Sebenza ngamatafula axhunyiwe ku-Microsoft Excel

Uma wenza imisebenzi ethile e-Excel, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ubhekane namatafula amaningana, abuye ahlobene nomunye nomunye. Okusho ukuthi, idatha evela etafuleni elilodwa ihanjiswe kwenye, futhi uma ishintsha, amanani kuzo zonke izigaba zetafula ezihlobene abuyele kabusha.

Amathebula axhunyiwe ayasiza kakhulu ukucubungula ulwazi oluningi. Akuyona into elula kakhulu ukuba nayo yonke imininingwane etafuleni elilodwa, futhi uma ingahambisani. Kunzima ukusebenza ngezinto ezinjalo futhi uzifune. Le nkinga ihloswe ukuqeda amatafula ahlobene, ulwazi phakathi kokusakazwa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo luhlobene. Amatafula etafuleni axhunyiwe angatholakali kuphela ngaphakathi kwekhasi elilodwa noma encwadini eyodwa, kodwa futhi atholakala ezincwadini ezihlukene (amafayela). Ngokwenza njalo, okukhethwa kukho kokugcina okubili kuyasetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba inhloso yalolu buchwepheshe ukugwema ukuqoqwa kwedatha, futhi ukuyifaka ekhasini elifanayo akuyikuxazulula ngokuyisisekelo inkinga. Masifunde indlela yokudala nendlela yokusebenza nalolu hlobo lokuphathwa kwedatha.

Ukudala amatafula axhunyiwe

Okokuqala, ake sihlale nombuzo wokuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukudala isixhumanisi phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zetafula.

Indlela 1: Ukuxhumanisa ngokuqondile amathebula ngefomula

Indlela elula yokuxhumanisa idatha ukusebenzisa amafomula axhumanisa kwamanye amathebula wethebula. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukubopha okuqondile. Le ndlela inembile, ngoba ngokuzibophezela kwenziwa cishe ngendlela efanayo nokudala ukuboniswa kwedatha kuhlu olulodwa lwetafula.

Ake sibone ukuthi isibonelo singakha kanjani isibopho ngokubopha ngqo. Sinamatafula amabili kumashidi amabili. Etafuleni elilodwa, inkokhelo ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula ngokuphindaphinda izinga labasebenzi ngesilinganiso esisodwa kubo bonke.

Esikhathini seshidi lesibini kukhona uhla lwamathebhu lapho kukhona uhlu lwabasebenzi abanemiholo yabo. Uhlu lwabasebenzi kuzo zombili izimo lunikezwa ngendlela efanayo.

Kudingekile ukwenza ukuze idatha kumanani avela eshidi lesibini idonselwa kumaseli ahambelana nasokuqala.

1. Ekhasini lokuqala, khetha ikholomu yokuqala yekholomu. "Bet". Sibeka uphawu lwakhe "=". Okulandelayo, chofoza ilebula "Ishidi 2"Okukhona ngakwesokunxele se-Excel esibonakalayo ngenhla ibha yesimo.



2. Ihambisa endaweni yesibili yedokhumenti. Chofoza kuseli lokuqala kukholomu. "Bet". Bese uchofoza inkinobho. Ngena kwikhibhodi ukwenza ukungena kwedatha esitokisini lapho isignali sasibekwa ngaphambilini kufana.



3. Khona-ke kukhona ushintsho othomathikhi eshidi lokuqala. Njengoba ubona, izinga lesisebenzi sokuqala etafuleni lesibili lihanjiswa esitokisini esifanele. Ngemva kokubeka isikhombisi kuseli eliqukethe ukubheja, sibona ukuthi ifomula evamile isetshenziselwa ukubonisa idatha esikrinini. Kodwa ngaphambi kwezixhumanisi zeseli lapho idatha iboniswa khona, kukhona inkulumo "Sheet2!"okukhombisa igama lendawo yedokhumenti lapho zitholakala khona. Ifomula evamile kulokhu yethu yile ndlela elandelayo:

