Linux

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux, kunezinsiza eziningi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukusebenzisana okwenziwe ngokufaka imiyalo efanelekile ku "Terminal" ngezimpikiswano ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukulawula i-OS ngokwalo, imingcele ehlukahlukene namafayela akhona. Omunye wemilayezo ethandwayo yikati, futhi isebenza nokuqukethwe kwamafayela wefomethi ehlukile.

I-MySQL iyi-system yokuphathwa kwedatha esetshenziswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni iwebhu. Uma Ubuntu isetshenziswa njengesistimu yokusebenza eyinhloko (OS) kwikhompyutha yakho, ukufaka le software kungaba nzima, ngoba kuzomele usebenze kuGedali, usebenzise imiyalo eminingi.

Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukugcina izinhlelo, izinkomba kanye namafayela ngendlela yokugcina ingobo yomlando, ngoba ngale ndlela bathatha isikhala esincane kwikhompyutheni futhi bangasuswa ngokukhululekile emithonjeni ephathekayo kumakhompuyutha ahlukene. Enye yefomethi ezidume kakhulu ze-archive yi-ZIP. Namuhla singathanda ukukhuluma ngendlela yokusebenza nalolu hlobo lwedatha ezinkambisweni zokusebenza ezisuselwe ku-kernel ye-Linux, njengoba izinsiza ezengeziwe zizosetshenziselwa ukukhipha noma ukubuka okufanayo.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Debian lungenye yezabelo zokuqala ezisekelwe ku-Linux kernel. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokufaka kubasebenzisi abaningi abaye banquma ukuzijwayeza ngalesi simiso kungase kubonakale kunzima. Ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga phakathi kwalo, kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imiyalo ezohlinzekwa kulesi sihloko.

Abasebenzisi be-Windows operating system bangenza kalula kalula i-USB bootable flash drive ne-Ubuntu image kuso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile. Ukurekhoda Ubuntu, kumele ube nesithombe se-ISO sesistimu yokusebenza, okuzogcinwa kwimidiya ekhishwayo, kanye ne-drive ngokwayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-SSH (Shell Shell) buvumela ukulawula okude okuphephile kwikhompyutha ngokuxhumeka okuphephile. I-SSH ibhala phansi wonke amafayela adlulisiwe, kufaka phakathi amaphasiwedi, futhi futhi adlulisa ngokuphelele noma iyiphi inqubo yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi. Ukuze ithuluzi lisebenze kahle, akudingeki nje ukulifaka kuphela, kodwa futhi ukulilungisa.

Dala noma ususe ifayela ku-Linux - yini engaba lula? Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, indlela yakho ethembekile futhi efakazelwe ingase ingasebenzi. Kulokhu, kuyoba nengqondo ukufuna isisombululo senkinga, kodwa uma kungenaso isikhathi salokhu, ungasebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwakha noma ukususa amafayela ku-Linux. Kulesi sihloko, ethandwa kakhulu kuzocutshungulwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo sokwenza kanyekanye noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza kukhompyutha eyodwa yomuntu. Uma kungekho isifiso sokusebenzisa i-double booting, ungasebenzisa okukhethwa kukho okusele - faka umshini obonakalayo wesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux. Ngememori eyanele yokusebenza kanye neyinkimbinkimbi, amandla eprosesa adingekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa agijime izinhlelo eziningana futhi asebenze nabo kwimodi egcwele.

Manje cishe wonke umsebenzisi uya kwi-Inthanethi nsuku zonke ngokusebenzisa isiphequluli. Ekufinyeleleni mahhala kuningi lweziphequluli zewebhu ezihlukahlukene ngezici zazo ezihlukanisa le software kusuka kumikhiqizo yabompikiswano. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi banokukhetha futhi bakhetha isofthiwe egcwele izidingo zabo.

Ukuxhumeka okuphephile kwama-network nodes nokushintshaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwabo kuhlobene ngokuqondile namachweba avulekile. Ukuxhumeka nokudluliselwa kwezimoto kwenziwa ngechweba elithile, futhi uma kuvaliwe ohlelweni, akunakwenzeka ukwenza inqubo enjalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abasebenzisi banesithakazelo ekudluliseni inombolo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukulungisa ukusebenzisana kwamadivayisi.

