwe uma uhamba phezu kwabo isikhombisi segundane. Iyiphi indlela yokukhetha indlela ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthi ngubani abathengi bakho abangekho nokuthi uzokunikeza kanjani lolu hlu lwamanani: ephepheni noma kuspredishithi.