   = Ishidi2! B2



4. Manje udinga ukudlulisa idatha emazingeni abo bonke abanye abasebenzi bebhizinisi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kungenziwa ngendlela efanayo esiyifezile umsebenzi wesisebenzi sokuqala, kodwa njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi kokubili uhlu lwabasebenzi luhlelwe ngendlela efanayo, lo msebenzi ungenziwa lula futhi wuleze isisombululo saso. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokumane ukopishe ifomula ebangeni elingezansi. Ngenxa yokuthi izixhumanisi ku-Excel zihlobene ngokuzenzakalelayo, uma zikopishwa, ukuguqulwa kwamagugu, yilokho esikudingayo. Inqubo yokukopisha ngokwayo ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa.

   Ngakho-ke, faka isikhombisi endaweni engezansi ephansi ye-element ngefomula. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-cursor kufanele iguqulwe ukuze igcwalise ifomu lesiphambano esimnyama. Senza i-clamp inkinobho yesinxele segundane bese uhudula isikhombisi kuze kube ngaphansi kwekholomu.



5. Yonke idatha evela kukholomu efanayo Ishidi 2 badonswa etafuleni Ishidi 1. Uma idatha iguquka Ishidi 2 bazoshintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo kokuqala.

Indlela 2: sebenzisa iqembu labaqhubi INDEX - MATCH

Kodwa kuthiwani uma uhlu lwabasebenzi kumatrays tabular aluhlelwe ngendlela efanayo? Kulesi simo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, enye yezinketho ukusetha ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawo maseli okufanele axhumene ngesandla. Kodwa lokhu kufanelekile kuphela amatafula amancane. Ngezigaba ezinkulu, lolu khetho, okungcono, luzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukusebenzisa, futhi nakakhulu - ngokwenza lokho ngeke kwenzeke nhlobo. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngeqembu lama-opharetha INDEX - MATCH. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani ngokuxhumanisa idatha emigqeni yamathala, okukhulunywe ngayo endleleni eyedlule.

1. Khetha into yokuqala kukholomu. "Bet". Iya ku Umsebenzi weWebhungokuchofoza isithonjana "Faka umsebenzi".



2. Ngaphakathi Umsebenzi wizard eqenjini "Izixhumanisi nezigaba" thola bese ukhetha igama INDEX.



3. Lo opharetha unezifomu ezimbili: ifomu lokusebenzisana ne-arrays nereferensi. Esimweni sethu, ukhetho lokuqala luyadingeka, ngakho ewindini elilandelayo lokukhetha ifomu elizovuleka, siyalikhetha bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



4. Ifasitelana lokuphikisana lomqhubi liye lasebenza. INDEX. Umsebenzi womsebenzi ocacisiwe ukukhombisa ukubaluleka okukude kukhethiwe kulayini nenombolo ecacisiwe. Ifomula yomsebenzi jikelele INDEX yilokhu:

   = INDEX (i-array; umugqa_inombolo; [ikholomu_inombolo])

   "Uhlu" - impikiswano equkethe ikheli lobubanzi lapho sizokhipha khona ulwazi ngenani lezintambo ezicacisiwe.

   "Inombolo yomugqa" - ingxabano eyinombolo yalolu umugqa uqobo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inombolo yomugqa akumele icaciswe ngokuphathelene nayo yonke idokhumenti, kodwa ihloselwe kuphela kumakhethi akhethiwe.

   "Inombolo yekholomu" - Iphikisana lingakhetha. Ukuxazulula inkinga yethu ngokukhethekile, ngeke sikusebenzise, ​​ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuchaza okusemqoka kwayo ngokwehlukana.

   Faka i-cursor ensimini "Uhlu". Emva kwalokho iya ku Ishidi 2 futhi, ubambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele, khetha konke okuqukethwe kukholomu "Bet".



5. Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumanisi ziboniswe efasiteleni lomsebenzisi, faka isikhombisi ensimini "Inombolo yomugqa". Sizobonisa le mpikiswano usebenzisa opharetha MATCH. Ngakho-ke, chofoza kunxantathu ehlala ngakwesokunxele komsebenzi womsebenzi. Uhlu lwamagaretha asanda kusetshenziswa luvula. Uma uthola phakathi kwabo igama "QHUBA"ke ungakwazi ukuchofoza kuso. Uma kungenjalo, chofoza into yamuva kakhulu ohlwini - "Ezinye izici ...".



6. Iwindi elijwayelekile liqala. Amakhosi omsebenzi. Yiya kuso eqenjini elifanayo. "Izixhumanisi nezigaba". Lesi sikhathi ohlwini, khetha into "QHUBA". Yenza ngokuchofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".



7. Ivuselela izimpikiswano zewindi le-opharetha MATCH. Umsebenzi ocacisiwe kuhloswe ukukhombisa inombolo yenani elithile ohlwini oluthile ngegama layo. Siyabonga ngaleli thuba, sizobala inombolo yomugqa wenani elithile lomsebenzi. INDEX. I-Syntax MATCH okwethulwa njengo:

   = MATCH (inani lokusesha; ukulandelana kokulinganisa; [match_type])

   "Inani elifunwa" - impikiswano equkethe igama noma ikheli leseli lebanga lesithathu lesithathu lapho likhona khona. Isikhundla salolu gama ebangeni elibhekiswe kulo okufanele libalwe. Esimweni sethu, ukuphikisana kokuqala kuzoba yizinombolo zocingo Ishidi 1lapho kukhona khona amagama abasebenzi.

   "Uhlu olubukiwe" - impikiswano emele isixhumanisi esinqumweni lapho inani elinikeziwe lifunwa khona ukuze linqume isikhundla salo. Sizodlala leli kholomu ikheli lekheli "Igama lokuqala kuqhubeke Ishidi 2.

   "Uhlobo Lokumaka" - ingxabano engakhetha, kodwa, ngokungafani nesitatimende esandulele, sizodinga le nkinga yokuzikhethela. Ibonisa indlela opharetha azofanisa ngayo inani elifunayo ne-array. Le mpikiswano ingaba neyodwa yamanani amathathu: -1; 0; 1. Ngezingxenye ezingavunyelwe, khetha inketho "0". Lolu khetho lulungele icala lethu.

   Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ukugcwalisa emasimini ewindi lezingxoxo. Faka i-cursor ensimini "Inani elifunwa", chofoza esitokisini sokuqala sekholomu "Igama" kuqhubeke Ishidi 1.



8. Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumanisi zikhonjiswa, setha isikhangiso ensimini "Uhlu olubukiwe" futhi uhambe kunqamuleli "Ishidi 2"elitholakala phansi kwefasitela le-Excel ngenhla ibha yesimo. Bamba inkinobho yesinxele yesinxele bese uqokomisa wonke amaseli kukholomu. "Igama".



9. Ngemuva kwezixhumanisi zabo kuboniswa ensimini "Uhlu olubukiwe"iya ensimini "Uhlobo Lokumaka" bese usetha inombolo kusuka kukhibhodi "0". Emva kwalokhu, sibuyela ensimini futhi. "Uhlu olubukiwe". Iqiniso liwukuthi sizokopisha ifomula, njengoba senze ngendlela eyedlule. Kuzoba khona amakheli, kepha sidinga ukulungisa izixhumanisi zendikimba ebhekwayo. Akufanele iguquke. Khetha izixhumanisi zesikhombisi bese uchofoza ukhiye womsebenzi F4. Njengoba ungabona, isibonakaliso se-dollar sivele phambi kwezixhumanisi, okusho ukuthi isixhumanisi esivela esihlotsheni sesiphelele. Bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