Namuhla, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza alubhekwa njengengqikithi, uma lingenayo imodi eminingi yomsebenzisi. Kanjalo i-Linux. Ngaphambili ku-OS kwakukhona amafulegi amathathu amakhulu kuphela alawula amalungelo okufinyelela omsebenzisi ngamunye, lokhu kufundwa, ukubhala nokukwenziwa ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, emva kwesikhashana, abathuthukisi baqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwakunganele futhi wadala amaqembu akhethekile abasebenzisi bale OS.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-kernel azizona ezithandwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abasebenzisi abaningi abazi nje ukuthi bangazifaka kanjani kukhompyutha yabo. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza imiyalo yokufaka ukusabalalisa okuthandwa kakhulu kwe-Linux. Ukufaka i-Linux Yonke imihlahlandlela engezansi idinga amakhono amancane nolwazi kumsebenzisi.

Phakathi nokufakwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ubuntu, kudalwe umsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela onamalungelo okumpande nanoma yimaphi amakhono okuphatha ikhompyutha. Ngemva kokuthi ukufakwa kuqedile, kunokufinyelela ukudala inombolo engenamkhawulo yabasebenzisi abasha, ukubeka ngalinye lamalungelo alo, ifolda yasekhaya, usuku lokuvala kanye neminye imingcele.

I-Debian yisistimu yokusebenza ethize. Uma uyifakile, abasebenzisi abaningi babhekana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene lapho besebenza nayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi le-OS idinga ukulungiswa ezingxenyeni eziningi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokusetha inethiwekhi ku-Debian. Bheka futhi: Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka Debian 9 Indlela yokulungisa i-Debian emva kokufaka Ukuhlela i-Inthanethi ku-Debian Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxhuma ikhompyutha kwinethiwekhi, iningi lazo seliphelelwe yisikhathi futhi lingasetshenzisiwe ngumhlinzeki, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayabonakala.

I-antivirus kunoma yisiphi isistimu yokusebenza yinto engalokothi ibuhlungu. Yiqiniso, abakhiwe "abazivikeli" abakhiweyo bayakwazi ukuvimbela isofthiwe engalungile ukungena ohlelweni, kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kuvame ukuba ngumyalo wokubaluleka kakhulu, futhi ukufaka isofthiwe yangaphandle kwikhompyutha kuyobe iphephile kakhulu.

Njengoba wazi, akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezenzelwe uhlelo lwe-Windows oluhambisana nokusabalalisa kwi-kernel ye-Linux. Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi kubangela abanye abasebenzisi izinkinga ngenxa yokuhluleka ukusungula abalingani bomdabu. Uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi iwayini luzosombulula le nkathazo, ngoba lenzelwe ngokuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidalwe ngaphansi kweWindows.

Kunoma yisiphi isistimu yokusebenza, yiba yi-Linux noma i-Windows, ungase udinge ukuqamba kabusha ifayela. Futhi uma abasebenzisi beWindows bebhekana nalokhu kusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingadingekile, ke ku-Linux bangase babhekane nobunzima, ngenxa yokungabi nolwazi kolwazi nokuningi kweziindlela eziningi. Le ngqikithi izohlunga zonke izinhlobo ezingafani zokuthi ungabiza kanjani kabusha ifayela ku-Linux.

Ukufaka i-Ubuntu Server akufani kakhulu nokufaka inguqulo yedeskithophu yale nqubo yokusebenza, kodwa abasebenzisi abaningi basesaba ngokuzimela ukufaka inguqulo yesiphakeli ye-OS kwidiski enzima. Lokhu kulungile, kodwa inqubo yokufaka ngeke ibangele ubunzima uma usebenzisa imiyalelo yethu.

Ngemva komsebenzi omude kukhompyutheni, amafayela amaningi atholakale kwi disk, ngaleyo ndlela athatha isikhala. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba kancane kangangokuthi ikhompyutha iqala ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo, futhi ukufakwa kwesofthiwe entsha ngeke kwenzeke. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukulawula inani lesikhala samahhala ku-hard drive.

Umkhuba ovamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi ukufaka izinhlelo ezimbili zokusebenza eziseduze. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyi-Windows kanye nokunye kokusabalalisa okusekelwe ku-Linux kernel. Ngezinye izikhathi nalezi zinkinga zokufaka zivela nomsebenzi we-loader, okungukuthi, ukulanda kwe-OS yesibili akukwenziwa. Khona-ke kumele ibuyiselwe yedwa, ishintshe imingcele yesistimu kuya ezifanele.