Ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunazo zonke emlandweni we-Inthanethi yanamuhla

Ukuhlasela kokuqala kwe-cyber emhlabeni kwenzeka eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule - ekwindla ka-1988. E-United States, lapho izinkulungwane zamakhompyutha ezitheleleke ngegciwane izinsuku eziningana, ukuhlaselwa okusha kwafika njengokumangala okuphelele. Manje sekube nzima kakhulu ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompiyutha ukuba babanjwe, kepha abakwa-cybercriminals emhlabeni wonke basaphatha. Ngemuva kwalokho, noma ngabe yini ongayisho, nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunazo zonke kwenza izinhlelo zokuhlela. Isihawu kuphela ukuthi abathumeli ulwazi lwabo namakhono lapho kufanele khona.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber okukhulu kakhulu

Imilayezo mayelana ne-virus encryptors ehlasela amakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke ibonakala ezindabeni zezindaba njalo. Futhi ekugcineni, i-scale enkulu ithatha ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Nakhu okuyishumi kuphela kubo: okungcono kakhulu futhi okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni walolu hlobo lobugebengu.

I-Morris worm, ngo-1988

Namuhla, ikhodi yomthombo ye-floppy worppy worm iyinxenye yomnyuziyamu. Ungayibheka kuyi-American Boston Science Museum. Umngane wakhe owayengumnikazi wabafundi u-Robert Tappan Morris, owadala enye yezibungu ze-Internet kuqala futhi wafaka esitelekeni eMassachusetts Institute of Technology ngoNovemba 2, 1988. Ngenxa yalokho, amasayithi angu-6,000 e-intanethi ayekhubazekile e-United States, kanti ukulimala okuphelele kulokhu kwafinyelela ku-$ 96.5 million.
Ukulwa nesibungu kukhanga abachwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha. Noma kunjalo, abakwazanga ukubala umdali wegciwane. UMorris ngokwakhe wazinikela emaphoyiseni - ngokuphikelela kukayise, owayehlobene nomkhakha wekhompyutha.

I-Chernobyl, ngo-1998

Leli gciwane lekhompyutha linamanye amagama ambalwa. Eyaziwa nangokuthi iSnee noma i-CIH. Igciwane lingumthombo waseTaiwan. Ngo-June 1998, lakhiwa ngumfundi wendawo owahlela ukuhlaselwa kwegciwane emasimini omuntu siqu emhlabeni wonke ngo-Ephreli 26, 1999, ngosuku lokugubha usuku oluzayo lwe-Chernobyl. Ihlelo lokuqhuma ibhomu kusengaphambili lisebenze kahle ngesikhathi, lishaya amakhomitha ayizigidi ezigidi emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo olubi olwenziwe ukufeza kuze kube manje lungenakwenzeka - ukukhubaza i-hardware yekhompyutha, ukushaya inkinobho ye-flash BIOS.

UMelissa, 1999

UMelissa wayeyikhodi yokuqala enonya ethunyelwe nge-imeyili. Ngo-March 1999, waphazamisa amaseva ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezisemhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi igciwane laveza ama-imeyili amaningi anesifo esisha, okwenza umthwalo onamandla kakhulu kumaseva weposi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wabo wawunzima kakhulu, noma wawuyeka ngokuphelele. Umonakalo ovela egciwane leMelissa kubasebenzisi kanye nezinkampani kulinganiselwa ku-$ 80 million. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba "ukhokho" wehlobo olusha lwegciwane.

Mafiaboy 2000

Kwakuyinto yokuqala yokuhlaselwa kweDDoS emhlabeni wonke, owaqala ngumfundi wesikole waseCanada oneminyaka engu-16. Ngo-February 2000, amasayithi amaningana adumile emhlabeni wonke (kusukela ku-Amazon kuya ku-Yahoo), lapho uMafiaboy owazi khona khona ukuhlaselwa, washaywa. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wezinsiza waphazamiseka cishe isonto. Umonakalo ovela ekuhlaselweni ngokugcwele waba yingozi kakhulu, kulinganiselwa ku-1.2 billion zamaRandi.