10. Umphumela uboniswa kuseli lokuqala lekholomu. "Bet". Kodwa ngaphambi kokukopisha, sidinga ukulungisa enye indawo, okungukuthi ingxabano yokuqala yomsebenzi INDEX. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha isici sekholomu equkethe ifomula, bese uhambisa ibha yefomula. Khetha ukuphikisana kokuqala ko-opharetha INDEX (B2: B7) bese uchofoza inkinobho F4. Njengoba ungabona, isibonakaliso se-dollar sivele eduze kwezixhumanisi ezikhethiwe. Chofoza inkinobho Ngena. Ngokuvamile, ifomula ithatha ifomu elilandelayo:

    = INDEX (iShidi 2! $ B $ 2: $ B $ 7; MATCH (Ishidi1! A4; I-Sheet2! $ A $ 2: $ A $ 7; 0))



11. Manje ungakopisha usebenzisa uphawu lokugcwalisa. Yibize ngendlela efanayo esayikhuluma ngayo ngaphambili, futhi isilule kuze kube sekupheleni kwetafula letafula.



12. Njengoba ungabona, naphezu kokuthi umzila wemigqa yamatafula ahlobene amabili ahambelani, noma kunjalo, wonke amanani aqiniswe ngokusho kwamagama abasebenzi. Lokhu kwafezwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi INDEX-MATCH.

Bheka futhi:
Umsebenzi we-Excel INDEX
Umsebenzi womdlalo ku-Excel

Indlela 3: Yenza imisebenzi yezibalo ngemininingwane ehlanganisiwe

Ukubopha idatha ngokuqondile kuhle futhi ukuthi kuvumela ukuthi kungabonakali kuphela ukubonisa amanani okuboniswa kwamanye amatafula etafuleni kwelinye lamatafula, kodwa futhi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezibalo nazo (ukuhlanganisa, ukwahlukanisa, ukususa, ukubuyabuyelela, njll).

Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani ngokusebenza. Masenze lokho ku Ishidi 3 Idatha yeholo lomsebenzi jikelele izoboniswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesisebenzi. Ngalokhu, izinga labasebenzi lizosuswa Ishidi 2, fingqa (usebenzisa umsebenzi SUM) futhi wanda nge-coefficient usebenzisa ifomula.

1. Khetha iseli lapho ukukhokha okuphelele kuzoboniswa khona Ishidi 3. Chofoza inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



2. Kufanele iqalise iwindi Amakhosi omsebenzi. Yiya eqenjini "Isibalo" bese ukhetha igama lapho "SUMM". Okulandelayo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Ukuhambisa iwindi lempikiswano yokusebenza SUMokuyinto eyenzelwe ukubala inani lamanani akhethiwe. Iqukethe i-syntax elandelayo:

   = SUM (inombolo1; inombolo2; ...)

   Amasimu efasiteleni afana nemibono yomsebenzi ocacisiwe. Nakuba inombolo yabo ingafinyelela ezingxenyeni ezingu-255, ngenhloso yethu eyodwa kuphela izothola. Faka i-cursor ensimini "Number1". Chofoza kulebula "Ishidi 2" ngenhla ibha yesimo.



4. Ngemuva kokuthi sithuthele esigabeni esifunayo sencwadi, khetha ikholomu okufanele ifingqwe. Senza isikhombisi, sibambe inkinobho yegundane lesokunxele. Njengoba ubona, izixhumanisi zendawo ekhethiwe ziboniswa masinyane emkhakheni wewindi lempikiswano. Bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Kulungile".



5. Ngemva kwalokho, sihamba ngokuzenzakalelayo Ishidi 1. Njengoba ubona, inani lemali yomholo labasebenzi selivele likhonjisiwe kusigaba esilandelayo.



6. Kodwa akusikho konke. Njengoba sikhumbula, umholo ubalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani lezinga nge-coefficient. Ngakho-ke, siphinde sikhethe iseli lapho inani elifingqiwe likhona. Emva kwalokho iya kwibha yefomula. Sengeza uphawu lokuphindaphinda kwifomula yayo (*), bese uchofoza ku-element lapho i-coefficient ikhona khona. Ukwenza ukuchofoza kokubala ku Ngena kwikhibhodi. Njengoba ubona, uhlelo lubalwe umholo wenyakalo webhizinisi.



