I-BIOS (evela ku-English. Isistimu Yokufaka / Isisisekelo Eyisisekelo) - uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokufakwayo / lokukhipha elibhekele ukuqala ikhompiyutha nokuhlelwa kwezinga eliphansi zezingxenye zalo. Kulesi sihloko sizobe sichaza ukuthi isebenza kanjani, siyini, nokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi.
I-Bios
Ngokwemvelo, i-BIOS iyisethi yezinhlelo ezincane ezithengiswa ku-chip kubhodi le-motherboard. Ngaphandle kwale divayisi, ikhompiyutha ayifuni nje ukuthi yenzeni emva kokunikezwa kwamandla - kusuka lapho ukulayisha khona uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuthi ngokushesha ama-coolers kufanele avuke kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvula idivayisi ngokucindezela igundane noma ikhibhodi, njll.
Akufanele ukudideka "I-BIOS SetUp" (imenyu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongayifinyelela ngokuchofoza izinkinobho ezithile zekhibhodi ngenkathi ikhompyutha ivula) kusukela ku-BIOS ngokwayo. Iyokuqala kuphela eyodwa yeqoqo lezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezirekhodiwe ku-chip main BIOS.
BIOS chips
Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokufaka / lokukhipha lulotshwe kuphela kumadivaysi enkumbulo angenawo amandla. Ku-motherboard, kubonakala sengathi i-microcircuit, eduze kwebhethri.
Isizathu salesi sinqumo ukuthi i-BIOS kufanele isebenze njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugesi inikezwa ku-PC noma cha. I-chip kufanele ivikeleke ngokuthembekile ezintweni zangaphandle, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, ngeke kube khona imiyalo kwimemori yekhompyutha ezoyivumela ukuba ilayishe i-OS noma isebenzise yamanje kumabhabhodi ebhodi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-chips lapho i-BIOS ingafakwa khona:
- ERPROM (i-ROM ekhishwe ngokutsha) - okuqukethwe kwalezi zinhlamvu kungasuswa kuphela ngenxa yokuvezwa kwemithombo ye-ultraviolet. Lolu uhlobo lwengasese lwedivayisi engasetshenziswa njengamanje.
- I-Eeprom (i-ROM ekhishwa kabusha kagesi), inguqulo yesimanje, idatha engabonakaliswa isignali kagesi, okuvumela ukuthi ungasusi i-chip kusuka kumat. izimali. Emadivaysi anjalo, ungavuselela i-BIOS, evumela ukuthi ukwandise ukusebenza kwe-PC, ukwandisa uhlu lwamadivayisi asekelwa ibhodi lebhodi, lungisa amaphutha kanye nokwehluleka okwenziwa ngumenzi walo.
Funda kabanzi: Ukubuyekeza i-BIOS kwikhompyutha
Imisebenzi ye-BIOS
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nenhloso ye-BIOS yindlela ephansi yezinga eliphezulu, i-hardware yamadivayisi afakwe kukhompyutha. Uhlelo olungezansi lwe- "BIOS SetUp" lubophezele lokhu. Ngosizo lwawo unga:
- Setha isikhathi sesistimu;
- Setha ukuqaliswa kokuqaliswa, okungukuthi, ucacise idivayisi lapho amafayela kufanele alayishwe khona kuqala ku-RAM, nokuthi yikuphi ukuhleleka kokunye;
- Nika amandla noma ukhubaza umsebenzi wezingxenye, wabeka i-voltage kubo nokunye okuningi.
Umsebenzi we-BIOS
Uma ikhompiyutha iqala, cishe zonke izingxenye ezifakwe kuso ziphendukela ku-chip ye-BIOS ukuze uthole iziqondiso ezengeziwe. Ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi i-POST (amandla-on-self-test). Uma izingxenye, ngaphandle kokuthi i-PC ngeke ikwazi ukuvula (ama-RAM, ama-ROM, ama-I / O amadivaysi, njll.), Idlulise ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, i-BIOS iqala ukucinga irekhodi le-boot lenqubo yokusebenza (MBR). Uma uyithola, ukuphathwa kwe-hardware kudluliselwa ku-OS futhi kulayishwa. Manje, ngokuya ngesistimu yokusebenza, i-BIOS idlulisela ukulawula okugcwele ezingxenyeni zayo (ejwayelekile kwiWindows neLinux) noma ihlinzeka kalula ukufinyelela (MS-DOS). Ngemuva kokuba i-OS ilayishwe, ukusebenza kwe-BIOS kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. Inqubo enjalo iyokwenzeka njalo uma amandla amasha bese kuphela.
Ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi we-BIOS
Ukuze ufike kumenyu ye-BIOS uphinde ushintshe amanye amapharamitha kuwo, udinga ukucindezela inkinobho eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-PC. Lesi sikhiye singase sihluke kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizi we-motherboard. Ngokuvamile "F1", "F2", "ESC" noma "Sula".
Imenyu ye-O / O yawo wonke abakhiqizi bamabhodi we-motherboard ibheka okufanayo. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukusebenza okuyinhloko (kuhlu oluyingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "Imisebenzi ye-BIOS" yale ndaba) ngeke ihluke kubo.
Bheka futhi: Ungangena kanjani kwi-BIOS kwikhompyutha
Uma nje izinguquko zingagcinwa, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-PC. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusetha konke ngokuhle nangendlela efanele, ngoba iphutha kuzilungiselelo ze-BIOS lingabangela okungenani ukuthi ikhompyutha iyeka ukubhujiswa, futhi njengoba isiphezulu, ezinye izingxenye ze-hardware zingaphumeleka. Lokhu kungaba yinkqubo yokucubungula, uma ungahambisani kahle isivinini sokujikeleza samafriji okupholile, noma ukunikezwa kwamandla, uma ungahambisani kahle nokunikezwa kagesi ebhodini le-motherboard - eziningi zezinketho futhi eziningi zazo zingabalulekile ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi yonke. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona i-POST, engabonisa amakhodi wephutha ekuqapha, futhi uma kukhona izikhulumi, inganikeza izimpawu ezizwakalayo, ezikhombisa ikhodi yephutha.
Izinkinga eziningi zokuxazulula izinkinga zingasiza ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-BIOS, ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalokhu kusihloko sewebusayithi yethu, ethulwe kusixhumanisi ngezansi.
Funda kabanzi: Ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-BIOS
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, umqondo we-BIOS, imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko, isimiso sokusebenza, amakhophi angasetshenziswa ngawo, nezinye izici zacatshangelwa. Sithemba ukuthi le ndaba yayithakazelisayo kuwe futhi yasivumela ukuthi sifunde okuthile okusha noma sivuselele ulwazi olukhona.