Imvula ye-Titanium, 2003

Ngakho-ke ibizwa uchungechunge lwezokuhlaselwa kwamandla okuqhuma okukhulu, okuvela kulo izinkampani eziningana zemishini yokuzivikela kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni zase-US ezihlukunyezwe ngo-2003. Umgomo wabaqashi kwakuwukuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Abalobi bokuhlaselwa (kwavela ukuthi basuka esifundazweni saseChuddong e-China) baphumelelwa yichwepheshe wezokuphepha kwekhompiyutha uSean Carpenter. Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa esikhundleni sokuwina ama-laurels, ekugcineni wangena enkingeni. I-FBI ibheka izindlela ezingalungile zikaSean, ngoba phakathi nophenyo lwakhe, wenza "ukukhwabanisa kwamakhompyutha ngaphandle kwezomthetho."

I-Cabir, ngo-2004

Ama-virus afika kumafoni weselula ngo-2004. Kwabe sekukhona uhlelo olwenza luzizwe "i-Cabire", olukhonjisiwe esibukweni sedivayisi yeselula njalo lapho kuvuliwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igciwane, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth, lizama ukuthelela amanye amafoni omakhalekhukhwini. Futhi kwathonya kakhulu ukukhokhiswa kwamadivayisi, kwakwanele amahora ambalwa kakhulu.

Ukuhlasela kwe-Cyber ​​ku-Estonia 2007

Okwenzekile ngo-Ephreli 2007, ngaphandle kokwedlulisa okukhethekile, kungabizwa ngokuthi yimpi yokuqala ye-cyber. Khona-ke, e-Estonia, uhulumeni kanye namawebhusayithi wezezimali enkampanini enezinsiza zezokwelapha kanye nezinsizakalo ze-intanethi zahamba ungaxhunywanga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukushaywa kwabonakala kakhulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi u-e-uhulumeni wayesesebenzile e-Estonia, futhi izinkokhelo zebhange zase zifinyelele ngokuphelele kwi-intanethi. Ukuhlasela kwe-Cyber ​​kwakhubaza wonke umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenzeka ngokungahambisani nemibhikisho emikhulu eyenziwa ezweni ngokumelene nokudluliselwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kumaSoviet aseMpi Yezwe II.

-

Zeus, 2007

Uhlelo lweThrojani lwaqala ukusakazeka kumanethiwekhi omphakathi ngo-2007. Abasebenzisi bokuqala be-Facebook abahluphekile babe ngama-imeyili anezithombe ezifakwe kubo. Ukuzama ukuvula isithombe kuphendukile ukuze umsebenzisi afinyelele emakhasini amasayithi aphethwe yi-virus ye-ZeuS. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo olubi ngokushesha lwangena ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha, lathola idatha yomuntu womnikazi we-PC futhi ngokushesha lwasusa izimali ezivela kuma-akhawunti asebhange laseYurophu. Ukuhlasela kwegciwane kuthinte abasebenzisi baseJalimane, base-Italy nabaseSpain. Umonakalo ophelele waba yizigidi ezingu-42 zamaRandi.

Gauss, 2012

Leli gciwane - i-trojan yasebhange yokweba ulwazi lwezezimali kusuka kuma-PC athintekile - lakhiwa ngabakwa-American nabakwa-Israel abaduni abasebenza ngetekisi. Ngo-2012, lapho uGauss ehlasela amabhange eLibiya, e-Israel nasePalestine, wayebhekwa njengesikhali se-cyber. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, njengoba kwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakuwukuqinisekisa ulwazi mayelana nokusekelwa okungasese kwamabhange aseLebanese ngamaphekula.

I-WannaCry, ngo-2017

Amakhompiyutha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-300 namazwe angu-150 omhlaba - anjalo izibalo ezenzelwe izisulu zalesi sifo sokubethela. Ngo-2017, ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, wangena kumakhompyutha akhe siqu nge-Windows operating system (esebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi ayinalo izibuyekezo eziningi ngaleso sikhathi), ukuvinjelwa ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwidiski eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa wathembisa ukuyibuyisela i-$ 300. Labo abenqaba ukukhokha isihlengo, balahlekelwe lonke ulwazi oluthunjiwe. Umonakalo ovela kuWannaCry kulinganiselwa ku-1 billion dollar. Ukubhala kwalo akukaziwa, kukholelwa ukuthi abakhi be-DPRK babe nesandla ekudaleni igciwane.

I-Criminologists emhlabeni jikelele ithi: izigebengu ziya ku-intanethi, futhi amabhange ahlanjululwa ngenkathi ehlaselwa, kodwa ngosizo lwamagciwane amabi angena ohlelweni. Futhi lokhu kuyisignali yomsebenzisi ngamunye: qaphela ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kunethiwekhi, ukuvikela ngokwethembeka idatha mayelana nama-akhawunti akho wezezimali, ungayigodli ushintsho oluvamile lwamaphasiwedi.