7. Buyela emuva Ishidi 2 futhi ushintshe usayizi wesilinganiso kwanoma yisiphi isisebenzi.



8. Emva kwalokhu, godu uye phambili ekhasini ngenani eliphelele. Njengoba ungabona, ngenxa yezinguquko etafuleni elihlobene, umphumela wemivuzo ephelele ubuyiselwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Indlela 4: Ukufaka okukhethekile

Ungakwazi futhi ukuxhumanisa izigcawu zethebula ku-Excel ngokufaka okukhethekile.

1. Khetha amanani adinga ukuba "aqiniswe" kwelinye itafula. Esikhathini sethu, lokhu kuyindlela yokukholomu. "Bet" kuqhubeke Ishidi 2. Chofoza kusiqephu esikhethiwe nge inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla. Kulolu hlu oluvula, khetha into "Kopisha". Inhlanganisela eyinhloko yokhiye iy Ctrl + C. Ngemva kwalokho kuthuthela Ishidi 1.



2. Ukuhambisa endaweni oyifunayo yencwadi, sikhetha amaseli ofuna ukukhipha amanani. Esimweni sethu, lena ikholomu. "Bet". Chofoza kusiqephu esikhethiwe nge inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla. Emenyu yomongo kubha yamathuluzi "Izinketho zokufaka" chofoza kusithonjana "Faka isixhumanisi".

   

   Kukhona okunye okunye. Ngendlela, yiyona kuphela yezinguqulo ezidala ze-Excel. Emenyu yomongo, thuthela isikhombisi entweni "Namathisela Okukhethekile". Emenyu eyengeziwe evula, khetha into enegama elifanayo.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-window ekhethekile yokufaka ifaka. Sicindezela inkinobho "Faka isixhumanisi" engxenyeni engezansi kwesokunxele yeseli.



4. Noma ngabe yikuphi okukhethwa kukho, amanani avela etafuleni elilodwa lamatafula azofakwa kwenye. Uma ushintsha idatha emthonjeni, bayophinde bashintshe ngokuzenzakalelayo ebangeni elifakiwe.

Isifundo: Namathisela Okukhethekile ku-Excel

Indlela 5: Ubuhlobo phakathi kwamatafula ezincwadini eziningi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungahlela uxhumano phakathi kwezikhala zamatafula ezincwadini ezahlukene. Lokhu kusebenzisa ithuluzi lokufaka elikhethekile. Izenzo zizofana ncamashi nalabo esizicabangayo ngendlela yangaphambilini, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuhamba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamafomu ngeke kudingeke kwenzeke phakathi kwezindawo zodwa, kodwa phakathi kwamafayela. Ngokuvamile, zonke izincwadi ezihlobene kufanele zivulekele.

1. Khetha uhla lwemininingwane ofuna ukudlulisela kwenye incwadi. Chofoza kuso nge inkinobho yesokudla yegundane bese ukhetha indawo kwimenyu evula "Kopisha".



2. Bese sithuthela encwadini lapho le datha kuzodingeka ifakwe khona. Khetha ububanzi obufunayo. Chofoza inkinobho yesokudla yegundane. Emenyu yomongo eqenjini "Izinketho zokufaka" khetha into "Faka isixhumanisi".



3. Emva kwalokhu, amanani azofakwa. Uma ushintsha idatha encwadini yomthombo, uhlu lwe-tabular kusuka ebhukwini lokusebenzela luzozidonsa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi akudingekile nakanjani ukuthi zombili izincwadi zivulekele lokhu. Kwanele ukuvula ibhuku elilodwa lomsebenzi, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzodonsa idatha kusuka kudokhumenti exhunyiwe evaliwe, uma izinguquko zenziwe ngaphambilini.

Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulokhu ukufakelwa kuyokwenziwa ngesimo sehlu elingaguquki. Uma uzama ukushintsha noma yiliphi iseli ngemininingwane efakiwe, umlayezo uzovusa ukukwazisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu.

Izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ezihlobene nenye incwadi zingenziwa kuphela ngokuphula isixhumanisi.

Ukunqamula phakathi kwamatafula

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuphula ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwamatafula wetafula. Isizathu salokhu kungenzeka, njengalokhu kuchazwe ngenhla, uma ufuna ukushintsha uhlu olufakwe kusuka kwenye incwadi, noma ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzisi akafuni idatha etafuleni elilodwa ukuba ivuselelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka kwenye.

Indlela 1: nqamula phakathi kwezincwadi

Ungaphula uxhumano phakathi kwezincwadi kuwo wonke amaseli ngokwenza ukuhlinzwa okulodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idatha kumaseli izohlala, kodwa izobe isivele ibe nezimiso ezingaguquki ezingaguquki ezingaxhomeki kwamanye amadokhumenti.

1. Encwadini, lapho amanani avela kwamanye amafayela athunjwa, iya kuthebhu "Idatha". Chofoza kusithonjana "Hlela izixhumanisi"okuyinto itholakala ku-tape ebhodini lamathuluzi "Ukuxhumana". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma le ncwadi yamanje ingenayo izixhumanisi kwamanye amafayela, le nkinobho ayisebenzi.



2. Iwindi lokushintshanisa izixhumanisi liqalisiwe. Khetha ohlwini lwamabhuku ahlobene (uma kukhona amaningana) ifayela lapho sifuna ukuphula khona uxhumano. Chofoza inkinobho "Vula isixhumanisi".



3. Iwindi yolwazi livuleka, lapho kukhona isixwayiso mayelana nemiphumela yezenzo ezengeziwe. Uma uqinisekile ukuthi uzokwenzani, ke uchofoze inkinobho. "Hlangani izibopho".



4. Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izikhombisi zefayela elicacisiwe kumadokhumenti wamanje zizoshintshwa ngamanani we-static.

Indlela 2: Faka Amanani

Kodwa indlela engenhla ifanelekile kuphela uma udinga ukuqeda ngokuphelele zonke izixhumanisi phakathi kwalezi zincwadi ezimbili. Yini okufanele uyenze uma ufuna ukukhipha amatafula ahlobene angaphakathi kwefayela elifanayo? Ungakwenza lokhu ngokukopisha idatha, bese uyihambisa endaweni efanayo namanani.Ngendlela, indlela efanayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuphula uxhumano phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zezincwadi zezincwadi ezahlukene ngaphandle kokuphula uxhumano jikelele phakathi kwamafayela. Ake sibone ukuthi le ndlela isebenza kanjani ekusebenzeni.

1. Khetha ibanga lapho sifuna ukususa isixhumanisi kwelinye itafula. Chofoza kuso nge inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla. Emenyu evula, khetha into "Kopisha". Esikhundleni salezi zenzo, ungatheyipha enye inhlanganisela yekhiyhi elishisayo. Ctrl + C.



2. Khona-ke, ngaphandle kokukhipha ukukhetha kusuka kusiqephu esifanayo, siphinde sichofoze kuso ngenkinobho yegundane efanele. Kulolu hlu ohlwini lwezenzo sichofoza kusithonjana "Amanani"okufakwa eqenjini lamathuluzi "Izinketho zokufaka".



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izixhumanisi ebangeni elikhethiwe zizoshintshwa ngamanani we-static.

Njengoba ubona, i-Excel inezindlela namathuluzi okuxhumanisa amathebula amaningana ndawonye. Kulesi simo, idatha ye-tabular ingase ibe kwamanye amashidi ngisho nasezincwadini ezahlukene. Uma kunesidingo, lokhu kuxhumano kungaphula kalula.